UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM10-K
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________to__________
Commission file number: 001-40621
MOBIX LABS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(949)808-8888
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company,” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025) was approximately $30.5 million. The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, as of November 30, 2025, was 64,308,034 and 2,004,901, respectively.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed within 120 days after September 30, 2025, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K for Mobix Labs, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical information or statements of current condition and relate to future events or our future financial performance. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, any statements regarding:
These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this report and current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, the actual results or our performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ include the risks and uncertainties set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PART I
Item 1. Business
Company Overview
Based in Irvine, California, Mobix Labs designs, develops and sells components and systems for advanced wireless and wired connectivity, radio frequency (“RF”), switching and electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) filtering technologies. Our solutions are used in the defense, aerospace, commercial, industrial and other markets. To enhance our product portfolio, we also intend to pursue acquisitions of companies with existing revenue which can be scaled, and which possess technologies that accelerate the speed, accessibility, and efficiency of disruptive or more efficient communications solutions, and which will also allow us to expand into strategically aligned industries. Our wireless systems solutions include products for advanced RF and millimeter wave (“mmWave”) communications, mmWave imaging, software defined radio and custom RF integrated circuits (“ICs”) targeting the defense, aerospace, commercial and industrial sectors. Our interconnect products, including EMI filter inserts and filtered and non-filtered connectors, are designed for and are currently used in aerospace, military, defense and medical applications. These innovative technologies are designed for large and rapidly growing markets where there is increasing demand for higher performance communication and filtering systems which utilize an expanding mix of both wireless and connectivity technologies.
On December 21, 2023, we consummated the merger pursuant to the business combination agreement, dated November 15, 2022 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Chavant Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Chavant”), CLAY Merger Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed, wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (“Merger Sub”), and Mobix Labs, Inc. (“Legacy Mobix”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Mobix, with Legacy Mobix surviving the merger as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (together with the other transactions related thereto, the “Merger”). In connection with the consummation of the Merger (the “Closing”), Chavant changed its name from “Chavant Capital Acquisition Corp.” to “Mobix Labs, Inc.” (the “Company”) and Legacy Mobix changed its name from “Mobix Labs, Inc.” to “Mobix Labs Operations, Inc.”
Throughout this report, unless otherwise noted or otherwise suggested by context, all references to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Legacy Mobix prior to the consummation of the Merger, and to the Company and its subsidiaries after the consummation of the Merger.
We were founded with the goal of simplifying the development and maximizing the performance of mmWave wireless products by designing and developing high performance system-level solutions used for signal processing applications in wireless devices. Since our inception, our corporate strategy has evolved to encompass the pursuit of acquisitions serving diverse industry sectors, including aerospace, military, defense, medical and high reliability (“HiRel”) technology, as part of our commitment to enhancing communication services. We have developed and/or acquired an extensive intellectual property (“IP”) portfolio comprised of patents and trade secrets that are critical to commercializing our communication products and communications technologies. In leveraging our proprietary technology, we aim to scale the growth of revenue for our products by serving large and rapidly growing markets where we believe there are increasing demands for higher performance communication technologies, including both wireless and wired connectivity systems. We are actively pursuing customer engagements with manufacturers of wireless communications, aerospace, military, defense, medical and HiRel products.
On December 18, 2023, we completed the acquisition of EMI Solutions, Inc. (“EMI Solutions”) when we acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of EMI Solutions. EMI Solutions is a manufacturer of interconnect products, including electromagnetic interference filtering products for aerospace, military, defense and medical applications. We believe the acquisition of EMI Solutions complements our existing product offerings, expanded our customer base and allows us to deliver solutions that address a wider variety of applications and markets.
On May 21, 2024, we completed the acquisition of RaGE Systems, Inc. (“RaGE Systems”). RaGE Systems designs, develops and manufactures wireless systems solutions, including products for 5G communications, mmWave imaging, and software defined radio targeting the commercial, industrial, and defense and aerospace sectors. We believe the acquisition of RaGE Systems expands our expertise in wireless communications and will allow us to deliver solutions that address a wider variety of applications and markets.
Our leadership team is comprised of industry veterans with prior experience at premier semiconductor and connectivity companies, including Microsemi Corporation (which was acquired by Microchip Technology Inc.), Skyworks Solutions, Inc., MaxLinear, Inc. and Texas Instruments Incorporated. Our leadership team has significant experience and insight into growing advanced technology companies and executing strategic acquisitions to accelerate growth. Our engineering team is highly skilled in radio frequency, analog and mixed-signal technologies and has prior experience spearheading development of RF solutions that are widely used in existing wireless systems and devices.
Industry Overview
Wireless Systems Solutions — Our wireless systems solutions address several growth markets in the electronics industry—communications, sensing and detection and microelectronics. We expect these markets will continue to expand, driven by a number of factors.
Interconnect Products — Our interconnect products address the global EMI filter market which we believe is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for noise reduction in electronic devices. The growing complexity of electronic systems and the proliferation of communication technologies are driving the market growth.
Our EMI filtering devices are designed to reduce electromagnetic interference and allow for effective functioning of electronic communication systems. We believe the increasing complexity of aerospace and defense systems will drive greater demand for electromagnetic interference filters in the military and aerospace sectors. The increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles and other advanced technology solutions has also fueled market growth.
Our high-reliability EMI filters are designed to consistently meet or exceed performance requirements and are vitally important to any industry with a high cost of failure. For example, our military, aerospace, and healthcare customers utilize our products for the accurate transmission and reception of signals required to ensure soldier, aircraft and patient safety or achieve mission success. Currently, our EMI filtering products are widely used in various applications and industries, including aerospace, military, defense and healthcare.
Market Opportunity
As a global provider of a diverse portfolio of advanced capability products, we believe that we are well positioned to capitalize upon the strong growth trends within the defense, aerospace, commercial, industrial and other markets worldwide. We believe our technology, products, and acquisition strategy will serve as strong bases for growth in the markets we currently serve as well as enable us to penetrate new markets globally. We believe our ability to develop and produce market-leading products and services coupled with our deep knowledge of our customers and end markets will enable us to expand our domestic and international market share and continue to offer our customers high-value solutions.
Aerospace and Defense — We offer a variety of products that support the needs of end-user customers in the aerospace and defense and HiRel markets, including our wireless systems solutions and interconnect products. Key end customers, including the U.S. military, have expressed a need for high-speed, reliable and secure communications links for various applications, including the “Connected Soldier” and “Connected Battlefield” in the Internet of Military Things, which includes sensing and computing devices worn by soldiers, embedded in combat suits and helmets. High bandwidth connectivity utilized in a private network is increasingly expected to allow the military to track, monitor and manage assets in the field in real time, enhancing market demand for high-performance, reliable and cost-effective solutions, which our products are designed to be.
Industrial— Securing sensitive areas such as airports, ports of entry, government offices and data centers as well as other public spaces is a major growth area due to the lack of system level solutions and companies with the capabilities to service these markets. We believe this presents an opportunity for us and our capabilities in the design, testing and manufacturing of multi-band, multi-spectral systems integrated with data processing and AI with machine leaning. We believe our unique position supplying the largest systems integrator of these types of solutions domestically offers us an opportunity to develop new capabilities and enter new markets.
We expect that carriers will need to deploy dense networks of mmWave 5G small cells and repeaters in dense urban applications in order to maintain coverage and quality of service. In rural applications, the emphasis is on coverage and efficiency of the infrastructure in energy constrained deployments. We believe these factors present significant opportunities for us. Each small cell and/or repeater will require multiple chips to meet the necessary output power and coverage requirements. Rural cells will require energy efficient designs which utilize AI to meet capacity and coverage while minimizing power consumption. We believe our design capabilities, IP, and products position us to be a strong supplier at both ends of the communications infrastructure market.
Satellite Communications — With the proliferation of satellite enabled devices there is an industry push to converge broadband low earth orbit satellite communications (“LEO SATCOM”) with terrestrial 5G and other technologies. LEO SATCOM applications can provide lower latency and greater global coverage compared to geosynchronous satellite applications. On the ground terminal side, having a broadband satellite connection as a backup will allow many devices from handsets and laptops to connected cars to have more stable connections. As the world becomes more and more connected, we will seek to provide wireless systems solutions and LEO SATCOM connectivity designed to offer an attractive solution for keeping consumers connected anywhere in the world.
Products
Wireless Systems Solutions
Our wireless systems solutions products and services address three key markets—communications, sensing and detection, and microelectronics.
Communications— We provide both products and services for communications applications. Typically, we contract with customers to specify, design, prototype and validate products for markets in which our customers have an established position. We offer a highly skilled, multi-functional, knowledgeable team and we have significant industry know-how that cuts across every system aspect. Once the prototypes or trial units have been fielded, we seek to enter into a supply contract to build, test, ship and maintain products for our customers. In 2024 we launched our SMART™ Edge device—a software-manageable autonomous radio transceiver and an innovative appliance optimized for deployment at the network edge. This device is software programmable for a variety of applications such as RF spectrum analysis, RF broadcast node, transition base station and other custom applications.
Sensing and Detection — We provide a custom designed product and a variety of services for sensing and detection applications. In security technology systems for airports, ports and borders, we work with a market leader and provide a key mmWave sensing module used in latest generation systems. We also provide design services to help with system improvements, cost reduction, new features and system development. We seek to expand our customer and application space to include non-destructive sensing of critical infrastructure components like wooden timbers, concrete and other building materials.
Microelectronics— Semiconductor components are the building blocks used in wireless systems and devices. These components are classified as either discrete devices or ICs (also referred to as “chips” or a “chipset”), in which a number of transistors and other elements are combined to form a more complicated electronic circuit. We expect our chipset IP and technology will feature a design which minimizes the number of semiconductor chips needed to enable mmWave wireless devices, and therefore we expect that our products will reduce the cost of such devices. Although we have not yet sold any ICs, we believe our IP and developed technology positions us to complete development of our chipset as the market for mmWave ICs evolves.
Interconnect Products
Our interconnect products consist of EMI filter inserts and filtered and non-filtered connectors. EMI filters are crucial components utilized in various electronic systems to mitigate EMI and ensure the integrity and reliability of signal transmission. These filters are designed to selectively attenuate or block unwanted electromagnetic noise while allowing desired signals to pass through unaffected. Our interconnect products are deployed in aerospace, military, defense, medical and healthcare products, and play a pivotal role in maintaining signal clarity, reducing signal distortion, and safeguarding against potential disruptions caused by external electromagnetic sources. By incorporating our interconnect products into electronic circuitry, our customers enhance the performance, efficiency, and overall functionality of their products, thereby meeting stringent regulatory standards and ensuring optimal operational reliability in diverse applications.
Competitive Strengths
Company Strategy
We believe our diverse product offerings, our intellectual property and the global distribution and sales channels we have established provide additional opportunities to address several new markets from data centers to emerging wireless applications worldwide.
Manufacturing and Operations
We currently manufacture a majority of our interconnect products and wireless systems solutions at our own facilities. We also rely on contract manufacturers for certain production processes. This strategy is intended to allow us to efficiently manage both our supply competitiveness and manufacturing utilization in order to minimize the risk associated with market fluctuations and maximize our cash flow. Due to the application of our interconnect products in national security and defense applications, our interconnect products must be manufactured in the United States, with limited exceptions.
For mmWave wireless IC products, we expect to outsource wafer fabrication to third party wafer manufacturers, as is common in the semiconductor industry. We believe the manufacturing processes we will require are available from multiple wafer fabrication providers. We believe that the raw materials, parts and supplies used in wafer fabrication are generally available at present and will remain available in the foreseeable future. Semiconductor wafers are usually shipped to third-party contractors for device assembly and packaging, where the wafers are cut into individual die, packaged and tested before final shipment to customers. We will also rely on third parties for device assembly and packaging services.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our products and services directly to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) or original design manufacturers (“ODMs”) and contract manufacturers through our global network of representatives and distributors. Our go-to-market strategy provides comprehensive customer coverage. We seek to collaborate with customers through the technology selection and design processes to gain design wins. We are customer and standard agnostic, allowing our solutions to be used globally and across multiple platforms and customers. We target innovative product suppliers and focus on communications technology used in mission critical and HiRel applications.
We often work with customers that have a leading market share in a given application or solution. Given military, aerospace and healthcare product lifecycles, our products may remain in production with a customer for more than seven years with a single design.
We strive to implement our go-to-market strategy, which is intended to provide comprehensive customer coverage through electronic component distributors and independent sales representative organizations. We also maintain a network of distributors and independent sales representative organizations, primarily in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. As is customary in the electronic components industry, our distributors and independent sales representative organizations may also market other products that compete with ours.
The sales process of electronic components and solutions typically commences with identifying and qualifying prospective customers and programs. Component suppliers like Mobix Labs must collaborate with prospective customers to work through the design funnel until production of the customers’ products. During this process, component suppliers often provide technical support directly or through the independent sales representative organizations that are concurrently providing pre-sales, post-sales and account management services to bring the customers’ products to market in a timely manner.
Customers
Our primary customers are organizations that sell product solutions for aerospace, military, defense and healthcare applications. We have also engaged with several OEMs and ODMs in an effort to secure them as customers for our mmWave ICs when those products are available for sale. If they do purchase our mmWave ICs, we expect them to purchase these products on a purchase order basis when we complete development and commence sales, which is customary in the semiconductor industry.
For the year ended September 30, 2025, sales to Leidos Holdings, Inc. accounted for approximately 50% of our net revenues. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of our net revenues.
Competition
Wireless Systems Solutions — The mmWave wireless market presents a significant opportunity for many existing and emerging semiconductor companies. Large companies such as Qualcomm Incorporated, NXP Semiconductors, N.V., Qorvo, Inc., Skyworks Solutions, Inc., and Analog Devices Inc. have all offered products to address the RF and mixed-signal portion of 5G radios for connected devices. There are also a number of smaller companies looking to capitalize on the mmWave market as well. We typically design our sensing and detection solutions under contracts and we primarily compete with our customers’ internal resources for design activity and with external contract manufacturers for the manufacture of products or equipment.
Interconnect Products — Multiple companies vie to provide effective solutions for mitigating electromagnetic interference. Principal companies with whom we compete include Amphenol Corporation, Glenair, Inc., ITT Inc., and TE Connectivity Corporation. However, we believe that only a limited number of companies, including us, are approved vendors for products incorporated into certain military, defense, aerospace, and healthcare solutions.
Many of our competitors have greater financial, manufacturing, technical, sales and marketing resources to develop and market products that compete with our products. Some of our competitors may also have more advantageous supply or development relationships with our current and potential customers or suppliers.
Research and Development
At our core, we are a technology innovation company. We have invested a significant amount of time and expense into the design and development of technology for our current and anticipated future products, including mmWave wireless technology. We view our intellectual property, whether internally developed or obtained by way of an acquisition of a business, as a competitive advantage. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to the development and acquisition of technology to be incorporated within our products and to product innovation and development.
Intellectual Property
A key strength of business is our intellectual property portfolio and engineering experience, both of which guide product development activities and our approach to maintaining, protecting and enforcing our intellectual property. We rely on our proprietary technologies, trade secrets and know-how to give us a competitive advantage. We also have a number of intellectual property registrations (including issued patents and trademark registrations), but we do not rely on any particular patent or patents for our success and have instead relied on our know-how and trade secrets.
Our future success and competitive position depend in part upon our ability to obtain and maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary information. We rely primarily on patent, trademark, trade secret and similar laws, as well as nondisclosure and confidentiality, agreements, international treaties and other methods, to protect our intellectual property and proprietary information. In order to maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary information, we may be required to litigate or arbitrate to enforce our contract and intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others.
Due to the competition in the industry in which we operate, there is frequent litigation related to allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. From time to time we may receive inquiries from third parties related to their intellectual property rights and may become subject to litigation matters or disputes related to claims that we have infringed, misappropriated or violated their intellectual property rights, particularly as we expand our presence in the market and face increasing competition.
Government Regulations
We are subject to import/export controls, tariffs and other trade-related regulations and restrictions in the countries in which we do business. These controls, tariffs, regulations and restrictions (including those related to, or affected by, United States-China relations, as discussed in “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry”) have had, and we believe may continue to have, a material impact on our business, including our ability to manufacture or sell products or source components.
Government regulations are subject to change in the future, and accordingly we are unable to assess the possible effect of compliance with future requirements or whether our compliance with such regulations will materially impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Human Capital
Our people are critical to success and the pursuit of our goals and growth strategy. We strive to attract and retain team members who are driven to innovate and who bring diverse perspectives and skills. As of September 30, 2025, we had a total of 46 employees in the United States, of whom eleven were primarily engaged in research and development, two were primarily engaged in sales and marketing, fifteen were primarily engaged in manufacturing, and eighteen were primarily engaged in general and administrative functions. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement or represented by a labor union. Additionally, from time to time we utilize third-party contractors to supplement our workforce.
Available Information
We file or furnish annual, quarterly and current reports and other documents with the SEC. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments, will be made available free of charge on our website, www.mobixlabs.com, as soon as reasonably practicable, following the filing of the reports with the SEC. In addition, our website allows investors and other interested persons to sign up to automatically receive e-mail alerts when news releases and financial information is posted on the website. The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on or obtainable through our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The risk factors described below are not necessarily exhaustive and you are encouraged to perform your own investigation with respect to the businesses of Mobix Labs.
Summary Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors,” that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and the growth of our business. In particular, the following risks, among others, may offset our competitive strengths or have a negative effect on our business strategy, which could cause a decline in the price of the Class A Common Stock or Public Warrants and result in a loss of all or a portion of your investment:
Risks related to our business and industry
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We are an early-stage company, and it remains difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.
Since our inception in 2020, we have invested a significant amount of time and expense into the design and development of technology for our current and anticipated future products, including mmWave wireless technology. We have also grown through acquisitions of other businesses, including our fiscal year 2024 acquisitions of RaGE Systems and EMI Solutions, which expanded our operations to the aerospace, military, defense, medical and other markets. However, it remains difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter. Risks and challenges we have faced or expect to face include, but are not limited to, our ability to:
If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risks Related to Our Business and Industry” section, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Moreover, as we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving and highly competitive market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market.
We cannot predict whether we will succeed in maintaining revenue growth, or when we will be able to generate income from operations.
We cannot predict whether we will succeed in maintaining revenue growth or when we will be able to generate income from operations. Our revenue has been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted if we are unable to obtain sufficient finished goods to fill customer orders and to maintain or increase our profit margins due to manufacturing limitations, replacement costs, and our capital constraints.
We have incurred losses in the operation of our business and anticipate that our expenses will increase, potentially leading to continued losses from operations in the near future. Moreover, we may not be able to achieve or generate sufficient income from operations to sustain ourselves.
Since inception, we have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows, primarily due to our ongoing investment in product development. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we incurred losses from operations of $37.7 million and $46.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $150.6 million. Since then, we have continued to incur losses from operations, and we expect this trend to persist, along with negative cash flows from operations, for the foreseeable future.
In addition, we may not achieve or generate sufficient income from operations to sustain ourselves. We may incur substantial losses for reasons, including changes in demand for our products, increasing competition, challenging macroeconomic conditions, regulatory changes and other risks discussed herein.
We cannot assure you that we will achieve or maintain profitability or that we will be able to continue as a going concern.
We believe that there is substantial doubt concerning our ability to continue as a going concern as we currently do not have adequate liquidity to meet our operating needs and satisfy our obligations for at least the next twelve months. We will need to raise additional working capital to continue our normal and planned operations. We will need to generate and sustain significant revenue levels in future periods in order to become profitable, and, even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability. In addition, as a public company, we will continue to incur increased accounting, legal, and other expenses which make it necessary for us to continue to raise additional working capital. Our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than expected, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to offset our increased operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown events. Accordingly, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern, and we cannot assure you that we will achieve sustainable operating profits as we continue to expand our business and otherwise implement our growth initiatives and strategies.
The financial statements included herein have been prepared on a going concern basis. We may not be able to generate profitable operations in the future and/or obtain the necessary financing to meet our obligations and pay liabilities arising from normal business operations when they come due. The outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with any certainty at this time. These factors raise substantial doubt that we will be able to continue as a going concern. We plan to continue to provide for our capital needs through sales of our securities, issuance of debt, and/or related party advances. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
We will need to raise additional capital in the future to fund our operations and execute our business plan, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any fundraising involving the sale and issuance of equity securities can substantially dilute existing stockholders.
In the future, we will require additional capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions, or unforeseen circumstances. We may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. In order to further business relationships with current or potential customers or partners, we may also issue equity or equity-linked securities to current or potential customers or partners. We may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities, our existing stockholders could experience significant dilution. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
We may fail to successfully acquire or integrate new businesses, products, and technology, and we may not realize expected benefits, resulting in harm to the business.
We intend to continue growing our businesses, including through the acquisition of complementary businesses, products, or technologies rather than through internal development.
Identifying suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to identify suitable candidates or successfully complete identified acquisitions. In addition, completing an acquisition could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations, which could harm the business and affect financial results. Even if we complete an acquisition, we may not be able to successfully integrate newly acquired organizations, products, technologies, or employees into our operations or may not fully realize some of the expected synergies. An acquired company may have deficiencies in product quality, regulatory marketing authorizations or certifications, or intellectual property protections, which are not detected during due diligence activities or which are unasserted at the time of acquisition. It may be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming for us to re-establish market access, regulatory compliance, or cure such deficiencies in product quality or intellectual property protection in such cases, which may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
If our customers are unable to achieve widespread market acceptance of their products which incorporate our products, we may not be able to generate the revenue necessary to support our business.
The following factors, among others, may affect the level of market acceptance of our products:
If we are unable to achieve or maintain market acceptance of our products, and if our products do not win widespread market acceptance, our business may be significantly harmed.
Our customers generally require our products to undergo a lengthy qualification process, which does not assure product sales. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying these products with a customer, our business and operating results may suffer.
Prior to purchasing our products, our customers generally require that our products and solutions undergo extensive qualification processes, which involve testing of the products and solutions. This qualification process can take several months, and qualification of a product by a customer does not assure any sales of the product to that customer. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying these products with a customer, our business and operating results may suffer.
Markets for mmWave wireless semiconductor products are still developing and may not develop at the speed and scale as expected.
The markets for products designed for mmWave wireless communication are relatively new and still developing, which makes our business and future prospects difficult to evaluate, and thus the estimates and forecasts of total addressable market and serviceable addressable market are subject to significant uncertainty. We and our customers are pursuing opportunities in markets that are undergoing rapid changes, including technological and regulatory changes, and it is difficult to predict the timing and size of the opportunities. Many of the wireless and wired applications we and our customers are working towards commercializing require complex technology and are subject to uncertainties with respect to, among other things, the heavy capital investment required to commercialize those applications, the competitive landscape, the rate of consumer acceptance and the impact of current or future regulations. Regulatory, safety or reliability developments, many of which are outside of our and our customers’ control, could also cause delays or otherwise impair commercial adoption of new technologies and solutions, which may adversely affect our growth.
As we develop mmWave wireless semiconductor products, we face the risk that potential customers may not value or be willing to bear the cost of incorporating our products into their product offerings, particularly if they believe their customers are satisfied with prior offerings. If we are unable to sell mmWave semiconductor products we seek to develop, and subsequent generations of such products, the growth prospects of our mmWave wireless semiconductor products would be negatively affected.
If we are unable to execute our growth strategies effectively, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We may not be able to scale our business quickly enough to meet customer and market demand, which could result in lower profitability or cause us to fail to execute on our business strategies. In order to grow our business, we will need to continue to evolve and scale our business and operations to meet customer and market demand. Evolving and scaling our business and operations places increased demands on our management as well as our financial and operational resources to:
If we cannot evolve and scale our business and operations effectively, we may not be able to execute our business strategies in a cost-effective manner, and our business, financial condition, profitability and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The markets for our semiconductor products and solutions are highly competitive, and some market participants have substantially greater resources. We compete against both established competitors and new market entrants with respect to, among other things, cost, technology, and engineering resources.
The markets for semiconductor products and solutions are highly competitive. Our future success in commercializing any semiconductor products and solutions we develop will depend on whether we can deliver the technology, products, and solutions solving our target customers’ engineering challenges and continue to develop semiconductor products and solutions in a timely manner. Additionally, it will depend on whether we can successfully compete with existing and new competitors. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, more established customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, research and development, marketing, and other resources than we do. In some cases, our competitors may be better positioned to initiate or withstand substantial price competition. If we are not able to maintain favorable pricing for our products and solutions, our profit margin and profitability could suffer. Certain competitors may be better positioned to acquire competitive solutions and take advantage of acquisition or other similar expansion opportunities. Increased competition may result in pricing pressure and reduced margins, impeding our ability to increase the sales of our products or causing us to lose market share. Any of these outcomes will adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our interconnect products are also subject to intense competition.
The markets for our interconnect products and solutions are competitive and fragmented and are subject to changing technology and shifting customer needs. A number of vendors produce and market products and services that compete to varying extents with our offerings, both in terms of performance and price. We expect this competition to continue and intensify. Moreover, changes affecting the markets for our interconnect products could increase the chances that we will face competition from new products or service offerings from both existing and new competitors.
Our future success will greatly depend on our ability to successfully introduce new products and solutions for our markets that meet the needs of our customers.
Our future success will depend on our ability to introduce new products and improve and enhance our existing products. In furtherance of these efforts, we expect to invest significantly in ongoing research and development. If we do not adequately fund our research and development efforts, or if our investments in research and development do not translate into material enhancements to our products, we may not be able to compete effectively, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be harmed.
Furthermore, given the rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which we compete, our products and technology could be rendered obsolete by alternative or competing technologies. The markets in which we operate are characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards. We may not be successful in identifying, developing, and marketing products or systems that respond to rapid technological change, evolving technical standards, and systems developed by others. If we do not continue to develop, manufacture, and market innovative technologies or applications that meet customers’ requirements, sales may suffer, and our growth prospects may be harmed.
The consolidation of our customers may adversely affect our financial results.
Our industry is characterized by the high costs associated with developing marketable semiconductor products and solutions as well as high levels of investment in production capabilities. As a result, the semiconductor industry and the markets we serve have experienced, and may continue to experience, consolidation among our competitors or customers. Larger competitors resulting from consolidations may have certain advantages over us, including, but not limited to, substantially greater financial and other resources with which to withstand adverse economic or market conditions and pursue development, engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their products; longer operating histories; presence in key markets; patent protection; and greater name recognition. In addition, we may be at a competitive disadvantage to our peers if we fail to identify attractive opportunities to acquire companies to expand our business. Consolidation among our competitors or customers could erode our market share, negatively impact our capacity to compete and require us to restructure our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We generate a substantial portion of our revenues from one customer and expect that we will generate revenue from a limited number of customers in the near future; and the loss of any key customer could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our primary customers are organizations that sell product solutions for defense, aerospace, commercial, industrial and other applications. We have also engaged with several OEMs and ODMs in an effort to secure them as customers for our mmWave ICs when the products are available for sale. If they do purchase our mmWave ICs, we expect them to purchase these products on a purchase order basis when we complete development and commence sales, which is customary in the semiconductor industry.
For the year ended September 30, 2025, sales to Leidos Holdings, Inc. accounted for approximately 50% of our net revenues and no other customer accounted for 10% or more of our net revenues. The loss of this customer would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
We generally do not obtain long-term purchase commitments, and although most of our customer orders are non-cancellable, some customers may choose to unilaterally cancel their purchase order which may adversely impact our revenue and operating results.
With limited exceptions, we generally do not obtain long-term commitments with our customers. While a majority of our customers are not permitted to cancel their product orders, in some cases, customers may unilaterally cancel their orders, which may adversely impact our revenue and operating results.
Defects in our products or poor design and engineering solutions could result in lost sales and subject us to substantial liability.
If our products perform poorly, whether due to design, engineering, or other reasons, we could lose sales. In certain cases, if our products are found to be the component that leads to failure or a failure to meet the performance specifications of our customer, we could be required to pay monetary damages to our customer. A defect in any of our products could give rise to significant costs, including expenses relating to recalling the products, replacing defective items and writing down defective inventory as well as lead to the loss of potential sales. In addition, the occurrence of such defects may give rise to product liability claims, including liability for damages caused by such defects if our semiconductors or the consumer products based on them malfunction and result in personal injury or death. Such claims could result in significant costs and expenses relating to damages and attorneys’ fees. Moreover, since the cost of replacing defective semiconductor devices is often much higher than the value of the devices themselves, we may at times face damage claims from customers that are in excess of the amounts paid to us for products, including consequential damages. We may even be named in product liability claims where there is no evidence that our products caused the damage in question. We maintain insurance to protect against certain types of claims associated with the use of our products, but our insurance coverage may not adequately cover any such claims. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in expenditures of funds in connection with litigation and divert management’s time and other resources. We also may incur costs and expenses relating to a recall of one or more of our products. In addition, our products could be subject to recalls directly or indirectly through the recall of products of our customers in which our products may be embedded. The process of identifying recalled products that have been widely distributed may be lengthy and require significant resources, and we may incur significant replacement costs, contract damage claims from our customers, and significant harm to our reputation. The occurrence of these problems could result in the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products and could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We depend on third-party suppliers for many of the components used in our products, and in the event of a disruption in our supply chain, any efforts to develop alternative supply sources may take longer to take effect than anticipated.
We currently rely on third party suppliers, including suppliers outside the United States, for many of the components and materials used in our products. We cannot be sure that these suppliers will remain in business. Our reliance on offshore suppliers subjects us to a number of risks that include, among other things:
Our reliance on U.S. and non-U.S. suppliers to secure parts, components and sub-systems used in our products also exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials and services. In some instances, we depend upon a single source of supply, manufacturing, services support or assembly or we may be subject to specific procurement requirements that limit the types of materials we use, which may further limit the suppliers and subcontractors we may utilize. Although the components and materials we require may be available from other suppliers, any attempt to transition our supply arrangement to one or more other suppliers could entail expense and could lead to delays in production. If we are unable to arrange for sufficient supply of the components and materials we require, we may encounter difficulty in meeting customer requirements or increases in our operating costs which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Inflation and unfavorable global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the global financial markets, including conditions that are outside of our control, such as the impact of health and safety concerns, recent and ongoing price inflation in the United States, foreign and domestic government sanctions, and other disruptions to global supply chains. A severe or prolonged economic downturn, whether due to inflationary pressures or otherwise, could result in a variety of risks to our business, including weakened demand for our products, or the inability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. A weak or declining economy could strain our suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption, or cause delays in payments for our products by our customers. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate all the ways in which the current economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact us. If inflation increases, we may not be able to adjust prices sufficiently to offset the effect without negatively impacting our gross margin.
Furthermore, sustained uncertainty about, or worsening of, geopolitical tensions could result in a global economic slowdown and long-term changes to global trade. Any or all of these factors could negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth.
If we are unable to manage expected growth in the scale and complexity of our operations, our performance may suffer.
If we are successful in executing our business strategy, we will need to expand our managerial, operational, financial, and other systems and resources to manage our operations, continue our research and development activities, and, in the longer term, build a commercial infrastructure to support the commercialization of any of our products. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of our management. Our management, finance, development personnel, systems, and facilities currently in place may not be adequate to support this future growth. We need to effectively manage our operations, growth, and controls, and we continue to develop more robust business processes and improve our systems and procedures in each of these areas and to attract and retain enough numbers of talented employees. We may be unable to successfully implement these tasks on a larger scale, and, accordingly, may not achieve our growth goals.
Our failure to comply with the laws and regulations to which we are subject could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Our technology and products are subject to export control and import laws and regulations. The failure to comply with any applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, fines, damages, civil or criminal penalties, or injunctions. Complying with import/export control and sanctions regulations may limit where, and with whom, we may do business. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and financial resources.
Changes to trade policy, tariffs and import/export regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in global political, regulatory, and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development, and investment in the territories or countries where we may purchase, manufacture, or sell our products or conduct our business could adversely affect our business. In recent years, the United States has instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include export control restrictions, the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the United States, increased economic sanctions on individuals, corporations, or countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the United States and other countries where we conduct our business or plan to conduct business. A number of other nations have proposed or instituted similar measures directed at trade with the United States in response. As a result of these developments, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade that could adversely affect our business. It may be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations to adapt to or comply with any such changes, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our future success depends on our ability to retain key employees, and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
Our future depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain key personnel, including engineers, technicians, machinists, and management personnel. For example, our research and development efforts rely on hiring and retaining qualified engineers. Competition for highly skilled engineers is extremely intense, and we may face difficulty in identifying and hiring qualified engineers in many areas of our business. Additionally, our future hinges on the continued contributions of our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel, each of whom would be challenging to replace. We do not maintain a key person life insurance policy on our chairman of the board, our chief executive officer, or our president and chief financial officer. The loss of the services of one or more of our senior executive officers or key personnel, or the inability to continue to attract qualified personnel, could potentially delay product development cycles or otherwise materially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We are dependent upon our officers and directors, and their loss could adversely affect our ability to operate.
Our operations are dependent upon a relatively small group of individuals and, in particular, our officers and directors. We believe that our success depends on the continued service of our officers and directors. None of our directors are required to commit any specified amount of time to our affairs and, accordingly, will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time among various business activities. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of our directors or officers could have a detrimental effect on the business.
We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business and share price.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses are as follows:
These material weaknesses contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:
These material weaknesses resulted in adjustments to revenue, accrued expenses, general and administrative expenses, inventory, costs of products sold, the accounting for and classification of redeemable convertible preferred stock, founders preferred and common stock, stock-based compensation expense, other current assets, income tax expense and deferred tax liabilities, as well as the purchase price allocation for the business combination, as of and for the years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; adjustments to stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and the PIPE make-whole liability, as well as the purchase price allocations for our business combinations as of and for the interim periods ended December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024, and as of and for the year ended September 30, 2024; and, an adjustment to the number of shares of our Class B Common Stock reported as issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025.
Additionally, these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
We are working to remediate the material weaknesses as efficiently and effectively as possible. At this time, we cannot provide an estimate of costs expected to be incurred in connection with implementing this remediation plan; however, these remediation measures will be time consuming, will result in us incurring significant costs and will place significant demands on our financial and operational resources.
While we are designing and implementing measures to remediate our existing material weaknesses, we cannot predict the success of such measures or the outcome of our assessment of these measures at this time. We can give no assurance that these measures will remediate any of the deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, or that we will not identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business, personnel, IT systems and applications, or other factors. Any failure to design or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could increase compliance costs, negatively impact share trading prices, or otherwise harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud. If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses, our ability to record, process, summarize and report information within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC could be adversely affected, which, in turn, may adversely affect our reputation and business and the market price of our Class A Common Stock. In addition, any such failures could result in litigation or regulatory actions by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, loss of investor confidence, delisting of our securities and harm to our reputation and financial condition, or diversion of financial and management resources from the operation of our business.
As a public company, we are required to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, or a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, in which case our independent registered public accounting firm could not issue an unqualified opinion related to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. If we continue to conclude that we have ineffective internal control over financial reporting and our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to issue an unqualified opinion related to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.
Our business could suffer in the event of a security breach involving our IT systems, intellectual property or other proprietary or confidential information.
We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex information technology applications, systems, and networks to conduct our business. The reliability and security of our information technology infrastructure and software, as well as our ability to expand and continually update technologies in response to changing needs, are critical to our operations. Any significant interruption in these applications, systems, or networks - such as new system implementations, computer viruses, cyberattacks, security breaches, facility issues, or energy blackouts - could result in misappropriation of our intellectual property or other proprietary or confidential information and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business also depends on various outsourced IT services. We rely on third-party vendors to provide critical services and to adequately address cybersecurity threats to their own systems. Any failure of third-party systems and services to operate effectively could disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Instituting and defending against intellectual property or other types of litigation and administrative proceedings could cause us to spend substantial resources, distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities, and have uncertain outcomes.
We have in the past been, are currently, and may in the future be involved in actual and threatened litigation, regulatory proceedings, and commercial or contractual disputes that may be significant. These matters may include, without limitation, disputes with suppliers and customers, competitors, intellectual property disputes, government investigations, and stockholder litigation. In such matters, government agencies or private parties may seek to recover very large, indeterminate amounts of monetary damages or penalties from us, including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages. These types of litigation and proceedings could require significant management time and attention or could involve substantial legal liability. They could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and financial position, and our established reserves or our available insurance may not sufficiently mitigate this impact.
Some of our potential customers, including those in the military and aerospace industries, may require us to comply with additional regulatory requirements, which will increase our compliance costs.
Some of our potential customers, including those in the military and aerospace industries, may require us to comply with additional regulatory requirements. These additional regulations may impose added costs on our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We could be adversely affected by violations of applicable anti-corruption laws or violations of our internal policies designed to ensure ethical business practices.
We are subject to the risk that we, our U.S. employees or employees located in other jurisdictions or any third parties that we engage to do work on our behalf in foreign countries may take action determined to be in violation of anti-corruption laws in any jurisdiction in which we conduct business, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (the “FCPA”). Any violation of the FCPA or any similar anti-corruption law or regulation could result in substantial fines, sanctions, civil and/or criminal penalties and curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions and might adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, we have internal ethics policies that we require our employees to comply with in order to ensure that our business is conducted in a manner that our management deems appropriate. If these anti-corruption laws or internal policies were to be violated, our reputation and operations could also be substantially harmed.
Our intellectual property applications, including patent and trademark applications, may not be issued or granted or may take longer than expected to result in an issuance or grant, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights.
We have a number of patents and pending patent applications for our business. In addition, we have had both registered trademarks and pending trademark applications. We cannot be certain that our applications for patent and trademark protection will be successful, and even if issued or granted, we cannot guarantee that such patents or trademarks will provide meaningful protection of our intellectual property. In addition, we may not be able to file and/or prosecute all necessary or desirable applications for intellectual property registrations at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner or pursue or obtain protection in all relevant markets, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on our intellectual property, and our failure to protect that intellectual property could adversely affect our business.
Our failure to protect our existing intellectual property rights may result in the loss of exclusivity or the right to use our technologies. If we do not adequately ensure our freedom to use certain technology, we may have to pay others for rights to use their intellectual property, pay damages for infringement or misappropriation, and/or be enjoined from using such intellectual property.
We cannot be certain that our technology and products do not or will not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties. If infringement were to occur, our development, manufacturing, sales and distribution of such technology or products may be disrupted.
We rely on patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright law to protect our intellectual property. Our patent position is subject to complex factual and legal issues that may give rise to uncertainty as to the validity, scope and enforceability of a particular patent. Accordingly, we cannot assure that any of the patents we have filed or other patents that third parties license to us will not be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, rendered unenforceable, or licensed to others or that any of our pending or future patent applications will be issued with the breadth of claim coverage we seek, if issued at all.
Effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable, limited or not applied for in certain foreign countries. For instance, it may be difficult for us to enforce certain of our intellectual property rights against third parties who may have inappropriately acquired interests in our intellectual property rights by filing unauthorized trademark applications in foreign countries to register our marks because of their familiarity with our business in the United States.
Some of our proprietary intellectual property is not protected by any patent or patent application, and, despite our precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use such intellectual property without authorization. We have generally sought to protect such proprietary intellectual property in part by confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, inventors’ rights agreements with strategic partners and employees, although such agreements have not been put in place in every instance. We cannot guarantee that these agreements adequately protect our trade secrets and other intellectual property or proprietary rights. In addition, we cannot ensure that these agreements will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach or that such persons or institutions will not assert rights to intellectual property arising out of these relationships. Furthermore, the steps we have taken and may take in the future may not prevent misappropriation of our solutions or technologies, particularly in respect of officers and employees who are no longer employed by us or in foreign countries where laws or law enforcement practices may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
We are subject to state, federal and international privacy and data protection laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to state, federal and international privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations that impose obligations on us in connection with the collection, storage, use, processing, disclosure, protection, transmission, retention and disposal of personal, sensitive, regulated and confidential data. We also may be bound by contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal, confidential and other data. While we strive to comply with all applicable privacy, data protection and information security laws and regulations, as well as our contractual obligations and applicable industry standards, such laws, regulations, obligations and standards continue to evolve and are becoming increasingly complex, which makes compliance challenging and expensive. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, regulations, industry standards or contractual or other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations across various jurisdictions concerning the development and sale of our products, including engagement of employees and contractors.
We develop and sell products that contain electronic components, and such components may contain materials that are subject to government regulation in both the locations where the products are manufactured and assembled, as well as the locations where the products are sold. Since we sell products internationally and intend to significantly increase our sales as we commercialize our semiconductor products, this will be a complex process that will require continuous monitoring of regulations and an ongoing compliance process to ensure that we, and our suppliers and manufacturers, are in compliance with all existing regulations. If there is an unanticipated new regulation that significantly impacts our use of various components or requires more expensive components, that regulation could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In the event that we are unable to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, Nasdaq may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Currently, our Class A Common Stock and the Public Warrants are traded on Nasdaq. However, we cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be listed on Nasdaq in the future. In order to continue listing our securities on Nasdaq, we are required to maintain certain financial, distribution, and stock price levels. We are required to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). On April 28, 2025, we received a delinquency notification letter (the “Notice”) from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) due to the non-compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) as a result of our failure to maintain the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. The Notice stated that, as of its date, the stock price of the Class A Common Stock was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days and gave us 180 calendar days, or until October 27, 2025, to regain compliance by maintaining a closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days (the “Initial Compliance Period”).
On October 24, 2025, we submitted a request to Nasdaq for an additional 180-day period (the “Second Compliance Period”) to provide additional time for us to demonstrate compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On October 29, 2025 we received written notice from Nasdaq (the “Extension Letter”) granting us an extension through April 27, 2026 (the “Extension Deadline”), to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. The Extension Letter has no immediate effect on the Nasdaq listing or trading of our common stock. However, if we fail to timely regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement during the Second Compliance Period our shares will be subject to delisting from Nasdaq.
We are also required to maintain a minimum market capitalization (generally $35 million) and a minimum number of holders of our listed securities (generally 400 public holders). We have been notified by the Staff that we are not compliant with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) as a result of our failure to maintain a minimum Market Value of Listed Securities (“MVLS Requirement”) of $35 million. We have 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the MVLS Requirement. If we fail to timely regain compliance with the MVLS Requirement, Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that our common stock is subject to delisting.
If Nasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Since our Class A Common Stock and our Public Warrants are listed on Nasdaq, they are covered securities. If we are no longer listed on Nasdaq, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.
The market price of our securities is volatile.
The market price of our securities has been and may continue to be volatile. The price of our securities may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control, and investors in our securities may experience decreases in the value of those securities, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our Class A Common Stock is low.
Factors that could cause the market price of our securities to fluctuate or decline include, among others:
In addition, broad market and industry factors, including those unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, may materially and adversely affect the market price of our securities. As a result, you may not be able to resell such securities at or above the price you paid and may lose all or part of your investment.
If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports, or if they publish unfavorable research or reports about our company, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for Class A Common Stock may be influenced by the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. In the event we do have equity research analyst coverage, the information and opinions about our Class A Common Stock that is available to investors may be limited, which could reduce demand for our stock. The price of our stock could decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade the stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one or more equity research analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which, in turn, could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
We are subject to changing laws and regulations regarding corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance and may adversely affect our business, and our results of operations.
We are subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. In particular, we are required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time, and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on our business, and our results of operations.
The dual class structure of our Common Stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with the holders of our Class B Common Stock, most of whom are our directors or management; this may limit your ability to influence corporate matters.
Our Class B Common Stock has ten votes per share and Class A Common Stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B Common Stock, including certain of our executive officers and directors and their affiliates, together hold a substantial portion of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between the Class B Common Stock and the Class A Common Stock, the holders of Class B Common Stock collectively control a substantial portion of the combined voting power of the Common Stock and therefore may be able to significantly influence matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. This may limit the ability of holders of our Class A Common Stock to influence corporate matters.
Transfers by holders of Class B Common Stock will generally result in those shares automatically converting to Class A Common Stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning or charitable purposes. The conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B Common Stock who retain their shares of Class B Common Stock until the automatic conversion of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock on December 21, 2030.
We may become subject to securities or class action litigation, which is expensive and could divert management’s attention.
Our share price may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities litigation, including class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any adverse determination in litigation or any amounts paid to settle any such actual or threatened litigation could require that we make significant payments and/or could also subject us to significant liabilities.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company,” and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, our securities could be less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions and relief from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” In particular, while we are an “emerging growth company,” we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be exempt from any rules that could be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotations or requiring a supplement to the auditor’s report on financial statements, we will be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and we will not be required to hold non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the initial public offering of Chavant, which occurred on July 19, 2021, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
The exact implications of the JOBS Act are subject to interpretation and guidance by the SEC and other regulatory agencies, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to take advantage of all of the benefits of the JOBS Act. In addition, investors may find the Class A Common Stock less attractive to the extent we rely on the exemptions and relief granted by the JOBS Act. If some investors find the Class A Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the Class A Common Stock and our stock price may decline or become more volatile.
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (ii) the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter and our annual revenue in the most recent fiscal year completed before the last business day of such second fiscal quarter exceeded $100 million. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.
Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gains and you may never receive a return on your investment.
You should not rely on an investment in the Class A Common Stock to provide dividend income. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt agreements we may elect to utilize are likely to preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of the Class A Common Stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our Class A Common Stock.
Future sales of our Class A Common Stock may cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
The percentage of shares of Class A Common Stock owned by current stockholders will likely be diluted because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions, or otherwise, including, without limitation, equity awards that we may grant to our directors, officers, and employees, exercise of warrants or meeting the conditions triggering the issuance of the Earnout Shares and conversion of Class B Common Stock. These issuances will have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, which could adversely affect the market price of Class A Common Stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock and may make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares of our Class A Common Stock at a time and price that investors deem appropriate. In October 2025, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Manager”) under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, up to $15.8 million in shares of our Class A Common Stock through the Manager acting in its capacity as our sales agent.
On April 16, 2024 and March 28, 2025, we filed registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act with the SEC to register shares of our Class A Common Stock that may be issued under our equity incentive plans from time to time, as well as any shares of our Class A Common Stock underlying outstanding options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that have been granted or promised to our directors, executive officers and other employees, all of which are subject to time-based vesting conditions. Shares registered under these registration statements will be available for sale in the public market upon issuance subject to vesting arrangements and exercise of options, as well as Rule 144 in the case of our affiliates.
Furthermore, we have filed registration statements (the “Resale Registration Statements”) registering the resale of up to 41,279,262 shares of Class A Common Stock, which also includes shares issuable under outstanding convertible securities including outstanding warrants, options and shares of our Class B Common Stock, by certain of our stockholders. Sales of our Class A Common Stock as restrictions end or pursuant to registration rights may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause the trading price of our Class A Common Stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of Class A Common Stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.
Moreover, continuous sales of a substantial number of our shares of Class A Common Stock in the public market pursuant to the Resale Registration Statements, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our securities. The frequency of such sales could cause the market price of our securities to decline or increase the volatility in the market price of our securities.
We are unable to predict the effect that these sales, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, may have on the prevailing market price of our Class A Common Stock. If holders of these shares sell, or indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of our Class A Common Stock in the public market, the trading price of our Class A Common Stock could decline significantly and make it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the future.
The outstanding warrants are exercisable for Class A Common Stock, and, if exercised, would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and would result in dilution to our stockholders.
As of September 30, 2025, we have warrants outstanding, which are exercisable to purchase an aggregate of 25,085,732 shares of our Class A Common Stock for prices ranging from $0.01 to $5.79 per share (subject to adjustments as set forth in the applicable warrants). To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of Class A Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of Class A Common Stock and will increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of Class A Common Stock.
Our Charter and Bylaws provide for an exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, and that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act.
Our Certificate of Incorporation as amended (the “Charter”) and Bylaws provide, that: (i) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware) will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or employee of us to us or the stockholders, (c) any civil action to interpret, apply or enforce any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, (d) any civil action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the provisions of the Charter or the Bylaws or (e) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases, subject to the court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants, provided, however, that the foregoing would not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act; (ii) unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, provided, however, that the foregoing will not apply to any action asserting claims under the Exchange Act; (iii) any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of us will be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions; and (iv) failure to enforce the foregoing provisions would cause us irreparable harm, and it would be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance, to enforce the foregoing provisions. Nothing in our Charter or Bylaws precludes stockholders that assert claims under the Exchange Act from bringing such claims in federal court to the extent that the Exchange Act confers exclusive federal jurisdiction over such claims, subject to applicable law. The choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our current or former director, officer or other employee, which may discourage such claims.
Delaware law and provisions in the Charter and the Bylaws could make a takeover proposal more difficult.
Certain provisions of the Charter, the Bylaws, and laws of the State of Delaware could discourage, delay, defer, or prevent a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or other change of control transaction that a stockholder may consider favorable, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for our Class A Common Stock. Among other things, the Charter and Bylaws include provisions that:
These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of our company or changes in the Board and our management.
As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the DGCL, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of outstanding Class A Common Stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of the Class A Common Stock. Any provision of our Charter or Bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of Class A Common Stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for Class A Common Stock.
We may redeem your unexpired Public Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby rendering your warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding Public Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant, provided that the closing price of our Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $9.06 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, and the like, and for certain issuances of Class A Common Stock and equity-linked securities for capital-raising purposes) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period commencing once the Public Warrants become exercisable and ending on the third trading day prior to proper notice of such redemption and provided that certain other conditions are met on the date we give notice of redemption. We will not redeem the Public Warrants unless an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants is effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A Common Stock is available throughout the 30-day redemption period, except if the Public Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and such cashless exercise is exempt from warrant registration under the Securities Act. If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.
Redemption of the outstanding Public Warrants could force you to (i) exercise your Public Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your Public Warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Public Warrants, or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price, which, at the time the outstanding Public Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Public Warrants. None of the Public Warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.
We may amend the terms of the Public Warrants in a manner that may be adverse to warrant holders. As a result, the exercise price of your Public Warrants could be increased, the Public Warrants could be converted into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), the exercise period could be shortened, and the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Public Warrant could be decreased, all without the approval of a warrant holder.
The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision but requires the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Public Warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of Public Warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the Public Warrants in a manner adverse to a holder of Public Warrants if holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding Public Warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the Public Warrants with the consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding Public Warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the Public Warrants, convert the Public Warrants into cash or shares, shorten the exercise period, or decrease the number of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Public Warrant.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
We currently maintain customary cybersecurity tools intended to prevent or detect unauthorized access to our information technology (“IT”) networks and applications as well as to mitigate the risk of common cybersecurity threats. We continue to develop and implement additional processes, including those intended to follow an internal IT Security Policy, which will seek to assess, identify, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our IT systems and information that we create, use, transmit, receive, and maintain in our business. We will seek to integrate these processes and policies into an overall enterprise risk management process. We expect our processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, including threats associated with our use of third-partyservice providers, will include our efforts to identify the relevant assets that could be affected, determine possible threat sources and threat events, assess threats based on their potential likelihood and impact, and identify controls that are in place, or necessary, to manage and/or mitigate such risks.
We may not currently be sufficiently protected against cybersecurity risks. Our existing resources may be insufficient to adequately protect us against, or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability from, cybersecurity incidents. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have material adverse consequences on our operations, business strategy or financial condition.
In the event of a cybersecurity incident affecting us, we would assess any potential unauthorized attempts to access our IT systems or similar events that may adversely affect the availability or integrity of our IT systems or the security and confidentiality of the data we create, use, transmit, receive, and maintain in our business. Our management team would develop an incident response plan and report to the board of directors on our incident response plan for addressing and mitigating risks associated with such an incident.
Primary responsibility for assessing cybersecurity risks rests with our audit committee of the Board, who work together with our management team, including our chief executive officer and our president and chief financial officer to manage cybersecurity risk.
To date, we have not experienced any cybersecurity threats or incidents that have materially affected our operations, business strategy or financial condition.
Item 2. Properties
The following table lists our principal properties, each of which is leased. We believe that our current facilities are sufficient to support our operations and growth plans and that additional space, if needed, will be available on commercially reasonable terms.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we have been, and may continue to be, subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits and other proceedings may range in complexity and result in substantial uncertainty, damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions or other relief. However, we do not believe any such claims, lawsuits, or proceedings currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, would be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition or cash flows.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our Class A Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and our public warrants (the “Public Warrants”) are listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “MOBX” and “MOBXW,” respectively.
Our Class B Common Stock is not listed on any market or exchange.
Holders of Common Stock
As of November 30, 2025, there were 64,308,034 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding held of record by 245 holders, 2,004,901 shares of our Class B Common Stock outstanding held of record by five holders and Public Warrants to purchase 6,000,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding held of record by one holder. The number of record holders does not include The Depository Trust Company participants or beneficial owners holding shares or Public Warrants through banks, brokers, other financial institutions or other nominees.
Dividend Policy
We have never paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition from time to time. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the Board. Currently we expect that we will retain any earnings for use in our business operations and, accordingly, we do not expect that the Board will declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following list sets forth information as to all of our securities sold during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 that were not registered under the Securities Act, and were not previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
On July 1, 2025, we issued 250,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to one of the holders of our outstanding warrants upon that holder’s exercise pursuant to a cashless exercise provision. The warrant had an exercise price of $0.01 per share.
On July 10, 2025, we issued 100,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to one of our consultants pursuant to a consulting agreement.
On July 14, 2025, we issued 26,136 shares of Class A Common Stock to one of our vendors in settlement of accounts payable in the amount of $21 thousand.
On September 23, 2025, we issued 100,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to one of our investors pursuant to a side letter agreement.
No underwriting discounts and commissions were paid with respect to the foregoing transactions. We believe the sales and issuances of the above securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder because the issuance of securities to the recipients did not involve a public offering,
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, intentions, and projections. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those described in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section and the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements as well as the risks and uncertainties set forth in our other SEC filings to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements.
All amounts in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are in thousands, except numbers of shares and per share amounts.
Overview
We design, develop and sell components and systems for advanced wireless and wired connectivity, radio frequency (“RF”), switching and electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) filtering technologies. Our solutions are used in the defense, aerospace, commercial, industrial and other markets. To enhance our product portfolio, we also intend to pursue acquisitions of companies with existing revenue which can be scaled, and which possess technologies that accelerate the speed, accessibility, and efficiency of disruptive or more efficient communications solutions, and which will also allow us to expand into strategically aligned industries. Our wireless systems solutions include products for advanced RF and millimeter wave (“mmWave”) 5G communications, mmWave imaging, software defined radio and custom RF integrated circuits (“ICs”) targeting the defense, aerospace, commercial and industrial sectors. Our interconnect products, including EMI filter inserts and filtered and non-filtered connectors, are designed for and are currently used in aerospace, military, defense and medical applications. These innovative technologies are designed for large and rapidly growing markets where there is increasing demand for higher performance communication and filtering systems which utilize an expanding mix of both wireless and connectivity technologies.
On December 21, 2023, we consummated the merger pursuant to the business combination agreement, dated November 15, 2022 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Chavant, CLAY Merger Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed, wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (“Merger Sub”), and Mobix Labs, Inc. (“Legacy Mobix”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Mobix, with Legacy Mobix surviving the merger as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (together with the other transactions related thereto, the “Merger”). In connection with the consummation of the Merger (the “Closing”), Chavant changed its name from “Chavant Capital Acquisition Corp.” to “Mobix Labs, Inc.” (the “Company”) and Legacy Mobix changed its name from “Mobix Labs, Inc.” to “Mobix Labs Operations, Inc.”
Throughout this discussion, unless otherwise noted or otherwise suggested by context, all references to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Legacy Mobix prior to the consummation of the Merger, and to the Company and its subsidiaries after the consummation of the Merger.
We were founded with the goal of simplifying the development and maximizing the performance of mmWave wireless products by designing and developing high performance system-level solutions used for signal processing applications in wireless products. Since our inception, our corporate strategy has evolved to encompass the pursuit of acquisitions serving diverse industry sectors, including aerospace, military, defense, medical and high reliability (“HiRel”) technology, as part of our commitment to enhancing communication services. We have developed and/or acquired an extensive intellectual property (“IP”) portfolio comprised of patents and trade secrets that are critical to commercializing our communication products and communications technologies. In leveraging our proprietary technology, we aim to scale the growth of revenue for our products by serving large and rapidly growing markets where we believe there are increasing demands for higher performance communication technologies, including both wireless and wired connectivity systems. We are actively pursuing customer engagements with manufacturers of wireless communications, aerospace, military, defense, medical and HiRel products.
Recent Developments
At the Market Offering Agreement
On October 21, 2025, we entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Manager”) under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, up to $15,800 in shares of our Class A Common Stock through the Manager acting in its capacity as our sales agent.
Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, sales of the Common Stock, if any, will be made under our effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284351), previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 17, 2025 and declared effective on January 24, 2025, and the prospectus supplement relating to this offering for up to $15,800 in shares of its Common Stock, filed on October 21, 2025 by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including privately negotiated and block transactions. The Manager will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market to sell the Common Stock from time to time, based upon instructions from us (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions we may impose). We will pay the Manager a commission of three percent of the gross sales proceeds of any Common Stock sold through the Manager under the ATM Agreement, and we have also provided the Manager with customary indemnification rights.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sales of our Common Stock under the ATM Agreement for working capital purposes. The amount and timing of the proceeds we may receive from sales of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including that we are eligible to use the Registration Statement on Form S-3 to sell the shares to the Manager, the numbers of shares we may elect to sell, the timing of such sales and the future market price of our Class A Common stock.
April 2025 Offering
In April 2025, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional accredited investor, pursuant to which we issued 3,850,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock, a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 1,026,860 shares of our Class A Common Stock and common stock warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 4,876,860 shares of our Class A Common Stock (together, the “April 2025 Offering”). The pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and was immediately exercisable. The Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.8202, are currently exercisable and will expire on May 30, 2030. The net proceeds to us from the April 2025 Offering were $3,645, after payment of the placement agent’s fees of $355. During the year ended September 30, 2025, the investor fully exercised the pre-funded warrant, for net proceeds to us of $10. We also issued the placement agent warrants to purchase an aggregate of 682,760 shares of Class A Common Stock. These warrants have an exercise price of $0.8202 per share, are currently exercisable and will expire on April 4, 2030.
In connection with the April 2025 Offering, we amended 5,755,396 then outstanding PIPE Common Warrants to reduce the exercise price from $1.39 per share to $0.8202 per share. We also extended the term of the Series B warrants from January 3, 2026 to April 3, 2026. The term of the Series A Warrants remains unchanged and will expire on January 3, 2030. As a result of the modification of the PIPE Common Warrants, during the year ended September 30, 2025 we recognized a non-cash loss of $493.
Warrant Exercise Inducement
In September 2025, we entered into a warrant exercise inducement offer letter (the “Inducement Letter”) with a holder of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the holder exercised for cash warrants to purchase 5,486,467 shares of Class A Common Stock at $0.8202 per share. We received gross proceeds of approximately $4,500 from the exercise of these warrants. In connection with the warrant exercise inducement, we paid our financial advisor a cash placement fee of $315 and issued the financial advisor warrants to purchase up to 384,053 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.08 per share.
In consideration for the holder’s agreement to exercise the warrants for cash, we agreed to issue to the holder new warrants (the “Inducement Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,229,701 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.08 per share. The Inducement Warrants will become exercisable upon stockholder approval and will expire five years thereafter. We also amended the remaining Series B Warrants, extending their expiration date to April 3, 2030. As a result of these transactions, during the year ended September 30, 2025 we recognized a non-cash loss of $6,458, representing the estimated the fair value of the Inducement Warrants as of the date of issuance, the increase in the estimated fair value of the remaining Series B Warrants resulting from their amendment and the fair value of the warrants issued to the financial advisor.
October 2025 Warrant Amendments
On October 24, 2025, we entered into amendments to certain outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 13,375,490 shares of our Class A Common Stock. The amendments revise certain terms of the warrants with the objective that, under applicable guidance in ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), the amended warrants are expected to be equity-classified financial instruments. The amendments did not affect any terms of the warrants that are inputs into the estimation of the fair value of warrants under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which we use to estimate the fair value of warrants. We evaluated the specific terms of the amended warrants and concluded that each of these warrants meet the derivative scope exception for contracts in our own stock, and are equity-classified instruments for financial accounting purposes. As a result of the amendments to the warrants, during the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025 we expect to remeasure the liability for the amended warrants (having a value $6,859 as of September 30, 2025) to its estimated fair value as of the date of the amendments, and reclassify the resulting balance to stockholders’ equity (deficit) in the consolidated balance sheet. As part of these amendments, we issued an additional warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares our Class A Common Stock on the same terms as the Inducement Warrants. Additional information relating to the warrant amendments can be found in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Other Financing Activities
During the year ended September 30, 2025, we had additional financing activity, principally consisting of borrowings and sales of shares of our Class A Common Stock in private placements. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” below, and our consolidated financial statements for further details.
The Merger
We accounted for the Merger as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, Chavant is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on holders of Legacy Mobix capital stock comprising a majority of the voting power of our common stock upon consummation of the Merger and having the ability to nominate the majority of our board of directors, Legacy Mobix’ senior management comprising our senior management, and Legacy Mobix’ operations comprising our ongoing operations. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, our financial statements represent a continuation of the financial statements of Legacy Mobix with the Merger being treated as the equivalent of Legacy Mobix issuing shares for the net assets of Chavant, accompanied by a recapitalization. We recognized the net assets of Chavant as of the Closing at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Our operations prior to the Merger are presented as those of Legacy Mobix and the accumulated deficit of Legacy Mobix has been carried forward after Closing. All issued and outstanding securities of Chavant at the time of the Closing were treated as issuances of securities by us upon the consummation of the Merger.
As a result of the Merger, we raised gross proceeds of $21,014, including the contribution of $1,264 of cash held in Chavant’s trust account and the $19,750 private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) at $10.00 per share of Chavant’s Class A Common Stock. Our Class A Common Stock and Public Warrants (“Public Warrants”) began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “MOBX” and “MOBXW,” respectively, on December 22, 2023.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Year Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
Net Revenue
We derive our net revenue primarily from product sales to equipment manufacturers. We recognize product revenue when we satisfy performance obligations under the terms of our contracts and upon transfer of control when title transfers (either upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, as determined by the contractual shipping terms of the contract), net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances (which were not material for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024). Sales and other taxes we collect, if any, are excluded from net revenue. We include shipping and handling fees we bill to customers as part of net revenue. We include shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight in cost of product revenue.
We derive services revenue from engineering services, principally for the research, development or design of wireless systems solutions. Our contracts with our customers generally contain a single distinct performance obligation, to provide research or design services for products based on the customer’s specifications. We recognize revenue for engineering services over time as we deliver the services on an input basis, using costs incurred as the measure of progress. Costs incurred represent the most reliable measure of transfer of control to the customer. We defer the recognition of revenue for any amounts billed or received prior to delivery of the services.
Our net revenue fluctuates based on a variety of factors, including the timing of the receipt of product orders or contracts from our customers, product mix, competition, global economic conditions, and other factors.
Product revenue was $5,996 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $5,890 for the year ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $106 or 2%. The increase principally reflects the inclusion of sales of our wireless systems solutions and our interconnect products in our net revenue for all of fiscal year 2025. We acquired our wireless systems solutions in our May 2024 acquisition of RaGE Systems and we acquired our interconnect products in our December 2023 acquisition of EMI Solutions. For the year ended September 30, 2024, these products are only included in our net revenues from the respective dates of the acquisition. The impact of these acquisitions was partly offset by lower sales of active optical cables.
Services revenue was $3,916 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $552 for the year ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $3,364 or 609%. The increase principally reflects the inclusion of services revenues for wireless systems solutions in our net revenue for all of fiscal year 2025. We acquired our wireless systems solutions in our May 2024 acquisition of RaGE Systems. For the year ended September 30, 2024, these products are only included in our net revenues from the date of the acquisition.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of product revenue consists of materials, direct labor, contract manufacturing services, inbound freight, amortization of acquired developed technology, inventory obsolescence charges and other product-related costs. Cost of product revenue also includes overhead costs for the manufacture or sourcing of products, including facility costs and depreciation.
Cost of services revenue principally consists of employee compensation and benefits of employees engaged in the delivery of engineering services, along with any related materials, equipment, supplies or other costs to perform a contract.
Cost of product revenue was $3,563 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $3,752 for the year ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $189 or 5%. The change principally reflects a shift in product mix toward our wireless systems solutions and lower sales of active optical cables.
Cost of service revenue was $1,342 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $138 for the year ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $1,204 or 872%. The change principally reflects the inclusion of service revenues for our wireless systems solutions in our net revenue for all of fiscal year 2025, as discussed above under “Net Revenue.”
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses represent costs of our product design and development activities, including employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation), outside services, design tools, supplies, facility costs, depreciation and amortization of acquired developed technology. We expense all research and development costs as incurred.
Research and development expenses were $2,419 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $5,779 for the year ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $3,360 or 58%. The decrease principally reflects lower employee compensation and benefits, lower costs for outside services and lower stock-based compensation expense resulting from the headcount reductions and other cost reduction actions we completed during the first six months of our fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. The decrease also reflects lower write-offs of tooling for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year. These decreases were slightly offset by increased research and development costs in EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems, which we acquired during the year ended September 30, 2024.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation) of executive and administrative staff including human resources, accounting, information technology, sales and marketing, outside professional and legal fees, insurance, advertising and promotional programs, travel and entertainment, and facility costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $39,556 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $41,835 for the year ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $2,279 or 5%. The decrease principally reflects lower costs for outside services, lower costs for compensation and benefits and lower costs for estimated amounts payable under the RaGE Earnout in connection with our acquisition of RaGE Systems. These decreases were partially offset by higher stock-based compensation expense and the addition of selling, general and administrative expenses of the businesses we acquired during fiscal 2024.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In March 2025, we vacated a leased 19,436 square foot office in Irvine, California and in April 2025 the lease was terminated. As a result, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized an impairment loss of $725 to reduce the carrying value of this asset group to its estimated fair value. See Note 11—Leases, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, as a result of declining sales of AOCs and strategic decisions on investment across our product groups, we tested the related long-lived assets for possible impairment. Based on our test, we concluded that the carrying value of the AOCs asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, and we recorded an impairment charge of $1,333 to write down the carrying value of the long-lived assets (consisting of developed technology and customer relationships). We estimated the fair value of the AOC asset group using a discounted cash flow model.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists of cash and non-cash interest on our related and unrelated party promissory notes and notes payable.
Interest expense was $2,325 for the year ended September 30, 2025 compared to $1,582 for the year ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $743 or 47%. The increase principally reflects higher outstanding borrowings and higher interest rates on borrowings outstanding during the year ended September 30, 2025.
Change in Fair Value of Earnout Liability
In connection with the Merger, certain Legacy Mobix stockholders and certain holders of Legacy Mobix stock options will be entitled to receive an additional aggregate 3,500,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock based on the achievement of trading price targets following the Closing over a seven-year earnout period. We account for the Earnout Shares as liability-classified instruments because the events that determine the number of Earnout Shares to which the earnout recipients will be entitled include events that are not solely indexed to our common stock, and we remeasure the earnout liability to its estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period. Additional information relating to the earnout liability can be found in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
We estimated the fair value of the earnout liability as of the Closing of the Merger at $33,559. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the conditions for the issuance of any Earnout Shares had been achieved and we adjusted the carrying amount of the earnout liability to its estimated fair value of $1,240 and $1,680, respectively. As a result of decreases in the fair value of the liability, which were primarily the result of decreases in the price of our Class A Common Stock subsequent to the Closing, we recognized non-cash gains of $440 and $31,879 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The fair value of the earnout liability is based on a number of factors, including changes in the market price of our Class A Common Stock. We have experienced significant fluctuations in the market price of our Class A Common Stock in the period subsequent to the Closing, and may experience significant fluctuations in the future. Such price fluctuations will increase or decrease the value of the earnout liability, and we may be required to recognize losses or gains in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss, the amounts of which may be material.
Change in Fair Value of Warrants
We evaluated all common stock warrants at the time of issuance (or at the Closing, if later) and concluded that certain warrants do not meet the derivative scope exception. Specifically, these warrants contain provisions that affect their settlement amounts which are not inputs into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on equity shares. Therefore, these warrants are not considered indexed to our common stock and must be classified as liabilities. At their respective dates of issuance (or, in the case of the Private Warrants, at the Closing), we recognized a liability for each of the warrants in the amount of its estimated fair value. We subsequently adjusted the carrying amount of the liability for each warrant to its estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 (or through the warrants’ respective dates of exercise, if earlier).
As a result of changes in the fair value of the warrants, for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized net non-cash gains of $804 and $1,415, respectively, which are included in “Change in fair value of warrants” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See Note 15, Warrants and Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
Change in Fair Value of PIPE Make-Whole Liability
In connection with the Merger, we agreed to issue additional shares of our Class A Common Stock to the holders of 2,454,737 shares of our Class A Common Stock in the event that the volume-weighted average price per share of our Class A Common Stock during a specified period is less than $10.00 per share. In such a case, we would be obligated to issue up to 1,052,030 additional shares of our Class A Common Stock. We accounted for the make-whole shares as liability-classified instruments because the events that determined the number of make-whole shares we were ultimately obligated to issue were not solely indexed to our common stock and we remeasured the PIPE make-whole liability to its estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period. Additional information relating to the PIPE make-whole liability can be found in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein.
We estimated the fair value of the PIPE make-whole liability as of the Closing of the Merger at $2,071. In August 2024, we settled the PIPE make-whole liability through the issuance of 1,052,029 shares of our Class A Common Stock having a fair value of $1,241 at the time of settlement. As a result of the change in the fair value of the PIPE make-whole liability subsequent to the Closing, we recognized a non-cash gain of $830 for the year ended September 30, 2024.
Financing Costs Expensed
For the year ended September 30, 2025, financing costs expensed of $7,266 principally consisted of costs associated with the September 2025 warrant exercise inducement, including the estimated the fair value of the Inducement Warrants as of the date of issuance, the increase in the estimated fair value of the remaining Series B Warrants resulting from their amendment and the fair value of the warrants issued and fees paid to the financial advisor. Financing costs expensed also includes costs associated with the April 2025 Offering.
For the year ended September 30, 2024, financing costs expensed of $2,894 consisted of the excess of the fair value of warrants issued in the Private Placement over the gross proceeds received, the fair value of the Placement Agent Warrants issued and the cash fees paid to the placement agent.
Other Non-Operating Losses, Net
For the year ended September 30, 2025, other non-operating losses, net of $84 principally consisted of net losses on the settlement of notes payable and other liabilities in shares of our Class A Common Stock.
For the year ended September 30, 2024, other non-operating losses, net of $1,707 principally consisted of commitment and other fees of $1,577 incurred in connection with the committed equity facility.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the results of operations in the period the new laws are enacted. We record a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying amounts of our deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized.
For the year ended September 30, 2025, our income tax provision of $7 differs from an amount calculated based on statutory tax rates principally due to our recording a valuation allowance against the net operating losses we generated during the period. We did not recognize any tax benefit related to our pretax book loss of $46,124 because we did not expect that the deferred tax asset arising from our net operating losses would be realized in the future.
For the year ended September 30, 2024, we recognized an income tax benefit of $2,429. In connection with our acquisitions of EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems, we recognized additional deferred tax liabilities of $2,666 associated with acquired intangible assets. Based on the availability of these tax attributes, we determined that we expect to realize a greater portion of our existing deferred tax assets and for the year ended September 30, 2024 we recognized income tax benefits of $2,432, principally resulting from reductions of the valuation allowance previously recorded against our deferred tax assets.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary use of cash is to fund operating expenses, working capital requirements, debt service obligations, capital expenditures and other investments.
We have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows as a result of our ongoing investment in product development and other operating expenses we incur. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows from operations associated with research and development expenses, selling, general, and administrative expenses and capital expenditures necessary to expand our operations, product offerings, and customer base with the ultimate goals of growing our business and achieving profitability in the future.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flows for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
Operating Activities
For the year ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $10,113, which included the impact of our net loss of $46,131, offset by net non-cash charges of $34,648 and net decreases in working capital items of $1,370. The net non-cash charges principally consisted of stock-based compensation expense of $25,619, non-cash charges of $6,458 related to the warrant exercise inducement, $2,058 of depreciation and amortization expense and a $725 loss on the impairment of long-lived assets. The net working capital decrease principally consisted of decreases in accounts receivable and inventory.
For the year ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $18,388, which included the impact of our net loss of $20,034 and net non-cash credits of $3,206, partly offset by net decreases in working capital items of $4,852. The net non-cash credits principally consisted of the $31,879 gain on the change in fair value of the earnout liability, a deferred income tax benefit of $2,432 and $1,415 of non-cash gains from the change in the fair value of liability-classified warrants. These non-cash credits were partially offset by stock-based compensation expense of $21,383, $4,009 of Merger related transaction costs, $2,894 of non-cash private placement costs, $2,015 of depreciation and amortization expense and impairment of long-lived assets of $1,333. The net working capital decrease principally consists of an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, partly offset by an increase in accounts receivable.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities of $1 for the year ended September 30, 2025 consisted of proceeds from the sale of property and equipment, almost entirely offset by payments for the acquisition of property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities of $1,108 for the year ended September 30, 2024 consisted of payments for the acquisition EMI Solutions and RaGE, net of acquired cash, and payments of $44 for the acquisition of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended September 30, 2025 of $13,119 consisted of $3,645 in proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants in the April 2025 Offering, proceeds of $4,520 from the exercise of warrants to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock (including $4,500 from the warrant exercise inducement), $1,600 from the issuance of common stock and $5,317 in proceeds under agreements for the purchase and sale of future receipts and the issuance of notes payable. These amounts were partially offset by principal payments on notes payable of $1,789 (including payments of $574 on notes payable—related parties) and the payment of deferred consideration of $174 for the acquisition of a business.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended September 30, 2024 of $19,673 consisted of the $21,014 proceeds from the merger and PIPE, $3,529 in proceeds from the issuance of common stock, $3,585 proceeds from the sale of warrants in a private placement, $1,648 in proceeds from issuance of notes payable and convertible notes (including $450 from notes payable—related parties) and proceeds of $229 from the exercise of stock options and warrants. These amounts were partially offset by the payment of merger-related transaction costs of $6,946, principal payments of $3,212 on notes payable (including payments of $1,463 on notes payable—related parties) and the payment of deferred consideration of $174 for the acquisition of a business.
Liquidity
As of September 30, 2025, our cash balance was $3,273 compared to $266 at September 30, 2024. We had a working capital deficit of $21,071 as of September 30, 2025 compared to a working capital deficit of $20,836 at September 30, 2024.
In addition to cash on hand, our capital resources also include our ability to sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, up to $15,800 in shares of our Class A Common Stock under the ATM Agreement. However, the amount and timing of the proceeds we may receive, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including that we are eligible to use the Registration Statement on Form S-3 to sell the shares, the numbers of shares we may elect to sell, the timing of such sales and the future market price of our Class A Common stock.
On January 6, 2026, we entered into certain securities purchase agreements with unrelated investors relating to a public offering of 30,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at a price to the public of $0.20 per share (the “Offering”). In connection with the Offering, we entered into a placement agency agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to pay the placement agent a cash placement fee equal to 8.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the Offering. Subject to certain conditions, we also agreed to reimburse the placement agent up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds raised in the Offering for non-accountable expenses and up to $100 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses. We also agreed to indemnify the placement agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments that the placement agent may be required to make in respect of those liabilities. The net proceeds to us from the Offering were approximately $5,135, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us.
As of September 30, 2025, our debt consists of notes payable with an aggregate principal amount of $6,185 (including 7% promissory notes—related parties with an aggregate principal amount of $2,251), of which two notes having an aggregate principal amount of $225 have reached their maturity dates are currently due. We repaid one of these notes in October 2025. Of the remaining notes payable, an aggregate principal amount of $4,861 is due within one year, and the remainder is payable at various dates through May 2027. Certain notes payable having an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $5,240 require weekly or monthly payments, the gross amount of which (including interest and finance charges) totals approximately $895 per month as of September 30, 2025. The remainder of the notes payable do not require principal payments prior to maturity.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, we agreed to settle the outstanding principal and accrued interest balance of three notes payable, totaling $661, in exchange for 798,680 shares of our Class A Common Stock. We recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $300, which is included in “Other non-operating losses, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Our total liabilities as of September 30, 2025 were $37,449 compared to $33,558 as of September 30, 2024. The increase in our total liabilities is principally due to increased borrowings and the issuance of additional liability-classified warrants during the year ended September 30, 2025. Our total liabilities as of September 30, 2025 include $6,859 for liability-classified warrants and $1,240 for the earnout liability which we do not anticipate settling in cash. The Business Combination Agreement relating to the Merger provides that settlement of the earnout liability is through the issuance of shares of our Class A Common Stock.
Other commitments include (i) non-cancelable operating leases for equipment, office facilities and other property containing future minimum lease payments totaling $407 payable over the next two years, (ii) unpaid commitment and other fees of $1,553 payable in connection with the committed equity facility, (iii) deferred purchase consideration of $2,323 related to our acquisitions of EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems which is currently payable, and (iv) potential payments of up to $4,000 under the RaGE Earnout, payable in March 2026, as described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Going Concern
We incurred losses from operations of $37,693 and $46,395 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $150,588. We have historically financed our operations through the issuance and sale of equity securities and the issuance of debt. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future and will need to raise additional debt or equity financing to fund our continuing operations, product development plans and capital expenditure requirements, to service our debt obligations and to make strategic investments. We believe that there is substantial doubt concerning our ability to continue as a going concern as we currently do not have adequate liquidity to meet our operating needs and satisfy our obligations for at least the next twelve months.
While we will seek to raise additional capital, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, to provide the necessary interim funding to continue our operations and satisfy our obligations. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our existing stockholders may result. Any equity securities we issue may also provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, such debt securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of preferred and common stockholders. The terms of debt securities or borrowings may impose significant restrictions on our operations. The capital markets have in the past, and may in the future, experience periods of volatility that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing. In addition, increases in federal fund rates set by the Federal Reserve, which serve as a benchmark for rates on borrowing, could adversely impact the cost or availability of debt financing.
If we are unable to obtain additional financing, or if such transactions are successfully completed but do not provide adequate financing, we will not be able to continue operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes we will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires that we make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements.
The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report in our financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require that we make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates regarding matters that are inherently uncertain. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, current economic and industry conditions and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our most critical accounting estimates include the assumptions we use in the determination of the fair value of the earnout liability, the fair value of liability-classified warrants, stock-based compensation, the provision (benefit) for income taxes, the accounting for business combinations and the measurement of definite-lived intangible assets and goodwill.
Fair Value of Earnout Liability
We account for the Earnout Shares as liability-classified instruments because the events that determine the number of shares to which the earnout recipients will be entitled include events that are not solely indexed to our common stock. We remeasure the earnout liability to its estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period.
We estimate the fair value of the earnout liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model that utilizes significant assumptions, including volatility, expected term and risk-free rate that determine the probability of achieving the earnout conditions. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the earnout liability at the respective dates:
Stock-Based Compensation
Our stock-based compensation awards principally consist of restricted stock units (RSUs) and restricted stock awards (RSAs). Prior to the Merger, our stock-based compensation awards principally consisted of stock options. In some cases, other equity transactions, such as the issuance of warrants to purchase our common stock are accounted for as equity-classified awards granted to employees. In each case, we must determine the fair value of the equity-based awards.
We estimate the fair value of stock options and warrants to purchase our common stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include:
We estimate the fair value of RSUs and RSAs based on the grant-date market price of our common stock.
We recognize the fair value of each award as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which principally range from one to four years. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and initially record stock-based compensation expense assuming all option holders will complete the requisite service period. If an employee forfeits an award because they fail to complete the requisite service period, we will reverse previously recognized stock-based compensation expense in the period the award is forfeited.
Certain RSUs are subject to both service-based vesting conditions and performance conditions. For such awards, our accounting requires that we evaluate the probability of achievement of the performance conditions. When we conclude that the achievement of a performance condition is not probable, we do not recognize any compensation cost for that award. We continually reevaluate the probability of achievement of performance conditions. If we subsequently determine the achievement of a performance condition is probable, we will be required to record a “catch-up” of previously unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, subject to any applicable time-based vesting.
We have also issued warrants to purchase common stock to employees and service providers in exchange for services to us and we determined that those warrants should be accounted for as equity-classified awards. We determine the fair value of these warrants at the date of issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the variables and assumptions discussed above, and recognize the fair value as stock-based compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
We classify stock-based compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s salary and related costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. In future periods, we expect stock-based compensation expense to increase, due in part to our existing unrecognized stock-based compensation expense and as we grant additional stock-based awards to continue to attract and retain employees.
Fair Value of Liability-Classified Warrants
In connection with the Merger and subsequent financing transactions we have issued certain warrants that do not meet the derivative scope exception. Specifically, these warrants contain provisions that affect their settlement amounts which are not inputs into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on equity shares. Therefore, these warrants are not considered indexed to our stock and must be classified as liabilities. At their respective dates of issuance, we recognized a liability for each of the warrants in the amount of their estimated fair value. We remeasure the warrant liabilities to their estimated fair value as of the end of each reporting period.
We estimate the fair value of liability-classified warrants, other than the Private Warrants, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (as described above under Stock-Based Compensation). We recognize the change in the fair value of liability-classified warrants in “Change in fair value of warrants” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The following table summarizes the assumptions we used in estimating the fair value of liability-classified warrants at the respective dates:
We estimate the fair value of the Private Warrants based on quoted market prices for the Public Warrants, which have substantially the same economic characteristics as the Private Warrants.
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We recognize the effect of a change in tax laws on deferred tax assets and liabilities in our results of operations in the period the new laws are enacted. We record a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized.
We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process regarding recognition and measurement. We recognize a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the local taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. We measure the amount of tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions based on the largest benefit greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. Changes in recognition or measurement of an uncertain tax position are reflected in our statements of operations in the period in which the change in estimate occurs, based on new information not previously available.
Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price of an acquisition to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Accounting for business combinations requires that we make significant estimates and assumptions to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we use to be reasonable and appropriate, they are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain acquired assets may include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows including revenue growth rate assumptions from product sales, customer contracts and acquired technologies, the expected costs to develop acquired technology into commercially viable products and the estimated cash flows from the projects when completed, including assumptions associated with the technology migration curve and expected selling, general and administrative costs. We derive the discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value using a weighted-average cost of capital analysis adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of these assumptions, estimates or actual results.
Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill
We have long-lived assets, principally consisting of definite-lived intangible assets (including developed technology, customer relationships and tradenames). We record amortization expense associated with each definite-lived intangible asset based on its estimated useful life. We also review all long-lived assets—including intangible assets—for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. This includes our regular review of our operating performance for indicators of impairment. Factors considered important that could trigger an impairment review include a significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, or a significant change in the manner of the use of long-lived assets.
We perform impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of an asset group is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows attributable to such asset group, including any cash flows upon its eventual disposition, to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the forecasted undiscounted cash flows, then the asset group is written down to its fair value.
During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 we recorded impairment charges of $725 and $1,333, respectively, to write down the value of long-lived assets to their estimated fair values. However, future cash flows may vary from what was expected, or assumptions and estimates we use in the fair value calculations may change. Any such changes in assumptions or estimates could change the estimates of future cash flows we use to estimate fair values and could result in a decline in the estimated fair value of related assets. Such a decline in our estimates of the fair values of assets may result in future impairment charges.
We also have goodwill totaling $16,066 as of September 30, 2025, which represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but we test goodwill for impairment at a reporting unit level on an annual basis on July 31, or more frequently if circumstances change or an event occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
We assess all relevant qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is not necessary. If the assessment of all relevant qualitative factors indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we would perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative impairment test for goodwill consists of a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we will recognize an impairment loss equal to the amount of the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
We performed our annual goodwill impairment test and determined it was not more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. We did not record any goodwill impairment losses for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Our impairment tests require the use of judgment, including the identification of, and assignment of assets and liabilities to, asset groups and/or reporting units and the determination of fair values of asset groups or reporting units. We also must make significant assumptions and estimates, including the amount and timing of future cash flows, discount rates, asset fair values and the expected useful lives of the acquisition-related intangible assets. To make these judgments and estimates, we may use internal undiscounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices (if available) or other available data.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we will take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.
Smaller Reporting Company
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or (ii) our annual revenue exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. If we continue to be a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from these certain reduced disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information called for under this item.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Mobix Labs, Inc.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
49
50
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Mobix Labs, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mobix Labs, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and of cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Irvine, California
January 12, 2026
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)
Series ARedeemableConvertiblePreferred Stock
ContingentlyRedeemableCommon Stock
LegacyCommon Stock
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Company Information
Mobix Labs, Inc. (“Mobix Labs” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation based in Irvine, California, designs, develops and sells components and systems for advanced wireless and wired connectivity, radio frequency (“RF”), switching and electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) filtering technologies used in the defense, aerospace, commercial, industrial and other markets. The Company’s wireless systems solutions include products for advanced RF and millimeter wave (“mmWave”) communications, mmWave imaging, software defined radio and custom RF integrated circuits (“ICs”) targeting the defense, aerospace, commercial and industrial sectors. The Company’s interconnect products, including EMI filter inserts and filtered and non-filtered connectors, are designed for and are currently used in aerospace, military, defense and medical applications. These technologies are designed for large and rapidly growing markets where there is increasing demand for higher performance communication and filtering systems which utilize an expanding mix of both wireless and connectivity technologies.
On December 21, 2023, (the “Closing Date”), Chavant Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Chavant”) consummated the merger pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated November 15, 2022 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Chavant, CLAY Merger Sub II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed, wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (“Merger Sub”), and Mobix Labs, Inc. (“Legacy Mobix”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which, among other things, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Mobix, with Legacy Mobix surviving the merger as a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Chavant (together with the other transactions related thereto, the “Merger”). In connection with the consummation of the Merger (the “Closing”), Chavant changed its name from “Chavant Capital Acquisition Corp.” to “Mobix Labs, Inc.” and Legacy Mobix changed its name from “Mobix Labs, Inc.” to “Mobix Labs Operations, Inc.” As a result of the Merger, the Company raised gross proceeds of $21,014, including the contribution of $1,264 of cash held in Chavant’s trust account and the $19,750 private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) at $10.00 per share of Chavant’s Class A Common Stock. The common stock and public warrants of the combined company began trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “MOBX” and “MOBXW,” respectively, on December 22, 2023.
Throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted or otherwise suggested by context, the “Company” refers to Legacy Mobix prior to the consummation of the Merger, and to the Company after the consummation of the Merger.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. Since inception, the Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations, as a result of its ongoing investment in product development and other operating expenses. For the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred losses from operations of $37,693 and $46,395, respectively, and as of September 30, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $150,588. The Company has historically financed its operations through the issuance and sale of equity securities and the issuance of debt. The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future and will need to raise additional debt or equity financing to fund its operations and satisfy its obligations. Management believes that there is substantial doubt concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as the Company currently does not have adequate liquidity to meet its operating needs and satisfy its obligations for at least the next twelve months.
While the Company will seek to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance the necessary financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. If the Company raises funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing stockholders may result. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of common stock. If the Company raises funds by issuing debt securities, such debt securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of preferred and common stockholders. The terms of debt securities or borrowings may impose significant restrictions on the Company’s operations. The capital markets have in the past, and may in the future, experience periods of volatility that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing. In addition, potential future increases in federal fund rates set by the Federal Reserve, which serve as a benchmark for rates on borrowing, could adversely impact the cost or availability of debt financing.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, or if such transactions are successfully completed but do not provide adequate financing, the Company may be required to reduce its operating expenditures, which could adversely affect its business prospects, or the Company may be unable to continue operations. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.
Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization of the Company because Legacy Mobix has been determined to be the accounting acquirer under ASC Topic 805 – Business Combinations. Under this method of accounting, Chavant is treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on holders of Legacy Mobix capital stock comprising a relative majority of the voting power of the Company upon consummation of the Merger and having the ability to nominate the majority of the governing body of the Company, Legacy Mobix senior management comprising the senior management of the Company, and Legacy Mobix operations comprising the ongoing operations of the Company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of the financial statements of Legacy Mobix with the Merger being treated as the equivalent of Legacy Mobix issuing shares for the net assets of Chavant, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Chavant were recognized as of the Closing at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Merger are presented as those of Legacy Mobix and the accumulated deficit of Legacy Mobix has been carried forward after Closing. All issued and outstanding securities of Chavant upon Closing were treated as issuances of securities of the Company upon the consummation of the Merger.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Mobix Labs, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company’s fiscal year ends on September 30.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities; the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses for the periods covered and certain amounts disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. Areas requiring significant estimates and assumptions by the Company include, but are not limited to:
Cash
As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s cash balance consisted of demand deposits held at large financial institutions. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 or 2024. The amount of deposits maintained at any financial institution may exceed federally insured limits. The Company places its cash with high credit quality financial institutions and has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash.
Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. For trade accounts receivable from customers, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses represents the Company’s best estimate based on current and historical information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are charged against the allowance for expected credit losses when identified. The allowance for expected credit losses as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 and bad debt expense for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were not material.
Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Inventory costs consist of purchased materials, outside manufacturing costs, inbound freight and receiving costs, and capitalized overhead. The Company records an inventory reserve for losses associated with excess and obsolete items, based on available information and the Company’s current expectations of future demand, product obsolescence and market conditions. Any provision for excess and obsolete inventory is charged to cost of revenue and is a permanent reduction of the carrying value of inventory. The reserve for excess and obsolete inventory as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 and write-downs of obsolete inventory for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were not material.
Property and equipment, net
The Company’s property and equipment primarily consists of laboratory equipment, computer hardware, equipment, furniture and fixtures and leasehold improvements. Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Major improvements are capitalized, while routine maintenance and repairs which do not significantly improve or extend the useful life of an asset are expensed when incurred. Upon the sale or retirement of assets, costs and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See Note 6, Property and Equipment, net.
Intangible Assets, net
The Company’s intangible assets principally consist of acquired developed technology and customer relationships and have finite lives ranging from 1one to fifteen years. The Company amortizes intangible assets over their useful lives on a straight-line basis, which the Company believes approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be utilized. To the extent that an acquired developed technology is incorporated in, or used to produce, a product the Company currently produces and sells, the related amortization expense is included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization expense on other acquisition-related intangible assets is included in operating expenses.
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company regularly reviews its operating performance for indicators of impairment. Factors considered important that could trigger an impairment review include a significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, or a significant change in the manner of the use of the assets. The Company performs impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets including any cash flows upon their eventual disposition to their carrying value. If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the forecasted undiscounted cash flows, then the assets are written down to their fair value. The Company recognized impairment losses on long-lived assets of $725 and $1,333, respectively, for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. See Note 7, Intangible Assets, net and Note 11, Leases.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level on an annual basis on July 31, or more frequently if circumstances change or an event occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
Significant judgment may be required when goodwill is assessed for impairment. Qualitative factors may be assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the assessment of all relevant qualitative factors indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is not necessary. If the assessment of all relevant qualitative factors indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative impairment test for goodwill consists of a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company will recognize an impairment loss equal to the amount of the excess, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Application of the impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units and the determination of fair value of each reporting unit. The Company performed its annual qualitative impairment test and determined it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. The Company did not record any goodwill impairment losses for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
The Company allocates the purchase price of an acquisition to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Accounting for business combinations requires that management make significant estimates and assumptions to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Although management believes the assumptions and estimates to be reasonable and appropriate, they are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain acquired assets may include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows including revenue growth rate assumptions from product sales, customer contracts and acquired technologies, expected costs to develop acquired technology into commercially viable products, estimated cash flows from the projects when completed, including assumptions associated with the technology migration curve and expected selling, general and administrative costs. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and are adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-tiered hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that emphasizes the use of observable inputs over the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier hierarchy is used in management’s determination of fair value based on the reliability and observability of inputs as follows:
Level 1 — Observable inputs that include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable pricing inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources, such as discounted cash flow models or valuations.
The Company’s non-financial assets, including property and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill, are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized, or in the event an asset is held for sale.
Fair Value of Common Stock
The Company determines the fair value of shares of its common stock by reference to quoted market prices. Prior to the Closing, there was no public market for the Company’s common stock, and the Company determined the fair value of shares of its common stock considering a number of objective and subjective factors, including: third-party valuations of its common stock, the valuation of comparable companies, sales of the Company’s common stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions, the Company’s forecasted financial performance, operational developments and milestones, the lack of marketability, the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event and the general and industry specific economic outlook.
Classification of Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants to purchase its common stock as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the liability classification requirements pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted when warrants are issued or modified and as of each subsequent period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented using the two-class method required for participating securities. Under the two-class method, net loss is attributed to the Class A and Class B Common Stock and other participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares and the effect of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. For a period in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per share is similar to basic net loss per share because potentially dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is antidilutive. See Note 18, Net Loss Per Share.
Stock-based compensation awards principally consist of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) or restricted stock awards (“RSAs”). RSUs entitle the holder to receive a number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, subject to service-based vesting conditions or, in some cases, other conditions. RSAs consist of shares of the Company’s common stock which are contingently returnable to the Company (i.e., subject to “clawback”) in the event that specified service-based vesting conditions or other conditions are not met. The Company establishes the fair value of each RSU or RSA based on the grant-date fair value of the underlying shares of its common stock. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for RSUs and RSAs over the requisite service period, as applicable, or upon determination that the satisfaction of performance-based conditions is probable.
Stock-based compensation awards also include stock option awards. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option-pricing model. The fair value of each stock option award is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is typically four years. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include:
The expected term represents the period over which the stock-based award is expected to remain outstanding and is estimated based on historical experience of similar awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the stock-based award. Because there is a limited trading history for the Class A Common Stock, the Company estimates expected stock price volatility based on the historical price volatility of its common stock as well as the historical stock price volatility of similar publicly traded peer companies. The Company estimates the expected annual dividend yield will be zero because the Company does not currently expect to declare dividends on its common stock.
The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and initially records stock-based compensation expense assuming all holders of RSUs, RSAs or stock option awards will complete the requisite service period. If the holder forfeits an award because they fail to complete the requisite service period, the Company reverses any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense in the period the award is forfeited.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss includes the Company’s net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. There were no differences between the Company’s net loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Revenue Recognition
The Company accounts for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(“ASC 606”). The Company derives its revenues primarily from product sales to equipment manufacturers. The Company recognizes product revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts and upon transfer of control when title transfers (either upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, as determined by the terms of the contract) net of accruals for estimated sales returns and allowances. Such sales returns and allowances were not material for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
The Company also derives revenue from engineering services. Contracts with customers generally contain a single distinct performance obligation, to provide research or design services for products based on the customer’s specifications. The Company recognizes services revenue over time as the services are delivered on an input basis, using costs incurred as the measure of progress.
The Company does not have material variable consideration, and the Company’s revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components. Payment terms are principally net 30 days to net 45 days.
The Company generally offers a limited warranty to customers covering a period of twelve months which obligates the Company to repair or replace defective products. The warranty is not sold separately and does not represent a separate performance obligation. Therefore, the Company accounts for such warranties under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees, and the estimated costs of warranty claims are accrued as cost of revenue in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company accrues for warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Warranty and indemnification expenses have historically been insignificant.
The Company includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers as part of net revenue. The Company includes shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight in cost of revenue. Sales and other taxes the Company collects, if any, are excluded from revenue.
There were no significant contract assets recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 or 2024. In some instances, the Company receives a partial payment of the sales price from the customer at the time an order is placed. Any such prepayments are recorded as a liability included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets and are recognized in net revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations, typically as products are shipped. All incremental customer contract acquisition costs are expensed as incurred as the amortization period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less in duration.
Cost of product revenue consists of materials, direct labor, contract manufacturing services, inbound freight, amortization of acquired developed technology, inventory obsolescence charges and other product-related costs. Cost of product revenue also includes overhead costs for the manufacture or sourcing of products, including facility costs and depreciation. Cost of services revenue principally consists of employee compensation and benefits of employees engaged in the delivery of engineering services, along with any related materials, equipment, supplies or other costs to perform a contract.
Advertising Expense
Advertising costs include spending for items such as marketing and promotional items, trade shows, sponsorships, and other programs. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses were $31 and $91 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to perform product design and development activities, including employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation), outside services, design tools, supplies, facility costs, depreciation and amortization of acquired developed technology. The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation) of executive and administrative staff including human resources, accounting, information technology, sales and marketing, outside professional and legal fees, insurance, advertising and promotional programs, travel and entertainment, and facility costs.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the results of operations in the period the new laws are enacted. The Company establishes a valuation allowance when necessary to reduce the carrying amount of its deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, the Company has established a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process regarding recognition and measurement. The Company recognizes a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the local taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Then the Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions based on the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. Subsequent changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs based on new information not previously available.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Securities Act. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, an emerging growth company has the option to adopt new or revised accounting guidance either (i) within the same periods as otherwise applicable to public business entities, or (ii) within the same time periods as non-public business entities, including early adoption when permissible. With the exception of accounting guidance the Company elected to early adopt, when permissible, the Company has elected to adopt new or revised accounting guidance within the same time periods as non-public business entities.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 expands segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The disclosures required under ASU 2023-07 are also required for public entities with a single reportable segment. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for its fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, with no material impact on its financial position or results of operations. See Note 20, Segment Information.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning October 1, 2025. The guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The ASU is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning October 1, 2027, and for interim periods within the Company’s fiscal year beginning October 1, 2028, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the ASU to determine the impact it will have on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 3 — Reverse Recapitalization
As discussed in Note 1, Company Information, the Closing of the Merger occurred on December 21, 2023. In the Merger, as provided for in the Business Combination Agreement:
The other related events that occurred in connection with the Closing include the following:
PIPE Subscription Agreements
In connection with the Merger, Chavant entered into the PIPE Subscription Agreements with certain accredited investors and pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,975,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of Chavant at a price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate amount of $19,750 in cash. Subsequent to the Closing, the number of shares purchased by the PIPE investors was adjusted through the issuance of additional shares of Class A Common Stock. See “Make-Whole Shares,” below.
The PIPE investors also received warrants to purchase 1,950,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, of which warrants to purchase 200,000 shares are immediately exercisable and warrants to purchase 1,750,000 shares became exercisable upon approval by the Company’s stockholders, which was obtained on January 3, 2025. During the year ended September 30, 2025, warrants to purchase 1,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock were exercised, for net proceeds to the Company of $15.
Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreements, Sponsor Warrant and Sponsor Letter Agreement
On December 19, 2023, Chavant entered into the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement with the Sponsor pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed to purchase, in a private placement that closed substantially concurrently with the Closing, 199,737 shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $10.00 per share. The aggregate purchase price of $1,997 was paid through the forgiveness of certain obligations of Chavant. Subsequent to the Closing, the number of shares purchased by the Sponsor was adjusted through the issuance of additional shares of Class A Common Stock. See “Make-Whole Shares,” below.
In connection with the execution of the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement, Legacy Mobix issued to the Sponsor a warrant to purchase 272,454shares of Legacy Mobix common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, exercisable upon the closing of the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement (the “Sponsor Warrant”). The Sponsor Warrant was exercised at the closing of the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement and, following net settlement into 272,182 shares of Legacy Mobix common stock, converted into 272,182 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Closing.
On December 20, 2023, Chavant also entered into a Sponsor Letter Agreement with the Sponsor pursuant to which, as consideration for the199,737 shares issued pursuant to the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement described above, the Sponsor agreed to forgive approximately $1,997 of aggregate outstanding obligations of Chavant. In addition, the Sponsor agreed to forfeit 658,631 Founder Shares and 400,000Private Warrants that it held, in each case upon the Closing.
Non-Redemption Agreement
On December 20, 2023, Chavant and Mobix Labs entered into a non-redemption agreement with a stockholder of Chavant, pursuant to which the stockholder agreed to withdraw its redemption of 73,706 ordinary shares of Chavant (“Ordinary Shares”) prior to the Merger. In consideration therefor, Mobix Labs issued the stockholder a warrant to purchase 202,692 shares of Legacy Mobix common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, exercisable upon the Closing. The warrant was exercised at the Closing and, following net settlement into 202,489 shares of Legacy Mobix common stock, converted into 202,489 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Closing.
Amendment to Business Combination Marketing Agreement
On December 21, 2023, Chavant entered into an amendment to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2021 between Chavant and certain advisors wherein the parties agreed to resolve their differences with respect to marketing fees contemplated by the agreement and the advisors agreed to receive, in lieu of any cash payment of fees or reimbursement of expenses, an aggregate of 280,000shares of Class A Common Stock. Subsequent to the Closing, the number of shares the advisors received was adjusted through the issuance of additional shares of Class A Common Stock. See “Make-Whole Shares,” below.
Earnout Shares
In addition to the consideration paid at Closing, certain Legacy Mobix stockholders and certain holders of Legacy Mobix stock options (the “Earnout Recipients”) will be entitled to receive an additional aggregate 3,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable as earnout shares (the “Earnout Shares”) based on the achievement of trading price targets following the Closing and subject to the terms provided in the Business Combination Agreement. The Earnout Shares have a seven-year “Earnout Period,” commencing on the date that is the one year anniversary of the Closing, pursuant to which up to 1,750,000 shares of Class A Common Stock will be distributed to the Earnout Recipients if the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Class A Common Stock exceeds $12.50for any twenty trading days within a period of thirty consecutive trading days during the Earnout Period and an additional 1,750,000shares of Class A Common Stock will be distributed to the Earnout Recipients if the VWAP of the Class A Common Stock exceeds $15.00 for any twenty trading days within a period of thirty consecutive trading days during the Earnout Period.
The Earnout Shares are accounted for as liability-classified instruments because the events that determine the number of Earnout Shares to which the Earnout Recipients will be entitled include events that are not solely indexed to the Company’s common stock. At the time of Closing, the Company estimated the aggregate fair value of its liability for the Earnout Shares using a Monte Carlo simulation model and recorded a liability of $33,559. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, none of the conditions for the issuance of any Earnout Shares had been achieved and the Company adjusted the carrying amount of the liability to its estimated fair value of $1,240 and $1,680, respectively. As a result of decreases in the fair value of the liability, which were primarily the result of decreases in the price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock subsequent to the Closing, the Company recognized non-cash gains of $440 and $31,879 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are included in “Change in fair value of earnout liability” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Make-Whole Shares
Pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement and the Amendment to Business Combination Marketing Agreement described above, Chavant agreed to issue additional shares of its Class A Common Stock (the “Make-Whole Shares”) to the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor and certain advisors with respect to 2,454,737 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in the event that the VWAP per share of the Class A Common Stock during a specified period (the “Adjustment Period VWAP”) is less than $10.00 per share. In such case, the PIPE Investors were entitled to receive a number of Make-Whole Shares equal to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to the PIPE Investor multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is $10.00 minus the Adjustment Period VWAP and the denominator of which is the Adjustment Period VWAP. In the event that the Adjustment Period VWAP is less than $7.00, the Adjustment Period VWAP was deemed to be $7.00. The adjustment period ended on August 30, 2024. The Company issued 1,052,029 shares of its Class A Common Stock to the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor and certain advisors in settlement of the liability for the Make-Whole Shares.
The Make-Whole Shares were accounted for as liability-classified instruments because the events that determine the number of Make-Whole Shares issuable include events that are not solely indexed to the Company’s common stock. At the time of Closing, the Company estimated the aggregate fair value of its liability for the Make-Whole Shares using a Monte Carlo simulation model and recorded a liability of $2,071. The fair value of the 1,052,029 shares of Class A Common Stock issued in settlement of the liability for the Make-Whole Shares was $1,241. As a result of the decrease in the fair value of the liability, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of $830 for the year ended September 30, 2024, which is included in “Change in fair value of PIPE make-whole liability” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
See Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the Company’s measurements with respect to the financial instruments issued in connection with the foregoing agreements.
Legacy Mobix incurred $6,363 of transaction costs in connection with the Merger, which was determined to be a capital-raising transaction for Legacy Mobix. At the time of the Closing, the Company allocated this amount between the equity-classified instruments and liability-classified instruments, based on their relative fair values, and recorded the $2,354 of costs associated with equity-classified instruments as a reduction of additional paid-in capital and charged the remaining $4,009 of costs associated with liability-classified instruments to expense. The Company also recognized a liability for unpaid transaction costs of Chavant totaling $3,090, which the Company recorded as a reduction of the proceeds of the Merger at the time of the Closing.
The following tables reconcile elements of the Merger to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the footnotes referenced above:
Schedule of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Subsequent to the Closing, the Company paid $982 of the Merger-related transaction costs and negotiated a $99 reduction of the unpaid transaction costs.
Note 4 — Acquisitions
The Company acquired EMI Solutions, Inc. (“EMI Solutions”) in December 2023 and RaGE Systems, Inc. (“RaGE Systems”) in May 2024. The Company accounted for each of the acquisitions as a business combination. The following table summarizes the amount of the aggregate purchase consideration and the allocation to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.
Schedule of Purchase Consideration and Allocation
EMI Solutions, Inc.
On December 18, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of EMI Solutions when the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of EMI Solutions. EMI Solutions is a manufacturer of electromagnetic interference filtering products for military and aerospace applications. Consideration for the acquisition consisted of 964,912 shares of the Company’s common stock with an estimated fair value of $8,856 and $2,200 in cash. Of the cash portion of the consideration, the Company paid $155 at the time of the consummation of the acquisition and through September 30, 2025 the Company paid an additional $1,522. The remaining $523 cash portion of the consideration is currently payable.
The merger agreement with EMI Solutions provided that in the event that Legacy Mobix did not complete an initial public offering (including the Merger) within twenty-four months following the completion of the acquisition of EMI Solutions, the sellers could require the Company to pay all unpaid cash consideration and provided the sellers a “put right” wherein the sellers could require that the Company repurchase the 964,912 shares of common stock for a cash amount equal to $6.84 per share. The Company evaluated the terms of the related agreement and concluded that the shares of common stock issued as consideration were contingently redeemable common stock, and required recognition as temporary equity, because the events that determine whether the Company will be required to repurchase the 964,912 shares of its common stock for cash were not within the Company’s control. At the time of completion of the acquisition, the Company estimated the fair value of the contingently redeemable common stock at $8,856, based upon the fair value of the Legacy Mobix common stock, adjusted to include the fair value of the put right. The Company estimated the fair value of the put right using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 55.0%; no expected dividend yield; risk-free interest rate of 4.5%; and a contractual term of two years. The Company included this amount as part of the value of the purchase consideration. After the Closing of the Merger with Chavant on December 21, 2023, the common stock was no longer contingently redeemable, and the Company reclassified the value of the contingently redeemable common stock to permanent equity at its carrying value of $8,856, with no gain or loss recognized.
The Company estimated the useful lives of the customer relationships, trade name and backlog intangible assets are fifteen years, two years and one year, respectively. The goodwill is primarily attributed to expected synergies for the combined operations and is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The operating results of EMI Solutions are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for periods subsequent to the acquisition date. The amounts of net revenue and net loss of EMI Solutions included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were $3,937 and $(312), respectively, for the year ended September 30, 2025 and $2,774 and $(887), respectively, for the year ended September 30, 2024.
RaGE Systems, Inc.
On May 21, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of RaGE Systems when the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of RaGE Systems pursuant to a business combination agreement (the “RaGE Business Combination Agreement”). RaGE Systems specializes in developing products for 5G communications, mmWave imaging, and software defined radio targeting the commercial, industrial, and defense and aerospace sectors. Aggregate consideration for the acquisition was $9,518, consisting of 3,214,045 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock having a fair value of $7,682 and $2,000 in cash, of which the Company paid $200 during the year ended September 30, 2024 and as of September 30, 2025 the remaining $1,800 is currently payable. The Company also entered into employment agreements with each of the RaGE stockholders.
The Company estimated the useful lives of the customer relationships, developed technology and trade name intangible assets are twelve years, seven years, and two and one-half years, respectively. The goodwill is primarily attributed to expected synergies for the combined operations and is not deductible for income tax purposes.
Pursuant to the RaGE Business Combination Agreement, the RaGE stockholders are entitled to receive possible earnout payments of up to $8,000, payable in a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, based upon both (i) the attainment of certain financial targets measured over calendar years 2024 and 2025 and (ii) continued employment with the Company (the “RaGE Earnout”). Because the RaGE Earnout arrangement is linked to continued employment with the Company in the post-acquisition period, the Company determined that the related cost must be recognized as an operating expense in the post-acquisition period, and no portion was accounted for as part of the purchase consideration. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company estimated the amount of the payments it expects to make under the RaGE Earnout, based upon its expectation of the level of achievement of the financial targets over the measurement periods and for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized expense of $767 and $2,985, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued the RaGE stockholders 642,809 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in partial settlement of its liability under the RaGE Earnout.
The operating results of RaGE Systems are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for periods subsequent to the acquisition date. The amounts of net revenue and net income of RaGE Systems included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were $5,836 and $586, respectively, for the year ended September 30, 2025 and $2,739 and $201, respectively, for the year ended September 30, 2024.
Pro forma information
The following table shows unaudited pro forma net revenue and net loss of the Company, as if the acquisitions of EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems had each been completed as of October 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of future operations or results had the acquisitions occurred on October 1, 2022.
Schedule of Unaudited ProForma Net Revenues and Net income (Loss)
Note 5 — Inventory
Inventory consists of the following:
Schedule of Inventory
Note 6 — Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expense for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $366 and $472, respectively.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized losses of $472 on the disposal of certain assets, principally consisting of equipment and furniture and leasehold improvements, at a leased office the Company vacated. Such losses are principally included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company wrote off certain tooling having a carrying value of $584 which management determined it would not use in production. The charge is included in “Research and development” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Note 7 — Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets, net consist of the following:
Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net
Useful Life
(years)
Accumulated
Amortization
The Company recorded amortization expense related to intangible assets of $1,692 and $1,543 during the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The weighted-average remaining lives of intangible assets as of September 30, 2025 were developed technology 5.0years; customer relationships 11.6 years; and trade names 1.0 years.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, as a result of declining sales of AOCs and strategic decisions on investment across the Company’s product groups, the Company tested the related long-lived assets for possible impairment. Based on this test, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the AOCs asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, and the Company recorded an impairment charge of $1,333to write down the carrying value of the long-lived assets (consisting of developed technology and customer relationships). The Company estimated the fair value of the AOCs asset group using a discounted cash flow model.
Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets by fiscal year as of September 30, 2025 is as follows:
Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets
Note 8 — Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended September 30, 2024. There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the year ended September 30, 2025.
Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill
The Company performed its annual goodwill assessment as of July 31. The Company assessed all relevant qualitative factors to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount, and that a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not necessary. The Company recorded no impairment charges on goodwill for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Note 9 — Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Note 10 — Debt
Debt consists of the following:
Schedule of Debt
Notes Payable
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into three notes payable with financial institutions for net proceeds of $1,734. The notes have terms of seven to eighteen months and require weekly payments, including finance charges, totaling $2,791. The notes are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and one note is guaranteed by an officer and director of the Company.
The Company also entered into four additional notes payable having an aggregate principal amount of $1,275with unrelated investors to meet its working capital needs. Net proceeds from the issuance of the notes were $1,152. Two of the notes bear interest at rates ranging from 7% to 12% per annum; the remaining notes were issued at a discount and bear no interest. The notes mature at various dates from February 2025 to August 2026. One note requires monthly principal payments of $103commencing in March 2026; the remainder of the notes require payment of the principal balance upon maturity. One note, having a principal amount of $550, provides that the principal and accrued interest thereon, totaling $616, may at the option of the investor be converted into shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at any time prior to maturity in August 2026. The Company also entered into a stock pledge agreement with an investor, pursuant to which the Company issued 1,500,000shares of its Class A Common Stock as security for the Company’s payment of amounts owed under the note. While such shares are held as collateral the investor is entitled to voting and other rights relating to the shares and, in the event of a default by the Company, the investor would be entitled to sell the pledged shares and apply the proceeds to the balance due under the note. Upon the Company’s repayment of the note, all interest in the pledged shares will revert to the Company.
In connection with the issuance of two notes payable, during the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 343,750 shares of its Class A Common Stock to the investors. The Company accounted for the shares at their fair value of $212 which was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and as a discount to notes payable on the consolidated balance sheet.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into three agreements for the purchase and sale of future receipts with unrelated buyers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the buyers certain future trade receipts in the aggregate amount of $4,417 (the “Future Receipts Purchased Amount”) for net proceeds to the Company of $2,430. Under the agreements, the Company granted the buyers a security interest in all of the Company’s present and future accounts receivable in an amount not to exceed the Future Receipts Purchased Amount. The Company must repay the Future Receipts Purchased Amount in varying weekly installments through March 2026.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into six promissory notes having an aggregate principal amount of $1,069 with unrelated investors to meet its working capital needs. The Company also issued convertible notes with an aggregate principal amount of $200 to unrelated investors. Net proceeds from the issuance of the notes were $1,198. The notes bear interest at rates ranging from 6% to 76% per annum; one note was issued at a discount and bears no interest. The notes mature at various dates through December 2024 and are unsecured. One note required weekly payments of $4. In connection with the Merger, all outstanding convertible notes were converted into 30,045 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and the $206 carrying amount of the notes and accrued interest thereon was credited to equity, with no gain or loss recognized.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued immediately exercisable warrants to purchase an aggregate of 201,965shares of its common stock in connection with the issuance of certain notes. The warrants had exercise prices ranging from $0.01to $2.00per share and terms of one to two years. The Company evaluated the warrants and determined that they met all the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for each of the warrants as detachable warrants at their fair value, using the relative fair value method, and allocated $155of the proceeds to the warrants. This amount was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and as a discount to notes payable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company amortized the discount over the term of the related notes using the effective interest method. The Company valued the warrants at the time of issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 55.0-55.6%;noexpected dividend yield; risk-free interest rate of 4.7-5.3%; and expected term of one1 totwo years.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company and the holders of three notes agreed to settle the outstanding principal and accrued interest, totaling $661, in exchange for 798,680 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $300, which is included in “Other non-operating losses, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 the Company made principal payments of $1,215 and $1,749, respectively, on notes payable. As of September 30, 2025, notes payable having a remaining principal balance of $4,264 were outstanding and are included in “Notes payable, current” at a carrying amount of $3,934 (net of unamortized discount of $330) in the consolidated balance sheet.
7% Promissory Notes — Related Parties
The Company has two outstanding promissory notes with related parties which the Company assumed in 2020 as part of an asset acquisition. The promissory notes bear interest at 7% per annum and are unsecured. During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company and the holders of the 7% promissory notes each agreed to extend the payment terms, such that the outstanding principal and accrued interest will be repaid in monthly payments of varying amounts through March 2027, with the remaining principal balance of $979 payable on May 15, 2027. As a result of these agreements, the Company has reclassified $1,099 of the outstanding principal balance of the 7% promissory notes to “Notes payable — related parties, noncurrent” in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025. The portion of the 7% promissory notes due within one year is included in “Notes payable — related parties, current” in the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company made principal payments of $244 and $854 on the 7% promissory notes.
Notes Payable — Related Parties
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company entered into two promissory notes having an aggregate principal amount of $495 with a related party to meet its working capital needs. Net proceeds from the issuance of the notes were $450. The notes bear no interest, are unsecured and matured at various dates through November 2024. The Company repaid one of the notes, having a principal balance of $165, during the year ended September 30, 2024 and repaid the remaining note, having a principal balance of $330, during the year ended September 30, 2025.
Note 11 — Leases
The Company has entered into operating leases for office space. The leases have remaining terms ranging from three months to 1.8 years and expire at various dates through July 2027. The leases do not contain residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into new or amended leases relating to four properties. In connection with these leases, the Company recognized additional right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities of $528. The Company also modified the lease on one property it occupies in Lowell, Massachusetts to reduce the remaining lease term. As a result of the modification, the Company recognized an $86 reduction in the related ROU asset and operating lease liability. There were no leases that had not yet commenced as of September 30, 2025 that will create significant additional rights and obligations for the Company.
In March 2025, the Company vacated a leased 19,436 square foot office in Irvine, California, having a remaining lease term of 2.4 years and in April 2025 the lease was terminated. As a result of the termination of the lease, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $725 to reduce the carrying value of this asset group to its estimated fair value. The resulting impairment loss is included in “Impairment of long-lived assets” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The following lease costs are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:
Schedule of Lease Costs
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $549and $563, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 1.3 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 15.6%.
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025:
Schedule of Operating Lease Liability Maturity
Note 12 — Income Taxes
Substantially all of the Company’s pretax loss was generated in the United States. The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes
Year ended
September 30,
The provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to the Company’s loss before income taxes as follows:
Schedule of Loss Before Income Tax
Deferred tax liabilities, net consist of the following:
Schedule of Deferred Liabilities
In connection with the acquisitions of EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems, the Company recognized additional deferred tax liabilities totaling $2,666 associated with acquired intangible assets. Based on the availability of these tax attributes, the Company determined that it expects to realize a greater portion of its existing deferred tax assets and for the year ended September 30, 2024 the Company recognized a deferred income tax benefit of $2,432, principally resulting from reductions of the valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.
During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company increased the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets by $5,943and $7,297, respectively, which primarily related to increases in net deferred tax assets from current year activity that the Company expects will not be realized in the future. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company also reduced the valuation allowance and recognized a deferred tax benefit of $2,432 as a result of the deferred tax liabilities it recognized in connection with the acquisitions of EMI Solutions and RaGE Systems. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has accumulated federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”) of $74,090 and $48,943, respectively. The federal NOLs may be carried forward indefinitely and the state NOLs begin to expire in 2031.
The Company’s ability to carry forward its NOLs and research credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 382”). The federal net operating losses have an indefinite carryforward period but are available to offset only 80% of future taxable income. The Company’s ability to use its federal NOL carryforwards may be further limited if it experiences an “ownership change” as defined in Section 382.
The Company has unrecognized tax benefits of $2,080 as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. There were no changes in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision (benefit) for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, no accrued interest or penalties are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets, and the Company has not recorded any related expenses. The Company does not expect a significant change in its uncertain tax positions within the next twelve months.
The Company files U.S. federal and various state income tax returns. As of September 30, 2025, the U.S. federal and state tax returns are open to examination for calendar years 2021 through 2024.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) requires that taxpayers capitalize expenditures that qualify as Section 174 costs and recover them over five years for domestic expenditures, and fifteen years for expenditures attributed for foreign research. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has capitalized $20,958 of costs under this provision.
On July 4, 2025, United States President Donald J. Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) into law. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the TCJA, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The OBBBA has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the OBBBA and determined they do not have a significant impact on its operations and consolidated financial statements.
Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies
The Company previously engaged a financial advisor to provide services and the financial advisor has asserted that the Company owes additional funds in excess of amounts previously recognized. The Company disputes the financial advisor’s claim. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, no legal proceeding has been initiated in respect of this matter. The ultimate resolution of this matter may differ from the amount recognized and any such difference could be material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the possible amount or range of additional loss, if any, that it may incur.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company may become subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe it is currently a party to any legal proceedings—nor is the Company aware of any other pending or threatened litigation—that the Company believes would have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition should such litigation be resolved unfavorably.
Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, the Company often includes standard indemnification provisions in its arrangements with customers, suppliers and vendors. Pursuant to these provisions, the Company may be obligated to indemnify such parties for losses or claims suffered or incurred in connection with its service, breach of representations or covenants, intellectual property infringement or other claims made against such parties. These provisions may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made. The Company has not in the past incurred significant expense defending against third party claims, nor has it incurred significant expense under its standard service warranties or arrangements with its customers, suppliers and vendors. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liabilities for these indemnification provisions as of September 30, 2025 or 2024.
Note 14 — Equity
In connection with the Merger, the Company adopted its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. The amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of preferred stock, Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock.
Preferred Stock
In connection with the Merger, all outstanding shares of Legacy Mobix Founders Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock were cancelled and converted into 2,254,901 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.
The amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001, and the Company’s board of directors is authorized to designate one or more series of preferred stock, to fix the number of shares constituting any such series of preferred stock, and the powers, preferences and rights of any such series of preferred stock. Through September 30, 2025, the board of directors had not designated any such series of preferred stock and as of September 30, 2025 no shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 285,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. Holders of Class A and Class B Common Stock are each entitled to receive ratably any dividends or distributions as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors. Each class of common stock is subordinate to the Company’s preferred stock with respect to rights upon liquidation of the Company. Neither class of common stock is redeemable at the option of the holders. The holders of Class A and Class B Common Stock are entitled to vote together as a single class, with each holder of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock entitled to one vote for each share of Class A Common Stock and each holder of outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock entitled to ten votes for each share of Class B Common Stock. Holders of shares of Class B Common Stock may elect at any time to convert each outstanding share of Class B Common Stock into one share of Class A Common Stock. Shares of Class B Common Stock are also subject to automatic conversion into shares of Class A Common Stock upon the occurrence of certain events or, if not previously converted, upon the seventh anniversary of the Closing.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company sold 1,574,464 shares of its Class A Common Stock in private placements for net proceeds of $1,600. In connection with the issuance of these shares, the Company also granted one investor a warrant to purchase 500,045 shares of common stock at a price of $0.96 per share. The warrant is immediately exercisable and has a term of three years. The Company determined the warrant to be a freestanding equity instrument with no subsequent remeasurement. The Company also issued 3,850,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock in connection with the April 2025 Offering. See Note 15, Warrants.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, Legacy Mobix sold 482,171shares of its common stock at various dates in private placements for net proceeds of $3,286. In connection with the issuance of these shares, Legacy Mobix also granted one investor a warrant to purchase 27,413shares of common stock at a price of $0.01per share. The warrant is immediately exercisable and has a term of one year. The Company determined the warrant to be a freestanding equity instrument with no subsequent remeasurement. The Company determined the amount recognized within additional paid-in capital by allocating the proceeds received among the shares of common stock and the warrant issued based on their relative fair values. Subsequent to the Merger, the Company sold 370,000shares of its Class A Common Stock to an unaffiliated investor for proceeds of $192. The Company also issued the investor a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 407,000shares of its Class A Common Stock at a price of $1.18per share. The warrant is immediately exercisable and has a5five-year term.
As of September 30, 2025, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock available for issuance under the Company’s amended and restated articles of incorporation were as follows:
Schedule of Common Stock Available for Issuance
The Company has never declared or paid any dividends on any class of its equity securities and does not expect to do so in the near future.
Committed Equity Facility
In March 2024, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) and a related Registration Rights Agreement with B. Riley Principal Capital II (“B. Riley”) which provides the Company the right, in its sole discretion, and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth therein, to sell to B. Riley up to 9,500,000 newly issued shares of its Class A Common Stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time. Any sales of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at the Company’s option, and the Company is under no obligation to sell any securities to B. Riley. The per share purchase price that B. Riley will pay for shares of Class A Common Stock is determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of the Class A Common Stock measured over the regular trading session or intraday period of the trading session on Nasdaq on the date of each purchase, in each case as defined in the Purchase Agreement, less a three percent discount.
As consideration for B. Riley’s commitment to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, the Company agreed to pay a cash commitment fee in the amount of $1,500 and reimburse certain legal fees. B. Riley will withhold 30% in cash from the total aggregate purchase price until B. Riley has received the entire cash commitment fee. As of September 30, 2025, $1,478 of the commitment fee remains unpaid, and is currently due. In April 2024, the Company filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register under the Securities Act, the offer and resale by B. Riley of up to 9,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock that the Company may elect to sell to B. Riley pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was declared effective on May 13, 2024.
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 36,367 shares of its Class A Common Stock to B. Riley under the Purchase Agreement for gross proceeds of $73; no shares were sold under the Purchase Agreement during the year ended September 30, 2025. The amount and timing of the proceeds the Company receives from the sale of shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including the numbers of shares the Company may elect to sell, the timing of such sales, the future market price of the Company’s Class A Common stock and the payment of the cash commitment fee. For the year ended September 30, 2024, cash commitment and other fees under the Purchase Agreement totaling $1,577 are included in “Other non-operating losses, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Note 15 — Warrants
Outstanding warrants consist of the following:
Schedule of Outstanding Warrants
In April 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional accredited investor, pursuant to which it issued 3,850,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 1,026,860shares of Class A Common Stock and common stock warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 4,876,860 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (together, the “April 2025 Offering”). The pre-funded warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and was immediately exercisable. The Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.8202, are currently exercisable and will expire on May 30, 2030. The net proceeds to the Company from the April 2025 Offering were $3,645, after payment of the placement agent’s fees of $355. During the year ended September 30, 2025, the investor fully exercised the pre-funded warrant for net proceeds to the Company of $0.
In connection with the April 2025 Offering, the Company also amended the PIPE Common Warrants (see “July 2024 Private Placement,” below). The Company allocated the proceeds of the April 2025 Offering among the liability-classified warrants issued and amended based on their estimated fair values, with the remainder of the proceeds allocated to the shares of Class A Common Stock issued.
The Company also issued the placement agent warrants to purchase an aggregate of 682,760 shares of Class A Common Stock. These warrants have an exercise price of $0.8202 per share, are currently exercisable and will expire on April 4, 2030. The Company allocated the transaction costs, including the fair value of the placement agent warrants, among the liability-classified and equity-classified securities issued in the April 2025 Offering. The portion of such costs allocated to liability-classified securities of $443 is included in “Financing costs expensed” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
July 2024 Private Placement
In July 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with an institutional accredited investor, pursuant to which it issued a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 2,877,698 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 5,755,396 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (“PIPE Common Warrants”). The Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.001 per share, is immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire when exercised in full. The PIPE Common Warrants are comprised of Series A warrants to purchase up to 2,877,698 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Series A Warrants”) and Series B warrants to purchase up to 2,877,698 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Series B Warrants”). The PIPE Common Warrants initially had an exercise price of $1.39 per share, were exercisable beginning on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of common stock upon exercise of the PIPE Common Warrants. The Series A Warrants will expire five years from the date of such stockholder approval and the Series B warrants will expire twelve months from the date of stockholder approval. Gross proceeds from the Private Placement were $4,000, before payment of fees and expenses to the placement agent of $415. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the investor fully exercised the pre-funded warrant, for net proceeds to the Company of $3.
In connection with the Private Placement, the Company issued the placement agent warrants to purchase an aggregate of 201,439 shares of its Class A Common Stock. The placement agent warrants have an exercise price of $1.7375 per share, are exercisable upon stockholder approval and expire five years thereafter. Moreover, upon any exercise for cash of the PIPE Common Warrants, the Company is obligated to pay the placement agent cash fees aggregating 8% of the gross exercise price and issue to the placement agent warrants to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of such shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the PIPE Common Warrants.
As a result of these transactions, during the year ended September 30, 2024 the Company recognized a loss of $2,894, representing the excess of the fair value of Pre-Funded Warrants and the PIPE Common Warrants over the proceeds received, the fair value of the warrants issued to the placement agent and the fees and expenses paid to the placement agent, which is included in “Financing costs expensed” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In connection with the April 2025 Offering, the Company amended the 5,755,396 then outstanding PIPE Common Warrants to reduce the exercise price from $1.39 per share to $0.8202 per share. The Company also extended the term of the Series B warrants from January 3, 2026 to April 3, 2026. The term of the Series A Warrants remains unchanged and will expire on January 3, 2030. In September 2025, the Company further amended the remaining Series B Warrants, extending their expiration date to April 3, 2030 (see “Warrant Exercise Inducement,” below).
In September 2025, the Company entered into a warrant exercise inducement offer letter (the “Inducement Letter”) with a holder of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the holder exercised for cash warrants to purchase 5,486,467 shares of Class A Common Stock, consisting of (i) 1,484,953 shares underlying Series A Warrants, (ii) 1,484,952 shares underlying Series B Warrants and (iii) 2,516,562 shares underlying Common Warrants, each at the current exercise price of $0.8202 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4,500 from the exercise of these warrants. In connection with the warrant exercise inducement, the Company paid its financial advisor a cash placement fee of $315 and issued the financial advisor warrants to purchase up to 384,053 shares of its Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.08 per share.
In consideration for the holder’s agreement to exercise the warrants for cash, the Company agreed to issue to the holder new warrants (the “Inducement Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,229,701 shares of its Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.08 per share. The Inducement Warrants will become exercisable upon stockholder approval and will expire five years thereafter. The Company also amended the remaining Series B Warrants, extending their expiration date to April 3, 2030. As a result of these transactions, during the year ended September 30, 2025 the Company recognized a non-cash loss of $6,458, representing the estimated the fair value of the Inducement Warrants as of the date of issuance, the increase in the estimated fair value of the remaining Series B Warrants resulting from their amendment and the fair value of the warrants issued to the financial advisor, which is included in “Financing costs expensed” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company determined that the warrants issued to the placement agent and the financial advisor for services rendered in the transactions discussed above met the criteria for classification as equity. The grant date fair value of each of these warrants was accounted for as part of the costs of the respective transactions.
Public Warrants and Private Warrants
In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed 6,000,000 Public Warrants and 3,000,000 Private Warrants issued by Chavant in connection with its initial public offering, each of which entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The Public Warrants and Private Warrants are exercisable at any time through December 21, 2028. The Company may redeem the Public Warrants at a price of $0.01 per warrant if the last reported sale of the Company’s Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any twenty trading days within a thirty-day period. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants. At the time of Closing, the Company estimated the aggregate fair value of the Private Warrants and recognized a liability of $150.
Both the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were subject to adjustment if the Company issued additional equity securities below specified levels in connection with the Merger. As a result of the issuances of shares under the PIPE Subscription Agreement and other agreements in connection with the Merger, the Company adjusted the exercise price of the warrants from $11.50 to $5.79 per share and adjusted the redemption trigger price from $18.00 to $9.06 per share. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a noncash deemed dividend of $661 as a result of the warrant price adjustment.
PIPE Warrants
In connection with the PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Company issued the investors warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Company evaluated these warrants and concluded that they meet the derivative scope exception for contracts in the Company’s own stock. Consequently, the PIPE warrants were recorded in stockholders’ equity. During the year ended September 30, 2025, 1,500,000 PIPE warrants were exercised, for net proceeds of $15.
Other Warrants
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 130,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock at $0.01 per share to a service provider, in respect of services rendered to Legacy Mobix prior to the Merger. In addition, as described in Note 10, Debt, during the year ended September 30, 2024 Legacy Mobix failed to repay the principal amount of a note payable by its maturity date and was obligated to issue warrants to purchase 103,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock at $0.01 per share to the lender as additional consideration. The Company initially recorded a liability of $732 in the consolidated balance sheets for the estimated fair value of the warrants. For the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a non-cash gain of $400 from the change in the fair value of the liability, which is included in “Other non-operating losses, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company valued the warrants using a probability-weighted expected return model. In April 2024, the Company issued the warrants to the lender, and the lender exercised the warrants.
Legacy Mobix Warrants
In connection with the Merger, all of Legacy Mobix’s outstanding warrants were assumed by the Company and converted into the same number of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, with no change to their exercise prices or other terms. Subsequent to the Merger, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 373,031 shares were exercised and converted into 369,671 shares of Class A Common Stock, with no cash proceeds to the Company. During the year ended September 30, 2024, Legacy Mobix granted warrants to purchase an aggregate of 27,413 shares of common stock at a price of $0.01 per share to investors in connection with the sale of shares of its common stock. See Note 14, Equity.
Accounting for Liability-Classified Warrants
The Company evaluated all common stock warrants at the time of issuance (or at the Closing) and concluded that the Private Warrants, Pre-Funded Warrants, PIPE Common Warrants, Common Warrants, Inducement Warrants and do not meet the derivative scope exception. Specifically, these warrants contain provisions that affect their settlement amounts which are not inputs into the pricing of a fixed-for-fixed option on equity shares. Therefore, these warrants are not considered indexed to the Company’s stock and must be classified as liabilities. At their respective dates of issuance (or, in the case of the Private Warrants, at the time of the Merger), the Company recognized a liability for each of the warrants in the amount of their estimated fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company subsequently adjusted the carrying amount of the liability for each warrant to its estimated fair value as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 (or through the warrants’ respective dates of exercise, if earlier). As a result of changes in the fair value of the warrants, for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized net non-cash gains of $804 and $1,415, respectively, which are included in “Change in fair value of warrants” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the related liabilities of $6,859 and $2,139, respectively, are included in “Other noncurrent liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets.
See Note 17, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the Company’s measurements with respect to liability-classified warrants.
Note 16 — Stock-Based Compensation
In connection with the Merger, the Company adopted the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan, which provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock awards, RSUs and other stock-based compensation awards to employees, directors, officers, consultants or others who provide services to the Company. The specific terms of such awards are to be established by the board of directors or a committee thereof. As of September 30, 2025, 2,560,898 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock are available for the grant of awards under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.
Also in connection with the Merger, the Company adopted the 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to assist eligible employees in acquiring stock ownership in the Company and the Company reserved 687,055 shares of its Class A Common Stock for issuance under the plan. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had not commenced any offering period nor sold any shares under this plan.
Restricted Stock Units
In connection with the Merger, all of Legacy Mobix’s RSUs were assumed by the Company and converted into an RSU covering the same number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.
As of September 30, 2023, the Company had committed to issue to certain officers and key employees, contingent upon closing of the Merger, an aggregate of 5,000,000 RSUs (of which 1,000,000 were modified to warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock upon the holder’s termination of employment) over three years, beginning on the first anniversary of the Closing of the Merger. Because the vesting of these awards was subject to both a service condition and a performance condition (the completion of the Merger), the Company initially determined that vesting of the awards was not probable and did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense for these awards prior to the Closing. Upon Closing, the performance condition was satisfied, and vesting of the awards is subject only to a service condition. As a result, the Company is required to recognize the value of these awards over the requisite service period. During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a catch-up for the portion of the service period completed prior to the performance condition being satisfied and is recognizing the remainder of the cost over the remaining service period.
Also during the year ended September 30, 2024, in connection with a separation of employment, the Company modified 1,000,000 RSUs held by an employee such that the RSUs—which were subject to forfeiture under their original terms—would continue to vest over their original service period. Because the fair value of the modified awards was lower than the grant-date fair value of the original awards, the Company recognized a $2,242 reduction of stock-based compensation expense during the year ended September 30, 2024.
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company and a former employee entered into certain agreements wherein the Company agreed to accelerate the vesting of 999,999 common stock warrants and grant the holder an additional 250,000 common stock warrants. The warrants are immediately exercisable and have an exercise price of $0.01 per share. Subsequently, the Company agreed to cancel 450,000 of these common stock warrants and replace them with the same number of fully vested RSUs. As a result of the acceleration of vesting and the grant of the warrants, during the year ended September 30, 2025 the Company recognized additional stock-based compensation expense of $6,917.
A summary of activity in the Company’s RSUs for the year ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:
Schedule of Activity in the Company's RSUs
Unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs was $14,066 as of September 30, 2025 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.
Restricted Stock Awards
During the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) for a total of 5,100,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to two officers and directors of the Company. The restricted stock awards were made pursuant to separate award agreements between the Company and each of the recipients. One RSA will vest in specified quarterly amounts from July 2025 through July 2028; the other RSA will vest over a two-year period and can be accelerated if certain stock price thresholds are met.
A summary of activity in the Company’s RSAs for the year ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:
Schedule of Activity in the Company's RSAs
Unrecognized compensation expense related to RSAs was $2,855 as of September 30, 2025 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.
Stock Options
Stock options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plan may be Incentive Stock Options (“ISOs”) or Non-Statutory Stock Options (“NSOs”). ISOs may be granted only to employees and NSOs may be granted to employees and consultants. The types of awards granted to consultants do not vary in characteristics from those granted to employees. The term of each option, which is stated in each option agreement, cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price is determined by the Company’s board of directors. If granted to an employee (other than employee who owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock), the option exercise price cannot be less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant as determined by the Company’s board of directors. Vesting requirements for options granted under the plans are determined by the board of directors. Stock option awards generally vest over periods of one to four years. Certain awards require the performance of one year of service before vesting commences, with a specified percentage of the award vesting after one year of service, and the remainder vesting ratably over the remaining vesting period.
In connection with the Merger, all Legacy Mobix stock options were assumed by the Company and converted into the same number of stock options of the Company, with no change to their exercise prices, vesting conditions or other terms.
Stock option activity for the year ended September 30, 2025 is as follows:
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, totaling $399 as of September 30, 2025, is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable as of September 30, 2025 was $414 and $414, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended September 30, 2024 was $4,709. The total fair value of options that vested during the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $593 and $1,726, respectively.
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended September 30, 2024 was $3.50. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated with the following assumptions:
Schedule of Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Granted
September 30, 2024
The consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Schedule of Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Note 17 — Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes the aggregate carrying value of debt approximates its fair value as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 due to the relatively short duration of the notes payable, the 7% promissory notes - related parties and the notes payable - related parties.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:
Schedule of Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis
The Company classifies the earnout liability, the PIPE make-whole liability and the liability-classified warrants and the SAFEs as Level 3 financial instruments due to the judgment required to develop the assumptions used and the significance of those assumptions to the fair value measurement. No financial instruments were transferred between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the balance of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:
Schedule of Fair Value Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation
Liability-Classified Warrants
The Company estimates the fair value of liability classified warrants, other than the Private Warrants, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, as described above under Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Stock-Based Compensation. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of liability-classified warrants at the respective dates:
Schedule of Fair Value of Liability-Classified Warrants
The Company estimates the fair value of the Private Warrants based on quoted market prices for the Public Warrants, which have substantially the same economic characteristics.
Earnout Liability
The Company estimates the fair value of the earnout liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model that utilizes assumptions, including volatility, expected term and risk-free rate that determine the probability of achieving the earnout conditions. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the earnout liability at the respective dates:
Note 18 — Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes net loss per share of Class A and Class B Common Stock using the two-class method. Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares and the effect of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options, warrants, RSAs, RSUs and other contingently issuable shares. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, warrants, RSAs, RSUs and other contingently issuable shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method and treasury stock method, as applicable. The computation of the diluted net loss per share of Class A Common Stock assumes the conversion of Class B Common Stock, while the diluted net loss per share of Class B Common Stock does not assume the conversion of those shares.
In periods where the Company has a net loss, most potentially dilutive securities are not included in the computation as their impact is anti-dilutive; those potentially dilutive securities whose impact is dilutive are included in the computation. In periods where their effect is dilutive, the PIPE make-whole liability and the liability-classified warrants are included in the computation of diluted loss per share as if the underlying shares had been issued as of the later of the beginning of the fiscal period or the date of issuance of those securities. Inclusion of those securities increases both the net loss for the period and the number of shares used in the per share computation and is dilutive to the Company’s net loss per share.
Schedule of Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted
For the purposes of applying the if converted method or treasury stock method for calculating diluted earnings per share, the Public Warrants, Private Warrants, PIPE Common Warrants, Placement Agent Warrants, RSAs, RSUs and stock options result in anti-dilution. Therefore, these securities are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share. The Earnout Shares and shares issuable under the Rage Earnout were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding because the number of dilutive shares is, in each case, based on a contingency which had not been met during the periods presented herein. The potential shares of Class A Common Stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have an antidilutive effect were as follows:
Schedule of Antidilutive Shares
Note 19 — Concentrations
Significant Customers
For the year ended September 30, 2025, one customer accounted for 50% of the Company’s net revenue. For the year ended September 30, 2024, one customer accounted for 40% of the Company’s net revenue. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of net revenue in the respective periods.
As of September 30, 2025, two customers had balances due that represented 30% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. As of September 30, 2024, two customers had balances due that represented 71% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.
Note 20 — Segment Information
The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. All significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Company as one operating segment to allocate resources, make operating decisions, and evaluate financial performance.
The CODM considers consolidated net income (loss) to be the measure of segment profit and loss for monitoring budget versus actual results, performing variance analysis, and forecasting future performance. The CODM considers the impact of significant segment expenses on net income, which are the same expenses presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss when making operating decisions.
The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets. The CODM does not review segment assets at a level other than that presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Revenues by Geographic Region
The Company’s net revenue by geographic region, based on ship-to location, are summarized as follows:
Schedule of Company’s Net Revenue by Geographic Region
Long-Lived Assets
Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States.
Note 21 — Subsequent Events
On October 21, 2025, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Manager”) under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, up to $15,800 in shares of its Class A Common Stock through the Manager acting in its capacity as its sales agent.
Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, sales of the Common Stock, if any, will be made under the Company’s effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284351), previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 17, 2025 and declared effective on January 24, 2025, and the prospectus supplement relating to this offering for up to $15,800 in shares of its Common Stock, filed on October 21, 2025 by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including privately negotiated and block transactions. The Manager will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market to sell the Common Stock from time to time, based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company will pay the Manager a commission of three percent of the gross sales proceeds of any Common Stock sold through the Manager under the ATM Agreement, and also has provided the Manager with customary indemnification rights. The Company also reimbursed the Manager for certain expenses in connection with entering into the ATM Agreement.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes. The amount and timing of the proceeds the Company receives from the sale of its Class A Common Stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including the numbers of shares the Company may elect to sell, the timing of such sales and the future market price of the Company’s Class A Common stock.
Modification of Warrants
On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into amendments to the PIPE Common Warrants, the Common Warrants and the Inducement Warrants, which comprise warrants to purchase an aggregate of 13,375,490shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. The amendments revise certain terms of the warrants with the objective that, under the applicable guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815, the warrants are expected to be equity-classified financial instruments. The amendments did not affect any terms of the warrants that are inputs into the estimation of the fair value of warrants under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which the Company uses to estimate the fair value of warrants. As part of these amendments, the Company issued the warrant holder an additional warrant to purchase 1,000,000shares of Class A Common Stock on the same terms as the Inducement Warrant, including an exercise price of $1.08per share.
Settlement of Liabilities
In October 2025, the Company executed exchange agreements with two vendors, pursuant to which the Company issued 477,954 shares of its Class A Common Stock in exchange for the cancellation of $405 of obligations.
Also in October 2025, the Company executed an exchange agreement with the holder of a note payable, pursuant to which the Company issued 687,894shares of its Class A Common Stock in exchange for the cancellation of the note payable and accrued interest of $511.
Borrowings
In November 2025, the Company amended a note payable with an unaffiliated investor to increase the borrowings thereunder, for net proceeds of $112. Amounts owed under this note are payable in weekly installments through May, 2027.
In November and December 2025, the Company entered into two amended agreements for the sale of future receipts, wherein the Company sold future receipts totaling $1,966 for net proceeds of $806. Amounts owed under these agreements are payable in weekly installments through July, 2026.
In December 2025, the Company issued a $1,100 promissory note for net proceeds of $800. The $1,100 principal amount of the promissory note will be payable, without interest, in June 2027.
Issuance of Class A Common Stock
On January 6, 2026, the Company entered into certain securities purchase agreements with unrelated investors relating to a public offering of 30,000,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock at a price to the public of $0.20 per share (the “Offering”). In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay the placement agent a cash placement fee equal to 8.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the Offering. Subject to certain conditions, the Company also agreed to reimburse the placement agent up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds raised in the Offering for non-accountable expenses and up to $100 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses. The Company also agreed to indemnify the placement agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments that the placement agent may be required to make in respect of those liabilities. The net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $5,135, after deducting placement agent fees and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2025. We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as described below, and, as a result, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2025.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2025 due to the material weaknesses described below.
These material weaknesses resulted in adjustments to revenue, accrued expenses, general and administrative expenses, inventory, costs of products sold, the accounting for and classification of redeemable convertible preferred stock, founders preferred and common stock, stock-based compensation expense, other current assets, income tax expense and deferred tax liabilities, as well as the purchase price allocation for our business combination, as of and for the years ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; adjustments to stock-based compensation expense, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and the PIPE make-whole liability, as well as the purchase price allocations for our business combinations as of and for the interim periods ended December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024, and as of and for the year ended September 30, 2024; and, an adjustment to the number of shares of our Class B Common Stock reported as issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025.
Additionally, these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
Remediation Plan
We have begun an implementation plan to remediate these material weaknesses, which we expect will result in significant future costs for us.
Those remediation measures will include (i) hiring additional accounting and IT personnel to enhance our financial reporting, accounting and IT capabilities; (ii) designing and implementing controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities and designing and implementing controls over segregation of duties; (iii) designing and implementing controls to identify and evaluate changes in our business and the impact on our internal control over financial reporting; (iv) designing and implementing controls over the proper authorization of transactions; (v) designing and implementing controls to identify, account for, and value non-routine, unusual or complex transactions; (vi) designing and implementing formal accounting policies, procedures and controls supporting our financial close process, including controls over account reconciliations and journal entries; (vii) designing and implementing controls over determining the appropriate grant date for stock options and evaluating the assumptions used within the Black-Scholes model; (viii) designing and implementing controls over the completeness and accuracy of the income tax provision and related disclosure; (ix) designing and implementing controls over the classification and presentation of accounts and disclosures in our financial statements and to ensure revenue transactions are recorded in the correct period; (x) implementing a more sophisticated IT system; and (xi) designing and implementing IT general controls.
The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan as described above has been fully implemented and we determine no further changes to the remediation plan are necessary, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively.
Notwithstanding the above, our management believes that the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, none of our officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) or directors adoptedor terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
In December 2025, the Company issued a $1.1 million promissory note for net proceeds of $800,000. The $1.1 million principal amount of the promissory note will be payable, without interest, in June 2027.
Compliance with the Nasdaq Market Value of Listed Shares Requirement
On January 9, 2026, we received verbal notice from Nasdaq, notifying us that, for the last thirty consecutive business days, the market value of our listed securities has been below the minimum $35 million requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2).
We have 180 calendar days from the date we receive the Nasdaq delinquency notification letter to regain compliance with the MVLS Requirement. If at any time during the 180 days the market value of our listed securities closes at $35 million or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that we comply with the MVLS Requirement. If we fail to timely regain compliance with the MVLS Requirement, Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that our common stock is subject to delisting.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item will be included in our Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after September 30, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements. See our Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules. None.
(3) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit
Number
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on January 12, 2026.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.