UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10-K
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 1-5684W.W. Grainger, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(847)535-1000 (Registrant’s telephone number including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ___X____ No _______
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy of information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was $4,477,602,395 as of the close of trading reported on the Consolidated Transaction Reporting System on June 30, 2004. The Company does not have nonvoting common equity.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Portions of the proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders of the registrant to be held on April 27, 2005, are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
COMPETITION
EMPLOYEES
WEB SITE ACCESS TO COMPANY REPORTS
PROPERTIES
21 - 22
Item 1: Business
The Company W.W. Grainger, Inc., incorporated in the State of Illinois in 1928, is in the service business. It distributes products used by businesses and institutions across North America to keep their facilities and equipment running. In this report, the words “Grainger” or “Company” mean W.W. Grainger, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Grainger uses a multichannel business model to serve approximately 1.6 million customers of all sizes with multiple ways to find and purchase facilities maintenance and other products through a network of branches, field sales representatives, call centers, direct marketing media and the Internet. Orders can be placed via telephone, fax, Internet or in person. Products are available for immediate pick-up or for shipment.
Operating results are reported in three segments: Branch-based Distribution, Lab Safety and Integrated Supply. The Branch-based Distribution businesses primarily serve the needs of North American businesses for facility maintenance products. Lab Safety Supply, Inc. (Lab Safety), a direct marketing company, serves customers who purchase safety, industrial and other products. Integrated Supply serves customers seeking to outsource some or all of their indirect materials management processes.
Grainger has internal business support functions which provide coordination and guidance in the areas of accounting, administrative services, business development, communications, compensation and benefits, employee development, enterprise systems, finance, human resources, insurance and risk management, internal audit, investor relations, legal, real estate and construction services, security and safety, taxes and treasury services. These services are provided in varying degrees to all business units.
Grainger does not engage in basic or substantive product research and development activities. Items are regularly added to and deleted from Grainger’s product lines on the basis of market research, recommendations of customers and suppliers, sales volumes and other factors.
Branch-based DistributionThe Branch-based Distribution businesses provide North American customers with product solutions for facility maintenance and other product needs through logistics networks, which are configured for rapid product availability. Grainger offers a broad selection of facility maintenance and other products through local branches, catalogs and the Internet. The Branch-based Distribution businesses consist of the following Grainger divisions: Industrial Supply, Acklands – Grainger Inc. (Canada), FindMRO, Export, Global Sourcing, Parts, Grainger, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico), Grainger Caribe Inc. (Puerto Rico) and China Distribution. The more significant of these businesses are described below.
Industrial SupplyIndustrial Supply offers U.S. businesses and institutions a combination of product breadth, local availability, speed of delivery, detailed product information, simplicity of ordering and competitively priced products. Industrial Supply distributes material handling equipment, safety and security supplies, lighting and electrical products, tools and test instruments, pumps and plumbing supplies, cleaning and painting supplies and many other items. Its customers range from small and medium-sized businesses to large corporations and governmental and other institutions. During 2004, Industrial Supply completed an average of 89,000 sales transactions daily.
Industrial Supply operates 408 branches located in all 50 states. These branches are generally located within 20 minutes of the majority of U.S. businesses and serve the immediate needs of their local markets by allowing customers to pick up items directly from the branches.
Branches range in size from small, will-call branches to large master branches. The Grainger Express® will-call branches average 1,800 square feet, do not stock inventory and provide convenient pick-up locations. Branches primarily fulfill counter and will-call needs and provide customer service. Master branches handle a higher volume of counter and will-call customers daily, in addition to shipping to customers for other branches in their area. On average, a branch is 20,000 square feet in size, has 11 employees and handles about 136 transactions per day. In 2004, Industrial Supply opened 19 new branches, relocated 15 branches and expanded or remodeled 17 branches. Five branches were closed in 2004.
In March 2004, Industrial Supply completed the project of reconfiguring its distribution network. The new network is comprised of nine distribution centers (DCs) – five new and four redesigned facilities – which handle most of the customer shipping and also replenish branch inventories. The new facilities average more than 300,000 square feet in size. The DCs, using automated equipment and processes, ship orders, including Internet orders, directly to customers for all branches located in their service areas. The DC located in Chicago is also a national distribution center providing customers and the entire network with slower moving inventory items.
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Industrial Supply sells principally to customers in industrial and commercial maintenance departments, service shops, manufacturers, hotels, government, retail organizations, transportation businesses, contractors, and healthcare and educational facilities. Sales transactions during 2004 were made to approximately 1.3 million customers. Approximately 24% of 2004 sales consisted of private label items bearing the Company’s registered trademarks, including DAYTON® (principally electric motors, heating and ventilation equipment), TEEL® (liquid pumps), SPEEDAIRE® (air compressors), AIR HANDLER® (air filtration equipment), DEM-KOTE® (spray paints), WESTWARD® (principally hand and power tools), CONDOR™ (safety products) and LUMAPRO® (task and outdoor lighting). Grainger has taken steps to protect these trademarks against infringement and believes that they will remain available for future use in its business. Sales of remaining items generally consisted of products carrying the names of other well-recognized brands.
The current Industrial Supply catalog, issued in February 2005, offers more than 82,000 facility maintenance and other products. Approximately 1.4 million copies of the catalog were produced. A CD-ROM version of the catalog supplements the paper version. Approximately 690,000 copies of the CD-ROM catalog were produced.
Customers can also purchase products through grainger.com. This Web site serves as a prominent service channel for the Industrial Supply division. Customers have access to a much larger selection of products through grainger.com than is contained in the catalog. It is available 24/7, providing real-time product availability, customer-specific pricing, multiple product search capabilities, customer personalization, and links to customer support and the fulfillment system. For large customers interested in connecting to grainger.com through sophisticated purchasing platforms, grainger.com has a universal connection. This technology translates the different data formats used by electronic marketplaces, exchanges, and e-procurement systems and allows these systems to communicate directly with Industrial Supply’s operating platform. Orders processed through grainger.com resulted in sales of $611.3 million in 2004, $478.6 million in 2003 and $419.5 million in 2002.
Industrial Supply purchases products for sale from approximately 1,100 suppliers, most of which are manufacturers. No single supplier comprised more than 10% of Industrial Supply’s purchases and no significant difficulty has been encountered with respect to sources of supply.
Acklands – Grainger Inc. (Acklands) Acklands is Canada’s leading broad-line distributor of industrial, automotive fleet and safety supplies. It serves customers through 166 branches and five distribution centers across Canada. Acklands distributes tools, lighting products, safety supplies, pneumatics, instruments, welding equipment and supplies, motors, shop equipment and many other items. During 2004, approximately 14,000 sales transactions were completed daily. A comprehensive catalog, printed in both English and French, showcases the product line to facilitate customer selection. This catalog, with more than 43,000 products, supports the efforts of field sales representatives throughout Canada. In addition, customers can purchase products through www.acklandsgrainger.com.
FindMROFindMRO is a sourcing service. Through sophisticated search technologies and sourcing expertise, FindMRO locates facilities maintenance and other products when a source is unknown to the customer. FindMRO has access to more than 4,000 suppliers and five million products. Orders can be placed with a Grainger sales representative or a branch employee.
Global Sourcing Global Sourcing procures competitively priced, high-quality products produced outside the United States. Grainger businesses sell these items primarily under private labels. Products obtained through Global Sourcing include WESTWARD® tools, LUMAPRO® lighting products and CONDOR™ safety products, as well as products bearing other trademarks.
Parts Parts provides customers access to more than 2.5 million parts and accessories, stocking nearly 76,000 of them in its Northbrook, Illinois, warehouse. Customers can purchase parts over the telephone, at grainger.com, or through a Grainger sales representative or branch employee. Trained customer service representatives have online access to more than 300,000 pages of detailed parts diagrams. Parts handled approximately 1.5 million customer calls in 2004 through its call center in Waterloo, Iowa.
Mexico Grainger’s operations in Mexico provide local businesses with facility maintenance and other products from both Mexico and the United States. From its six locations in Mexico and U.S. branches along the border, the business provides delivery of approximately 43,000 products throughout Mexico. One new branch was opened in 2004. The largest facility, an 85,000 square foot DC, is located outside of Monterrey, Mexico. Customers can order products using a Spanish-language general catalog or purchase them through www.grainger.com.mx.
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Lab Safety Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products to U.S. and Canadian businesses. Headquartered in Janesville, Wisconsin, Lab Safety primarily reaches its customers through the distribution of multiple branded catalogs, including a CD-ROM version, and other marketing materials distributed throughout the year to targeted markets. Customers can purchase products through www.lss.com, www.benmeadows.com and www.gemplers.com.
Lab Safety offers extensive product depth, technical support and high service levels. During 2004, Lab Safety issued 11 unique catalogs covering safety supplies, material handling and facility maintenance products, lab supplies, security and other products targeted to specific customer groups. Lab Safety provides access to more than 130,000 products through its targeted catalogs.
Integrated Supply Integrated Supply serves customers who have chosen to outsource some or all of their indirect materials management processes. This service enables customers to focus on their core business objectives. Integrated Supply offers a full complement of on-site outsourcing solutions, including business process reengineering, inventory and tool crib management, purchasing management and information management.
In 2005, Integrated Supply will no longer offer on-site integrated purchasing and tool crib management services. It will be merged into the Industrial Supply division and be reported in the Branch-based Distribution segment. Industrial Supply plans to fulfill, but not renew, existing Integrated Supply contracts.
Industry Segments For 2004, Grainger is reporting three industry segments: Branch-based Distribution, Lab Safety and Integrated Supply. Beginning January 1, 2005, Integrated Supply will no longer be reported as a separate segment. For segment and geographical information and consolidated net sales and operating earnings see “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Competition Grainger faces competition in all markets it serves, from manufacturers (including some of its own suppliers) that sell directly to certain segments of the market, wholesale distributors, catalog houses and certain retail enterprises.
Grainger provides local product availability, sales representatives, competitive pricing, catalogs (which include product descriptions and, in certain cases, extensive technical and application data), electronic and Internet commerce technology and other services to assist customers in lowering their total facility maintenance costs. Grainger believes that it can effectively compete with manufacturers on small orders, but manufacturers may have an advantage in filling large orders.
Grainger serves a number of diverse markets. Based on available data, Grainger estimates the United States market for facilities maintenance products to be approximately $100 billion, of which Grainger’s share is between 4 and 5 percent. There are a small number of large competitors, although most of the market is served by small, local and regional competitors.
Employees As of December 31, 2004, Grainger had 15,523 employees, of whom 13,260 were full-time and 2,263 were part-time or temporary. Grainger has never had a major work stoppage and considers employee relations to be good.
Web Site Access to Company Reports Grainger makes available, free of charge, through its Web site, its Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after this material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. This material may be accessed by visiting www.grainger.com/investor.
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Item 2: Properties
As of December 31, 2004, Grainger’s owned and leased facilities totaled 17,936,000 square feet, essentially the same as 2003. Decreases due to the sale of the former New Jersey facility and to the consolidation of Canadian facilities were offset by increases related to the market expansion program. Industrial Supply and Acklands accounted for the majority of the total square footage. Industrial Supply facilities are located throughout the United States. Acklands facilities are located throughout Canada.
Industrial Supply branches range in size from 1,200 to 109,000 square feet and average approximately 20,000 square feet. Most are located in or near major metropolitan areas with many located in industrial parks. Typically, a branch is on one floor, is of masonry construction, consists primarily of warehouse space, sales areas and offices and has off-the-street parking for customers and employees. Grainger considers that its properties are generally in good condition and well maintained.
A brief description of significant facilities follows:
Item 3: Legal Proceedings
Grainger has been named, along with numerous other nonaffiliated companies, as a defendant in litigation in various states involving asbestos and/or silica. These lawsuits typically assert claims of personal injury arising from alleged exposure to asbestos and/or silica as a consequence of products purportedly distributed by Grainger. As of January 28, 2005, Grainger is named in cases filed on behalf of approximately 3,700 plaintiffs in which there is an allegation of exposure to asbestos and/or silica. In addition, during 2004, five cases previously filed against Grainger alleging exposure to cotton dust were amended to include allegations relating to asbestos; these cases involve approximately 2,100 plaintiffs.
Grainger has denied, or intends to deny, the allegations in all of the above-described lawsuits. In 2004, lawsuits relating to asbestos and/or silica and involving approximately 700 plaintiffs were dismissed with respect to Grainger, typically based on the lack of product identification. If a specific product distributed by Grainger is identified in any of these lawsuits, Grainger would attempt to exercise indemnification remedies against the product manufacturer. In addition, Grainger believes that a substantial portion of these claims are covered by insurance. Grainger is engaged in active discussions with its insurance carriers regarding the scope and amount of coverage. While Grainger is unable to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, it believes that the ultimate resolution will not have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Grainger’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
On September 28, 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) filed an administrative complaint against Grainger seeking a civil penalty of $0.4 million for alleged violations of federal clean-air law and regulations. The complaint alleges that Grainger sold a “non-essential” wheel chock product which contained and/or was manufactured with an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). The complaint also alleges that Grainger sold aerosol cleaning fluids containing an ODS without displaying proper notification where the products were sold. According to the complaint, Grainger sold the cleaning fluids to persons who did not provide proof that they were commercial purchasers and failed to verify that such persons were commercial purchasers. Grainger does not believe that the resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on Grainger’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
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In addition to the foregoing, from time to time Grainger is involved in various other legal and administrative proceedings that are incidental to its business. These include claims relating to product liability, general negligence, environmental issues, employment, intellectual property and other matters. As a government contractor, from time to time Grainger is also subject to governmental or regulatory inquiries or audits. It is not expected that the ultimate resolution of any of these matters will have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Grainger’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Item 4: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.
Executive Officers
Following is information about the Executive Officers of Grainger including age in February 2005. Executive Officers of Grainger generally serve until the next annual election of officers, or until earlier resignation or removal.
Name and Age
Positions and Offices Held and Principal Occupations and Employment During the Past Five Years
PART II
Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information and Dividends Grainger’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange, with the ticker symbol GWW. The high and low sales prices for the common stock and the dividends declared and paid for each calendar quarter during 2004 and 2003 are shown below.
Holders The approximate number of shareholders of record of Grainger’s common stock as of January 31, 2005 was 1,300.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities – Fourth Quarter
Other On May 21, 2004, Grainger timely submitted to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) a 2004 Annual CEO Certification, in which Grainger’s Chief Executive Officer certified that he was not aware of any violation by Grainger of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards as of the date of the certification.
Item 6: Selected Financial Data
The results for 2004 included an effective tax rate, excluding the effect of equity in unconsolidated entities, of 35.6%, which was down from 40.0% in the prior year. The lower tax rate resulted in an increase to earnings of $19.4 million or $0.21 per diluted share. The tax rate reduction was primarily due to a lower tax rate in Canada, the realization of tax benefits related to operations in Mexico and to capital losses, the recognition of tax benefits from the “Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003” (the Medicare Act) and the resolution of certain federal and state tax contingencies.
The results for 2002 included an after-tax gain on the sale of securities of $4.5 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, and an after-tax gain on the reduction of restructuring reserves established for the shutdown of the Material Logic business of $1.2 million, or $0.01 per diluted share. These were offset by the cumulative effect of a change in accounting for the write-down of goodwill of $23.9 million after-tax, or $0.26 per diluted share, related to Grainger’s Canadian subsidiary.
The results for 2001 included an after-tax charge of $36.6 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, related to the restructuring charge established in connection with the closing of the Material Logic business and the write-down of investments in other digital enterprises.
The results for 2000 included an after-tax gain of $17.9 million, or $0.19 per diluted share, related to sales of investment securities.
For further information see “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Notes 3 and 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview General.Grainger is the leading broad-line supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products in North America. For each of the three years presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, Grainger reported its operating results in three segments: Branch-based Distribution, Lab Safety and Integrated Supply. Grainger distributes a wide range of products used by businesses and institutions to keep their facilities and equipment up and running. Grainger uses a multichannel business model to provide customers with a range of options for finding and purchasing products through a network of branches, field sales forces, direct marketing including catalogs, and a variety of electronic and Internet channels. Grainger serves customers through a network of 582 branches, 17 distribution centers and multiple Web sites.
Beginning January 1, 2005, Grainger’s Integrated Supply business will no longer offer on-site integrated purchasing and tool crib management services and will be merged into Grainger’s Industrial Supply division within the Branch-based Distribution segment. Grainger Industrial Supply plans to fulfill, but not renew, existing Integrated Supply contracts. As such, in 2005 Integrated Supply will no longer be reported as a separate segment and Grainger will report its operating results in two segments: Branch-based Distribution and Lab Safety.
Business Environment. Several economic factors and industry trends shape Grainger’s business environment. The current overall economy and leading economic indicators forecast by economists provide insight into anticipated economic factors for the near term and help in the development of projections for the upcoming year. At the start of 2005, the Consensus Forecast-USA is predicting GDP and Industrial Production growth of 3 to 4 percent for 2005.
In 2004, Grainger benefited from the economic recovery in the United States. Grainger’s sales correlate positively with production growth. With the improvement in Industrial Production and general growth in the economy, Grainger realized an increase in sales across all customer segments. Grainger’s sales also tend to increase when non-farm payrolls grow, especially during economic recoveries. Non-farm payrolls increased approximately 1%, on average, in 2004 over 2003. For 2004, Grainger benefited from the combination of increased Industrial Production and non-farm payroll growth.
The light and heavy manufacturing customer segments, which comprised over 25% of Grainger’s total 2004 sales, have historically correlated with manufacturing employment levels and manufacturing production. Manufacturing employment levels increased less than 1% during 2004, while manufacturing output increased approximately 4.8%. This contributed to the double-digit sales growth in the light and heavy manufacturing customer segments for Grainger in 2004. Economic forecasts suggest that the manufacturing sector will continue to expand in 2005.
In 2004, Grainger launched a multiyear initiative to strengthen its presence in top metropolitan markets and better position itself to serve the local customer. The success of the market expansion program is expected to be a driver of growth in 2005 and beyond. Three phases of the market expansion program were in progress at December 31, 2004, and are scheduled for completion in 2005. Additional phases are scheduled for 2005 and beyond.
The customer’s buying behavior is also important in Grainger’s business environment. Grainger believes that customers will continue to focus on reducing their cost to procure facilities maintenance products. Grainger is therefore increasing product information available to employees for improved service to customers by installing an upgraded SAP operating system and accelerating the replacement of its legacy information systems with a new integrated software package also provided by SAP, starting with the U.S. branch-based businesses. Integration, volume and user acceptance testing is currently scheduled for the third quarter of 2005.
Grainger’s financial strength, including its low debt and strong cash flow, leaves it well positioned to fund major initiatives, improve effectiveness and accelerate top line growth. Capital spending in 2004 related to the branch network and information technology was approximately $118 million, with total capital expenditures of nearly $161 million. Capital spending was approximately $20 million higher than the most recent forecast due to the acceleration of the replacement and upgrade of the branch communication systems and the ongoing SAP initiatives.
In 2005, total capital expenditures of $150 to $180 million are anticipated. Grainger intends to continue its investment in the market expansion program and information technology enhancements with spending planned for the following major projects:
Capital spending for the market expansion program may be affected by lease or purchase decisions, based on availability of facilities.
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Matters Affecting Comparability. Grainger’s operating results for 2004 included a full year of operating results of Gempler’s. Grainger’s operating results for 2003 included the results of Gempler’s only from the acquisition date of April 14, 2003. Gempler’s results are included in the Lab Safety segment.
Grainger has made reclassifications to the prior years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, to reduce cost of merchandise sold and increase operating (advertising) expenses for vendor provided funding in order to maintain comparable reporting with the year ended December 31, 2004. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results of Operations The following table is included as an aid to understanding changes in Grainger’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings:
2004 Compared to 2003 Grainger’s net sales for 2004 of $5,049.8 million were up 8.2% versus 2003. The increase in net sales was a result of the strengthening in the manufacturing and commercial sectors. Full year results also benefited from the completion of the logistics network upgrade, which improved product availability, as well as from the launch of the market expansion project, an expanded sales force and new communication technology in the U.S. branches. The increase in net sales was realized in the Branch-based Distribution and Lab Safety segments of the business, while net sales in the Integrated Supply segment were essentially flat year over year.
The gross profit margin of 37.8% in 2004 improved 1.6 percentage points over the gross profit margin of 36.2% in 2003, principally due to product cost reduction programs, including the global sourcing of products, combined with selected price increases in 2004 and the positive effect of product mix. These margin improvements were partially offset by unfavorable changes in selling price category mix.
Grainger’s operating earnings of $439.5 million in 2004 increased $52.3 million, or 13.5%, over the prior year. The operating margin of 8.7% in 2004 improved 0.4 percentage point over 2003, as the combined effect of increased sales and improvement in gross profit margin exceeded the increase in operating expenses. Operating expenses were up 12.5% in 2004 principally due to higher variable compensation and benefits associated with the improved performance for the year, as well as to incremental costs related to the market expansion and information technology programs.
In 2004, net earnings of $286.9 million increased $60.0 million, or 26.4%, over the prior year. The growth in net earnings was due to the improvement in operating earnings, higher interest income and a lower tax rate. Diluted earnings per share for 2004 of $3.13 were 27.2% higher than the $2.46 for 2003.
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Segment Analysis The following comments at the segment level include external and intersegment net sales and operating earnings. Comments at the business unit level include external and inter- and intrasegment net sales and operating earnings. See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Branch-based Distribution Net sales of $4,520.0 million in 2004 increased 8.5% over 2003 net sales of $4,167.2 million. Sales in the United States were up 8.2% over the prior year. All customer segments increased, with the strongest sales growth in the manufacturing and commercial sectors. National account sales, which include all customer segments, were up 12%. Sales to government accounts were up 5% primarily due to increased sales to the U.S. Postal Service and to federal, state and local governments. Sales processed through the grainger.com Web site were $611.3 million for 2004, an increase of 27.7% over 2003.
Net sales in Canada were 11.1% higher in 2004 than in 2003, benefiting primarily from a favorable Canadian exchange rate. In local currency, sales increased 3.3%, primarily due to a strengthening in the Canadian economy in the second half of the year driven by the natural resources sector. Sales in Mexico were up 15.4% in 2004 as compared to 2003, driven by an improving local economy, expanded telesales operations and several branch facility enhancements during the year.
Cost of merchandise sold of $2,778.2 million increased $148.6 million, or 5.6%, over 2003 due to increased volume, while gross profit margins improved 1.6 percentage points to 38.5% in 2004 from 36.9% in 2003. Contributing to the improvement in gross profit margin were product cost reduction programs, which included the global sourcing of additional products, combined with selected price increases and the positive effect of product mix. These margin improvements were partially offset by unfavorable changes in selling price category mix.
Operating expenses for the Branch-based Distribution businesses increased 11.6% in 2004. Operating expenses were up primarily as a result of higher sales commissions and bonus and profit sharing accruals associated with the improved 2004 performance, as well as increased costs related to strategic initiatives such as the market expansion program and technology upgrades. Partially offsetting these increases was improved productivity achieved from the redesigned logistics network.
In 2004, operating earnings of $461.4 million increased by $71.2 million, or 18.2%, over 2003. The effect of sales growth, combined with the improvement in gross profit margin, more than offset the increase in operating expenses.
Lab Safety Net sales at Lab Safety were $336.7 million in 2004, an increase of $31.2 million, or 10.2%, when compared with $305.5 million of sales in 2003. Higher sales were principally driven by growth in nonsafety products. Sales through Lab Safety’s Web sites were up 26.1% in 2004 over 2003. Also contributing to the year-over-year increase were incremental sales from Gempler’s, which was acquired on April 14, 2003. Excluding Gempler’s, sales increased 6.1% over 2003.
The gross profit margin of 41.8% decreased 0.4 percentage point when compared to the gross profit margin of 42.2% for 2003. Contributing to the decline was the negative effect of selling price category mix combined with the effect of a full year of Gempler’s sales which carry a lower gross profit margin.
Operating expenses were $95.3 million in 2004, up $8.4 million, or 9.6%, over 2003. The increase over the prior year was principally driven by higher variable compensation expense related to the strong performance for the year, higher catalog media costs and higher benefits expenses from increases in healthcare costs. Also contributing to the increase were costs associated with Gempler’s for a full year in 2004 versus a partial year in 2003.
Operating earnings of $45.5 million were up 8.6% in 2004 over 2003, resulting primarily from the increase in sales, partially offset by the lower gross profit margin and increased operating expenses.
Integrated Supply Integrated Supply net sales of $211.1 million in 2004 were down $0.6 million, or essentially flat when compared with 2003. Incremental sales at ten new customer locations were more than offset by the disengagement of two large customers late in 2003, lower sales to two large customers and lower management fees. Sales included both product sales, which are passed through to the customer at cost, and management fees.
Gross profit declined $0.8 million in 2004 and the gross profit margin of 11.6% declined 0.3 percentage point from 11.9% in 2003. The primary driver of these declines was lower management fees. Operating expenses decreased slightly in 2004, down 0.5%, principally due to a reduction in data processing costs and related contract services.
Operating earnings of $2.5 million for 2004 for Integrated Supply declined $0.7 million, or 23.1%, compared to $3.2 million in 2003.
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Other Income and Expense Other income and expense was $5.6 million of income in 2004, an improvement of $11.8 million as compared with $6.2 million of expense in 2003. The following table summarizes the components of other income and expense:
The improvement in other income and expense in 2004 over 2003 was primarily attributable to net interest income in 2004 versus net interest expense in 2003, as well as a $3.3 million improvement in the results of unconsolidated entities. The change to net interest income in 2004 from net interest expense in 2003 was due to the combination of higher interest rates and invested balances, together with the reduction in outstanding long-term debt balances. Additionally, 2003 included $1.9 million in expense for the write-off of investments in two Asian joint ventures and $1.6 million in expense for the write-down of investment securities. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Taxes Income taxes of $158.2 million in 2004 increased 2.7% as compared with $154.1 million in 2003.
Grainger’s effective tax rates were 35.5% and 40.4% in 2004 and 2003, respectively. Excluding the effect of equity in unconsolidated entities and the write-off of these investments, which are recorded net of tax, the effective income tax rates were 35.6% for 2004 and 40.0% for 2003. The tax rate reduction was primarily due to a lower tax rate in Canada, as well as the realization of tax benefits related to operations in Mexico and to capital losses, the recognition of tax benefits from the Medicare Act and the resolution of certain federal and state tax contingencies.
For 2005, Grainger is projecting its estimated effective tax rate to be 37.0%, excluding the effects of equity in unconsolidated entities.
2003 Compared to 2002 Grainger’s net sales of $4,667.0 million for 2003 were essentially flat compared to 2002. Full-year results were affected by the general weakness in the U.S. economy. Sales in the Branch-based Distribution business segment increased $19.2 million over 2002, or 0.5%, generally unchanged year over year. Revenue increased in the Lab Safety segment, while sales for Integrated Supply declined.
Despite the limited sales growth experienced during the year, gross profit margins improved in 2003 to 36.2% from 35.7%, principally due to favorable changes in product mix and selected price increases designed to offset increased freight and other costs. Grainger’s operating earnings of $387.3 million in 2003 decreased 1.5% from the prior year. Operating margins declined to 8.3% in 2003 from 8.5% in 2002 reflecting higher operating expenses year over year. The principal driver of the operating expense increase was higher severance and healthcare expenses.
Grainger’s net earnings of $227.0 million in 2003 increased $15.4 million, or 7.3%, as compared with 2002 net earnings of $211.6 million. Diluted earnings per share for the year increased to $2.46 in 2003 from $2.24 in 2002. In 2002, Grainger recorded a $23.9 million after-tax charge for the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. The results for 2002 also included an after-tax gain of $1.2 million, or $0.01 per diluted share, from the reduction of restructuring reserves established for the shutdown of Material Logic.
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Branch-based Distribution Net sales at the Branch-based Distribution businesses totaled $4,167.2 million in 2003 and were essentially flat when compared with 2002 sales of $4,148.0 million. Sales in the United States declined approximately 1% in 2003 as compared with 2002. Government account sales were up nearly 11% in 2003, while all other customer segments, including light and heavy manufacturing, were down when compared with 2002. The declines noted in the other customer segments were primarily due to the weakness in the U.S. economy, particularly in manufacturing. Within these customer segments, sales to national accounts increased approximately 2% over 2002.
Sales growth through Internet channels continued in 2003, 15.9% over 2002 and represented 12.6% of segment sales.
Sales in Canada increased 15.4% in 2003, principally due to a favorable exchange rate. In local currency, sales grew 2.7%, primarily in Ontario and national accounts. In Mexico, sales declined 3.7% in 2003 as compared with 2002, principally due to a weak economy in Mexico.
Cost of merchandise sold of $2,629.7 million for 2003 in the Branch-based Distribution businesses was essentially flat compared to $2,638.6 million in 2002. Gross profit margins increased 0.5 percentage point to 36.9% in 2003 from 36.4% in 2002. Selected price increases designed to offset increased freight and other costs both in the United States and Canada, combined with a favorable change in product mix, contributed to the margin increase.
Branch-based Distribution operating expenses increased 2.9% in 2003, primarily due to higher severance and healthcare expenses and increased occupancy costs.
Operating earnings of $390.2 million in 2003 declined by $4.7 million, or 1.2%, as compared with 2002. The increase in operating expenses year over year more than offset the improvement in gross profit margin.
Lab Safety Net sales at Lab Safety increased by $18.7 million to $305.5 million in 2003, a 6.5% increase over 2002. The sales growth was attributable to incremental sales from Gempler’s, acquired on April 14, 2003. Excluding the results of Gempler’s, year-over-year net sales decreased 2.0% as a result of weakness in the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy. A major portion of Lab Safety’s sales are to manufacturers. The overall decline in the manufacturing sector was partially offset by increased sales to customers in the forestry and public safety markets.
The gross profit margin of 42.2% decreased 0.7 percentage point due to incremental sales of Gempler’s products, which have lower gross margins than the rest of Lab Safety’s products. In addition, in 2003 there was a shift in sales mix to lower margin new product sales.
Lab Safety operating expenses of $87.0 million increased 14.6% in 2003, when compared with $75.9 million for 2002. The primary driver of the year-over-year increase was the incremental costs associated with the addition of Gempler’s during the year and higher spending on catalog media.
As a result, operating earnings of $41.9 million for Lab Safety in 2003 declined 11.1% from operating earnings of $47.1 million in 2002.
Integrated SupplyIntegrated Supply net sales of $211.7 million in 2003 were $14.3 million lower than $226.0 million of net sales in 2002. The 6.3% decrease in net sales resulted from six site disengagements, as well as lower volumes from existing customers. The decrease in sales was partially offset by incremental sales at seven new customer sites. Sales included both product sales, which are passed through to the customer at cost, and management fees.
Gross profit declined $1.9 million in 2003 due to lower management fees. Operating expenses of $22.1 million increased 5.4% in 2003, when compared with $21.0 million for 2002. The increase of $1.1 million was principally due to a higher provision for bad debts, combined with incremental costs associated with a systems upgrade.
Operating earnings of $3.2 million in 2003 for Integrated Supply declined $3.0 million from operating earnings of $6.2 million in 2002.
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Other Income and Expense Other income and expense was $6.2 million of expense in 2003, an unfavorable change of $10.9 million as compared with $4.7 million of income in 2002. The following table summarizes the components of other income and expense:
In the fourth quarter of 2003, Grainger wrote off its investment in two Asian joint ventures resulting in an after-tax charge to earnings of $1.9 million. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The reduction in gains on sales of fixed assets resulted from the sale of one facility in 2003 versus two in 2002.
Income Taxes Income taxes of $154.1 million in 2003 declined 5.1% as compared with $162.3 million in 2002.
Grainger’s effective tax rates were 40.4% and 40.8% in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Excluding the effect of the equity losses in unconsolidated entities and the write-off of these investments, which did not result in tax benefits, the effective income tax rates were 40.0% for 2003 and 40.5% for 2002. This change in effective tax rate was primarily driven by lower nondeductible losses in Mexico and a lower tax rate in Canada.
Cumulative Effect of Accounting Change Effective January 1, 2002, Grainger adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”
In the second quarter of 2002, Grainger completed the initial process of evaluating goodwill for impairment under SFAS No. 142. Fair values of reporting units were estimated using a present value method that discounted future cash flows. When available and as appropriate, comparative market multiples were used to corroborate results of the discounted cash flows. As a result of the application of the impairment methodology introduced by SFAS No. 142, Grainger recorded a noncash charge to earnings of $32.3 million ($23.9 million after-tax, or $0.26 per diluted share) related to the write-down of goodwill of its Canadian subsidiary, Acklands. Previous accounting rules required a comparison of book value to undiscounted cash flows, whereas the new rules require a comparison of book value to discounted cash flows, which are lower. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Financial Condition Grainger expects its strong working capital position and cash flows from operations to continue, allowing it to fund its operations including growth initiatives and capital expenditures, as well as the payment of long-term debt, the repurchases of shares and the payment of cash dividends at or above historical levels.
Cash Flow Net cash flows from operations of $406.5 million in 2004, $394.1 million in 2003 and $303.5 million in 2002 continued to improve Grainger’s financial position and serve as the primary source of funding. Net cash provided by operations increased $12.4 million in 2004 over 2003 driven primarily by increased net earnings. The Change in operating assets and liabilities – net of business acquisition and joint venture contributions generated cash of $8.3 million in 2004. Trade accounts payable increased due to higher inventory purchases in the fourth quarter of 2004. Increases in profit sharing and bonus accruals, driven by an improved 2004 performance, resulted in an increase in other current liabilities. These changes were essentially offset by increases in inventory, as well as trade accounts receivable, which were up due to higher December sales. The increase in net cash flows from operations from 2002 to 2003 was primarily attributable to increased net earnings and an improvement in working capital management. A reduction in inventory, resulting from efficiencies realized from the redesigned logistics network, was partially offset by a decrease in trade accounts payable from lower inventory purchases during the fourth quarter of 2003.
Net cash flows used in investing activities were $142.4 million, $105.3 million and $105.8 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Capital expenditures for property, buildings, equipment and capitalized software were $160.8 million, $80.5 million and $144.0 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Additional information regarding capital spending is detailed in the Capital Expenditures section below. In 2003, Grainger also funded $36.7 million to purchase Gempler’s, which is part of the Lab Safety segment. The results of operations for Gempler’s have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date of April 14, 2003.
Net cash flows used in financing activities for 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $240.6 million, $97.9 million and $158.1 million, respectively. During 2004, Grainger liquidated its cross-currency swap and related commercial paper debt with payments totaling $140.8 million. Grainger’s funding of treasury stock purchases increased $59.7 million in 2004, as Grainger repurchased 2,001,000 shares in 2004, compared with 918,300 shares in 2003. Treasury stock purchases were 2,221,500 in 2002. As of December 31, 2004, approximately 7.1 million shares of common stock remained available under Grainger’s repurchase authorization. Dividends paid to shareholders were $71.2 million in 2004, $67.3 million in 2003 and $66.5 million in 2002. Partially offsetting these cash outlays were proceeds from stock options exercised of $72.3 million, $15.2 million and $17.1 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Working Capital Internally generated funds have been the primary source of working capital and for funds used in business expansion, supplemented by debt as circumstances dictated. In addition, funds were expended for facilities optimization and enhancements to support growth initiatives, as well as for business and systems development and other infrastructure improvements.
Working capital was $1,092.3 million at December 31, 2004, compared with $926.8 million at December 31, 2003, and $898.7 million at December 31, 2002. At these dates, the ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.6, 2.3 and 2.5, respectively. The current ratio increased in 2004 principally due to Grainger’s liquidation of the cross-currency swap and related commercial paper debt that had been classified in current liabilities in 2003.
Capital Expenditures In each of the past three years, a portion of operating cash flow has been used for additions to property, buildings, equipment and capitalized software as summarized in the following table:
In 2004, Grainger’s investments included the market expansion program, which is designed to re-align branches in several metropolitan markets, ongoing SAP initiatives, an upgrade of the branch communication systems and expenditures related to Canadian branch and systems projects. Capital expenditures in 2003 related to Grainger’s investment in its logistics network, which was completed in March 2004, spending for information technology upgrades, as well as the normal, recurring replacement of equipment. Capital spending in 2002 reflects incremental spending for the logistics network project that began in 2000.
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Capital expenditures are expected to range between $150 to $180 million in 2005 and include investments for the ongoing market expansion program, information technology and Canadian branch programs, as well as other general projects including the normal, recurring replacement of equipment. Grainger believes that cash flows from operations will remain strong and expects to fund the 2005 capital investments from existing working capital.
Debt Grainger maintains a debt ratio and liquidity position that provides flexibility in funding working capital needs and long-term cash requirements. In addition to internally generated funds, Grainger has various sources of financing available, including commercial paper sales and bank borrowings under lines of credit. At December 31, 2004, Grainger’s long-term debt rating by Standard & Poor’s was AA+. Grainger’s available lines of credit, as further discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, were $250.0 million, $265.4 million and $264.7 million, as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Total debt as a percent of total capitalization was 0.5%, 7.5% and 7.2% as of the same dates.
In September 2002, Grainger received net proceeds of $113.7 million from the issuance of commercial paper. The proceeds were used to repay outstanding long-term debt in the amount of C$180.4 million. The long-term debt that was repaid with the proceeds of the commercial paper issuance had been designated by Grainger as a nonderivative hedge of Grainger’s net investment in its Canadian subsidiary. Grainger entered into a two-year cross-currency swap on September 25, 2002, which replaced the Canadian dollar long-term debt as a hedge of the net investment in Grainger’s Canadian subsidiary. The counterparty to the financial instrument was an investment grade financial institution. Grainger did not incur any loss from nonperformance by this counterparty. Since Grainger had the ability to refinance the commercial paper with debt having a longer maturity, and its intent was to keep the debt outstanding for the two-year period of the cross-currency swap, the commercial paper was originally classified as long-term debt. At December 31, 2003, Grainger had not determined if it would renew the cross-currency swap when it came due in 2004 and as a result the commercial paper debt was classified as Current maturities of long-term debt. On September 27, 2004, the cross-currency swap and related commercial paper debt matured and were liquidated with payments totaling $140.8 million. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Grainger believes any circumstances that would trigger early payment or acceleration with respect to any outstanding debt securities would not have a material impact on its results of operations or financial condition. Holders of industrial revenue bonds have various rights to require Grainger to redeem these bonds, thus they are classified as Current maturities of long-term debt.
Commitments and Other Contractual Obligations At December 31, 2004, Grainger’s contractual obligations, including estimated payments due by period, are as follows:
Purchase obligations consist primarily of inventory purchases made in the normal course of business to meet operating needs. While purchase orders for both inventory purchases and noninventory purchases are generally cancelable without penalty, certain vendor agreements provide for cancellation fees or penalties depending on the terms of the contract.
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The Commitments and Other Contractual Obligations table does not include $74.7 million of accrued employment-related benefits costs, of which $45.8 million is related to Grainger’s postretirement benefits. These amounts are excluded because a portion of the projected benefit payments has already been funded by Grainger and the timing of future funding requirements is not known. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
See also Notes 14 and 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Grainger does not have any material exposures to off-balance sheet arrangements. Grainger does not have any variable interest entities or activities that include nonexchange-traded contracts accounted for at fair value.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the financial statements. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions, which it believes are reasonable. If actual amounts are ultimately different from these estimates, the revisions are included in Grainger’s results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.
Accounting policies are considered critical when they require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made and when different estimates than those management reasonably could have made have a material impact on the presentation of Grainger’s financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations.
Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant areas involving management judgments and estimates follow. Actual results in these areas could differ materially from management’s estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Postretirement Healthcare Benefits.Postretirement obligation and net periodic cost are dependent on assumptions and estimates used in calculating such amounts. The assumptions used include, among others, discount rates, assumed rates of return on plan assets and healthcare cost trend rates. Changes in assumptions (caused by conditions in equity markets or plan experience, for example) could have a material effect on Grainger’s postretirement benefit obligations and expense, and could affect its results of operations and financial condition. These changes in assumptions may also affect voluntary decisions to make additional contributions to the trust established for funding the postretirement benefit obligation.
The discount rate assumptions used by management reflect the rates available on high-quality fixed income debt instruments as of December 31, the measurement date, of each year in accordance with SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.” A lower discount rate increases the present value of benefit obligations and net periodic postretirement benefit costs. As of December 31, 2004, Grainger reduced the discount rate used in the calculation of its postretirement plan obligation from 6.00% to 5.75% to reflect the decline in interest rates. Grainger estimates that the reduction in the expected discount rate will decrease 2005 pretax earnings by approximately $0.6 million.
Grainger considers the long-term historical actual return on plan assets and the historical performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index to develop its expected long-term return on plan assets. In 2004, Grainger maintained the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 6.0% (net of tax at 40%) based on the historical average of long-term rates of return.
Grainger may terminate or modify the postretirement plan at any time, subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) and the Internal Revenue Code, as amended. In the event the postretirement plan is terminated, all assets of the Group Benefit Trust inure to the benefit of the participants. The foregoing assumptions are based on the presumption that the postretirement plan will continue. Were the postretirement plan to terminate, different actuarial assumptions and other factors might be applicable.
While Grainger has used its best judgment in making assumptions and estimates, and believes such assumptions and estimates used are appropriate, changes to the assumptions may be required in future years as a result of actual experience and new trends and therefore, may affect Grainger’s retirement plan obligations and future expense.
For additional information concerning postretirement healthcare benefits, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Insurance Reserves. Grainger retains a significant portion of the risk of certain losses related to workers’ compensation, general liability and property losses through the utilization of deductibles and self-insured retentions. There are also certain other risk areas for which Grainger does not maintain insurance.
Grainger is responsible for establishing policies on insurance reserves. Although it relies on outside parties to project future claims costs, it retains control over actuarial assumptions, including loss development factors and claim payment patterns. Grainger performs ongoing reviews of its insured and uninsured risks, which it uses to establish the appropriate reserve level.
The use of assumptions in the analysis leads to fluctuations in required reserves over time. Any change in the required reserve balance is reflected in the current period’s results of operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.Grainger uses several factors to estimate the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable including the age of the receivable and the historical ratio of actual write-offs to the age of the receivable. The analyses performed also take into consideration economic conditions that may have an impact on a specific industry, group of customers or a specific customer.
Write-offs could be materially different than the reserves provided if economic conditions change or actual results deviate from historical trends.
Inventory Reserves. Grainger establishes inventory reserves for shrinkage and excess and obsolete inventory. Provisions for inventory shrinkage are based on historical experience to account for unmeasured usage or loss. Actual inventory shrinkage could be materially different from these estimates affecting Grainger’s inventory values and cost of merchandise sold.
Grainger regularly reviews inventory to evaluate continued demand and identify any obsolete or excess quantities of inventory. Grainger records provisions for the difference between excess and obsolete inventory and its estimated realizable value. Estimated realizable value is based on anticipated future product demand, market conditions and liquidation values. Actual results differing from these projections could have a material effect on Grainger’s results of operations.
Income Taxes. Grainger accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The tax balances and income tax expense recognized by Grainger are based on management’s interpretations of the tax laws of multiple jurisdictions. Income tax expense reflects Grainger’s best estimates and assumptions regarding, among other items, the level of future taxable income, interpretation of tax laws and tax planning opportunities. Future tax authorities’ rulings and future changes in tax laws and their interpretation, changes in projected levels of taxable income and future tax planning strategies could impact the actual effective tax rate and tax balances recorded by Grainger.
Other.Other significant accounting policies, not involving the same level of measurement uncertainties as those discussed above, are nevertheless important to an understanding of the financial statements. Policies relating to revenue recognition, depreciation, intangibles, long-lived assets and warranties require judgments on complex matters that are often subject to multiple external sources of authoritative guidance such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Possible changes in estimates or assumptions associated with these policies are not expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or results of operations of Grainger. More information on these additional accounting policies can be found in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Inflation and Changing Prices Inflation during the last three years has not had a significant effect on operations. The predominant use of the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of accounting for inventories and accelerated depreciation methods for financial reporting and income tax purposes result in a substantial recognition of the effects of inflation in the financial statements.
The major impact of inflation is on buildings and improvements, where the gap between historic cost and replacement cost continues for these long-lived assets. The related depreciation expense associated with these assets increases if adjustments were to be made for the cumulative effect of inflation.
Grainger believes the most positive means to combat inflation and advance the interests of investors lies in the continued application of basic business principles, which include improving productivity, increasing working capital turnover and offering products and services which can command appropriate prices in the marketplace.
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Forward-Looking Statements This document contains forward-looking statements under the federal securities laws. The forward-looking statements relate to Grainger’s expected future financial results and business plans, strategies and objectives and are not historical facts. They are often identified by qualifiers such as “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “is likely,” “anticipated,” “scheduled,” “believes,” “positioned to,” “continue,” “estimates,” “forecast,” “predicting,” “projection,” “potential,” “assumption” or similar expressions. There are risks and uncertainties the outcome of which could cause Grainger’s results to differ materially from what is projected.
Factors that may affect forward-looking statements include the following: higher product costs or other expenses; a major loss of customers; increased competitive pricing pressure on Grainger’s businesses; failure to develop or implement new technologies or other business strategies; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings; changes in laws and regulations; facilities disruptions or shutdowns; disruptions in transportation services; natural and other catastrophes; unanticipated weather conditions; and other difficulties in achieving or improving margins or financial performance.
Trends and projections could also be affected by general industry and market conditions, gross domestic product growth rates, general economic conditions including interest rate and currency rate fluctuations, global and other conflicts, employment levels and other factors.
Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Grainger is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to its transactions, assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. During a portion of 2004 and all of 2003, Grainger partially hedged its net Canadian dollar investment in Acklands with a cross-currency swap agreement. This agreement was terminated in 2004. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For 2004, a uniform 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies that affect Grainger and its joint ventures would have resulted in a $0.9 million decrease in net income. Comparatively, in 2003 a uniform 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies that affect Grainger and its joint ventures would have resulted in a $0.4 million decrease in net income. A uniform 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a $1.1 million increase in net income for 2004, as compared with an increase in net income of $0.3 million for 2003. This sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates does not factor in potential changes in sales levels or local currency prices. Grainger does not hold derivatives for trading purposes.
Grainger is also exposed to interest rate risk in its debt portfolio. During 2004 and 2003, all of its long-term debt was variable rate debt. A one-percentage-point increase in interest rates paid by Grainger would have resulted in a decrease to income of approximately $0.7 million for 2004 and $0.9 million for 2003. A corresponding increase in net income for the noted periods would have resulted had the interest rates paid decreased by one percentage point. This sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in interest rates on long-term debt does not factor in potential changes in exchange rates or long-term debt levels. Grainger’s level of interest rate risk has been reduced due to the liquidation of the cross-currency swap and related commercial paper debt during 2004. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Grainger is not exposed to commodity price risk since it purchases its goods for resale and does not purchase commodities directly.
Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The financial statements and supplementary data are included on pages 25 to 58. See the Index to Financial Statements and Supplementary Data on page 24.
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Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A: Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Grainger carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Grainger’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that Grainger’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Item 9B: Other Information
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PART III
Item 10: Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 27, 2005, under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Board of Directors and Board Committees” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.” Information required by this item regarding executive officers of Grainger is set forth in Part I of this report under the caption “Executive Officers.”
Grainger has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer. This code of ethics is incorporated into Grainger’s business conduct guidelines for directors, officers and employees. A copy of the business conduct guidelines is available at www.grainger.com/investor and is also available in print without charge to any person upon request to Grainger’s Corporate Secretary. Similarly available is a copy of the Operating Principles for the Board of Directors, Grainger’s corporate governance guidelines. Grainger intends to satisfy the annual disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K relating to its code of ethics by posting such information on its Web site.
Item 11: Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 27, 2005, under the captions “Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation.”
Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 27, 2005, under the captions “Ownership of Grainger Stock” and “Equity Compensation Plans.”
Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 27, 2005, under the caption “Director Compensation.”
Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Grainger’s proxy statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held April 27, 2005, under the caption “Audit Fees and Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.”
PART IV
Item 15: Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Grainger has duly issued this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
/s/ Richard L. Keyser
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Grainger on February 25, 2005, in the capacities indicated.
/s/ John W. McCarter, Jr.
Richard L. KeyserChairman of the Boardand Chief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer and Director)
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002
Page(s)
25
26
27
28 - 29
30 - 31
32 - 33
34 - 56
57
58
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Shareholders and Board of DirectorsW.W. Grainger, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of W.W. Grainger, Inc., and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three years then ended. We have also audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that W.W. Grainger, Inc., and Subsidiaries maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). W.W. Grainger, Inc.’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements, an opinion on management’s assessment, and an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and the receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of W.W. Grainger, Inc., and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, management’s assessment that W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Furthermore, in our opinion, W.W Grainger, Inc., and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
As discussed in Note 3, effective January 1, 2002, the Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets upon adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”
GRANT THORNTON LLP
Chicago, IllinoisFebruary 11, 2005
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS(In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS(In thousands of dollars)
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts)
28
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS — CONTINUED(In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts)
29
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OF CASH FLOWS(In thousands of dollars)
30
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OF CASH FLOWS — CONTINUED(In thousands of dollars)
31
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts)
32
W.W. Grainger, Inc. and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY — CONTINUED(In thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts)
33
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002
INDUSTRY INFORMATION W.W. Grainger, Inc. is the leading broad-line supplier of facilities maintenance and other related products in North America. In this report, the words “Company” or “Grainger” mean W.W. Grainger, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
RECLASSIFICATIONS Certain amounts in the 2003 and 2002 financial statements, as previously reported, have been reclassified to conform to the 2004 presentation.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Net exchange gains or losses resulting from the translation of financial statements of foreign operations and related long-term debt are recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES For investments in which the Company owns or controls from 20% to 50% of the voting shares, the equity method of accounting is used. The Company also accounts for investments below 20% using the equity method when significant influence can be exercised over the operating and financial policies of the investee company. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenues recognized include product sales, billings for freight and handling charges and fees earned for services provided. The Company recognizes product sales and billings for freight and handling charges primarily on the date products are shipped to, or picked up by, the customer. The Company’s standard shipping terms are FOB shipping point. On occasion, the Company will negotiate FOB destination terms. These sales are recognized upon delivery to the customer. Fee revenues, which account for less than 1% of total revenues, are recognized after services are completed.
VENDOR CONSIDERATION The Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) issued “Accounting by a Customer (Including a Reseller) for Certain Consideration Received from a Vendor” (Issue 02-16) in November 2002 with transition provisions subsequently issued in January 2003. The January 2003 transition rules stated that Issue 02-16 would apply to all agreements entered into or significantly modified after December 31, 2002. The Company’s accounting treatment for vendor provided funds was consistent with Issue 02-16, with the exception of vendor funded advertising allowances. The Company had previously accounted for these allowances as an offset to operating (advertising) expenses. Under Issue 02-16, this method is allowable if the allowances are for specific, identifiable and incremental costs incurred by the Company in marketing its vendors’ products. The Company provides numerous advertising programs to promote its vendors’ products, including catalogs and other printed media, Internet and other marketing programs. Most of these programs relate to multiple vendors, which makes supporting the specific, identifiable and incremental criteria difficult, and would require numerous assumptions and judgments. Based on the inexact nature of trying to track reimbursements to the exact advertising expenditure for each vendor, the Company treats most vendor advertising allowances as a reduction of cost of merchandise sold rather than a reduction of operating (advertising) expenses. This change does not have any effect on net earnings.
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For 2004, as new vendor contracts became effective, most vendor allowances were classified in cost of merchandise sold rather than in operating (advertising) expenses. The Company has made reclassifications to the prior periods to maintain comparability. As a result, cost of merchandise sold was reduced and operating (advertising) expenses were increased by $53.4 million and $61.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
COST OF MERCHANDISE SOLD Cost of merchandise sold includes product and product related costs, vendor consideration, freight-out costs and handling costs. The Company defines handling costs as those costs incurred to fulfill a shipped sales order.
WAREHOUSING, MARKETING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES Included in this category are purchasing, branch operations, information services, and marketing and selling expenses, as well as other types of general and administrative costs.
STOCK INCENTIVE PLANSThe Company maintains various stock incentive plans. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company accounts for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations. The Company recognizes compensation cost for restricted shares and restricted stock units granted to employees. No compensation cost is recognized for stock option grants. All options granted under the Company’s plans have an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the last trading day preceding the date of grant. The following table illustrates the effect on net earnings and earnings per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” to stock-based compensation. The following table also provides the amount of stock-based compensation cost included in net earnings as reported:
ADVERTISING Advertising costs are expensed in the year the related advertisement is first presented. Advertising expense was $98.2 million, $94.9 million and $87.4 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The majority of vendor provided allowances are classified as an offset to cost of merchandise sold. Any reimbursements from vendors that are classified as an offset against operating (advertising) costs are recorded when the related advertising is expensed. For additional information see subsection VENDOR CONSIDERATION.
For interim reporting purposes, advertising expense is amortized equally over each period, based on estimated expenses for the full year. Advertising costs for media that have not been presented by year-end are capitalized as Prepaid expenses. Amounts included in Prepaid expenses at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $18.2 million, $12.9 million and $13.7 million, respectively.
SOFTWARE COSTS The Company does not sell, lease or market software. The CD-ROM used by the Company’s customers is a version of the catalog and is distributed at no charge. Costs associated with the CD-ROM are expensed in the year incurred.
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INCOME TAXES The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Income taxes are recognized during the year in which transactions enter into the determination of financial statement income, with deferred taxes being provided for temporary differences between financial and tax reporting.
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS (LOSSES)The Company’s Other comprehensive earnings (losses) include foreign currency translation, with no related income tax effects. Through the third quarter of 2004, the foreign currency translation adjustments were partially offset by the after-tax effects of a designated hedge. Also included in Other comprehensive earnings (losses) are unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax.
The following table sets forth the components of Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (losses):
CASH FLOWS The Company considers investments in highly liquid debt instruments, purchased with an original maturity of ninety days or less, to be cash equivalents. For cash equivalents, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS The Company establishes reserves for customer accounts that are potentially uncollectible. The method used to estimate the allowances is based on several factors including the age of the receivable and the historical ratio of actual write-offs to the age of the receivable. These analyses also take into consideration economic conditions that may have an impact on a specific industry, group of customers or a specific customer. Write-offs could be materially different than the reserves provided if economic conditions change or actual results deviate from historical trends.
INVENTORIES Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined primarily by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, which accounts for approximately 77% of total inventory. For the remaining inventory, cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
PROPERTY, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT Property, buildings and equipment are valued at cost. For financial statement purposes, depreciation and amortization are provided in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives, principally on the declining-balance and sum-of-the-years-digits methods. The principal estimated useful lives for determining depreciation are as follows:
Improvements to leased property are amortized over the initial terms of the respective leases or the estimated service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter.
The Company capitalized interest costs of $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS The carrying value of long-lived assets is evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows resulting from use of the asset, including disposition, is less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.
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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES The Company adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” effective January 1, 2002. Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill is recognized as the excess cost of an acquired entity over the net amount assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather tested for impairment on an annual basis and more often if circumstances require. Impairment losses are recognized whenever the implied fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value.
The Company recognizes an acquired intangible apart from goodwill whenever the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, or whenever it can be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Such intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless the estimated useful life is determined to be indefinite. Amortizable intangible assets are being amortized over useful lives of three to 17 years. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying amount of an intangible, subject to amortization, is not recoverable from expected future cash flows and its carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
The Company also maintains intangible assets with indefinite lives, which are not amortized. These intangibles are tested for impairment on an annual basis and more often if circumstances require, similar to the treatment for goodwill. Impairment losses are recognized whenever the implied fair value of these assets is less than their carrying value.
INSURANCE RESERVES The Company purchases insurance for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. It also retains a significant portion of the risk of losses related to workers’ compensation, general liability and property. Reserves for these potential losses are based on an external analysis of the Company’s historical claims results and other actuarial assumptions.
WARRANTY RESERVES The Company generally warrants the products it sells against defects for one year. For a significant portion of warranty claims, the manufacturer of the product is responsible for the expenses associated with this warranty program. For warranty expenses not covered by the manufacturer, the Company provides a reserve for future costs based primarily on historical experience. The reserve activity was as follows:
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In January 2003, the FASB initially issued Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46 was revised in December 2003 when the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003) (FIN 46R), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46R is an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” that replaces FIN 46 and revises the requirements for consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities with specific characteristics. The new consolidation requirements related to variable interest entities are required to be adopted no later than the first reporting period that ends after March 15, 2004 (as of March 31, 2004 for the Company). The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 46R as of January 1, 2004, and adoption did not have an effect on its results of operations or financial position.
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs – an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4.” This statement amends the guidance in Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 43, Chapter 4, “Inventory Pricing,” to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and wasted material (spoilage) and requires that those items be recognized as current-period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal.” The statement also requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. The provisions of this statement are effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005 (as of January 1, 2006 for the Company) and are to be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect adoption of SFAS No. 151 to have a material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
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In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS No. 123R). This statement requires that the compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements. Compensation cost is to be measured based on the estimated fair value of the equity-based compensation awards issued as of the grant date. The related compensation expense will be based on the estimated number of awards expected to vest and will be recognized over the requisite service period (often the vesting period) for each grant. The statement requires the use of assumptions and judgments about future events and some of the inputs to the valuation models will require considerable judgment by management. SFAS No. 123R replaces FASB Statement No. 123 (SFAS No. 123), “Accounting for Share-Based Compensation,” and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” The provisions of SFAS No. 123R are required to be applied by public companies as of the first interim or annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005 (as of July 1, 2005 for the Company). The Company intends to continue applying APB Opinion No. 25 to equity-based compensation awards until the effective date of SFAS No. 123R. At the effective date of SFAS No. 123R, the Company expects to use the modified prospective application transition method without restatement of prior interim periods in the year of adoption. This will result in the Company recognizing compensation cost based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123R for all equity-based compensation awards issued after July 1, 2005. For all equity-based compensation awards that are unvested as of July 1, 2005, compensation cost will be recognized for the unamortized portion of compensation cost not previously included in the SFAS No. 123 pro forma footnote disclosure. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of SFAS No. 123R may have on its results of operations or financial position and expects that the adoption may have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations depending on the level and form of future equity-based compensation awards issued.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 152, “Accounting for Real Estate Time-Sharing Transactions – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 66 and 67.” This statement amends SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate,” and SFAS No. 67, “Accounting for Costs and Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects,” in association with the issuance of AICPA Statement of Position 04-2, “Accounting for Real Estate Time-Sharing Transactions.” The provisions of SFAS No. 152 are effective for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005 (as of January 1, 2006 for the Company). Restatement of previously issued financial statements is not permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 152 to have a material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets – an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29.” The amendments made by SFAS No. 153 are based on the principle that exchanges of nonmonetary assets should be measured based on the fair value of the assets exchanged. Further, the amendments eliminate the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and replaces it with a general exception for exchanges that do not have commercial substance. The provisions of this statement are effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005 (July 1, 2005 for the Company) and are to be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 153 to have a material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and the transition provisions of SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” As a result of the application of the new impairment methodology introduced by SFAS No. 142, the Company completed its initial process of evaluating goodwill for impairment and recorded a noncash charge to earnings in 2002 of $32.3 million ($23.9 million after-tax, or $0.26 per diluted share) related to the write-down of goodwill of its Canadian subsidiary, Acklands – Grainger Inc. (Acklands). In performing the initial and periodic impairment reviews, the fair value of the reporting units acquired were estimated using a present value method that discounted future cash flows. When available and as appropriate, comparative market multiples were used to corroborate the results of the discounted cash flows. The Company performs its annual evaluation of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment in the fourth quarter of each year and no further write-downs have been required after the initial write-down noted above.
Previous accounting rules incorporated a comparison of book value to undiscounted cash flows, whereas the new rules require a comparison of book value to discounted cash flows, which are lower. There were no material adjustments relating to the classification of the Company’s intangible assets or amortization periods as a result of adopting SFAS No. 142.
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On April 14, 2003, Lab Safety Supply, Inc. (Lab Safety) acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Gempler’s, a direct marketing division of Gempler’s, Inc., located in Wisconsin. The results of Gempler’s operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since that date. Gempler’s, with annual sales in 2002 of approximately $32 million, serves agricultural, horticultural, grounds maintenance and contractor markets with tools, safety supplies, clothing and other items.
The aggregate purchase price was $36.7 million in cash and $0.7 million in assumed liabilities. Goodwill recognized in this transaction was $22.8 million and is expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes. Due to the immaterial nature of this transaction, disclosures of amounts assigned to the acquired assets and liabilities and pro forma results of operations are not considered necessary.
In 2001, the Company shutdown the operations of Material Logic, with the exception of FindMRO, and wrote down its investment in other digital activities. In connection with this shutdown, the Company took a pretax charge against operating earnings of $39.1 million (after-tax $23.2 million) in 2001. The Company provided a comprehensive separation package, including outplacement services, to 166 employees whose jobs were eliminated. Severance payments began in the second quarter of 2001 and ended in the second quarter of 2004, when the last severance package expired. Other shutdown costs included lease obligations, which were also settled in the second quarter of 2004. The Company reduced the reserve by $0.2 million, $0.6 million and $1.9 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, to reflect management’s revised estimate of costs.
The following tables show the activity from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004 and balances of the Material Logic restructuring reserve (in thousands of dollars):
Deductions in 2002 reflect cash payments of $4.1 million and noncash charges of $0.9 million. Deductions in 2003 reflect cash payments of $1.3 million. Deductions in 2004 reflect cash payments of $0.4 million. The amounts in the adjustments column are reductions to reflect the Company’s revised estimate of costs by expense category.
The Company places temporary cash investments with institutions of high credit quality and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one institution.
The Company has a broad customer base representing many diverse industries doing business in all regions of the United States as well as other areas of North America. Consequently, no significant concentration of credit risk is considered to exist.
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The following table shows the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts:
Inventories primarily consist of merchandise purchased for resale.
Inventories would have been $238.4 million, $234.4 million and $227.3 million higher than reported at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, if the FIFO method of inventory accounting had been used for all Company inventories. Net earnings would have increased by $2.4 million, $4.3 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, using the FIFO method of accounting. Inventories using the FIFO method of accounting approximate replacement cost.
On February 1, 2002, the Company finalized an agreement creating the joint venture USI-AGI Prairies Inc. The joint venture is between Acklands and Uni-Select Inc. (Uni-Select), a Canadian company. The joint venture combined Uni-Select’s Western Division with the automotive aftermarket division of Acklands, which operated as Bumper to Bumper. Acklands’ contribution of net assets was approximately U.S.$14.6 million. Additionally, Acklands’ carrying value of its investment in this joint venture includes U.S.$5.1 million of allocated goodwill. The Company has a 50% stake in the new entity, which Uni-Select manages.
No gain or loss was recognized when this transaction was finalized. Through February 1, 2002, the results of the Company’s automotive aftermarket parts division were consolidated with Acklands. Since February 2, 2002, the Company has accounted for its joint venture investment using the equity method. In 2003, Acklands made a loan denominated in Canadian dollars to USI-AGI Prairies Inc. of U.S.$3.7 million bearing interest at market rates. The loan is due and payable on demand.
The Company also has held investments in three Asian joint ventures. In the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company wrote-off its investment in two of these Asian joint ventures due to the uncertainty regarding the future profitability of these joint ventures and their ability to secure sufficient capital funding. In the first quarter of 2004, the Company sold its 11% interest in one of these investments for a gain of $0.8 million. At December 31, 2004, the ownership percentages of the two remaining investments were 39% and 49%. The Company accounts for these joint ventures using the equity method of accounting.
The table below summarizes the activity of these investments:
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Investments consist of marketable securities and nonpublicly traded equity securities for which a market value is not readily determinable. Marketable securities are all classified as available for sale and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses on such securities reflected, net of taxes, in the Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (losses) component of shareholders’ equity. In accordance with SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” the Company evaluates whether a decline in fair value below cost is other than temporary based on the amount of unrealized losses and their duration. Other-than-temporary impairments are recognized in earnings. Nonpublicly traded equity securities are reported at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Adjustments to net realizable value are recognized in earnings. There have been no dividends earned on these investments. The Company completed the sale of its investments in nonpublicly traded equity securities in 2004 and marketable securities in 2003. The gains on these sales were calculated using the specific identification method and were reported in Unclassified – net.
The original cost, pretax realized gains and unrealized (losses), reductions to net realizable value and fair value of investments are as follows:
Amortization of capitalized software is predominately on a straight-line basis over three and five years. Amortization begins when the software is available for its intended use. Amortization expense was $10.7 million, $14.0 million and $17.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The Company reviews the amounts capitalized for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. In 2004 and 2003, the Company determined certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable and wrote-down the carrying value by $1.0 million in each year.
The following summarizes information concerning short-term debt:
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The Company and its subsidiaries had committed lines of credit totalling $250.0 million, $265.4 million and $267.7 million at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, there were no borrowings under the committed lines of credit. At December 31, 2002, borrowings under Company committed lines of credit were $3.0 million. The committed lines of credit at December 31, 2003 and 2002 included $15.4 million and $12.7 million, respectively, denominated in Canadian dollars.
The Company also had $8.3 million, $7.7 million and $15.9 million of uncommitted lines of credit denominated in Canadian dollars at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company had $16.0 million, $15.0 million and $12.0 million of letters of credit at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, primarily related to the Company’s casualty insurance program. The Company also had $0.9 million, $2.5 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, in letters of credit to facilitate the purchase of product from foreign sources.
Retirement Plans. A majority of the Company’s employees are covered by a noncontributory profit sharing plan. This plan provides for annual employer contributions generally based upon a formula related primarily to earnings before federal income taxes, limited to 25% of the total compensation paid to all eligible employees. The Company also sponsors additional defined contribution plans, which cover most of the other employees. Provisions under all plans were $74.2 million, $45.9 million and $50.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Postretirement Benefits. The Company has a postretirement healthcare benefits plan that provides coverage for a majority of its retired employees and their dependents should they elect to maintain such coverage. Covered employees become eligible for participation when they qualify for retirement while working for the Company. Participation in the plan is voluntary and requires participants to make contributions toward the cost of the plan, as determined by the Company.
The “Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003” (the Medicare Act) was signed into law on December 8, 2003. The Medicare Act provides a federal subsidy to retiree healthcare benefit plan sponsors that provide a prescription drug benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to that provided by Medicare. The Company adopted FASB Staff Position No. 106-2 (FSP 106-2), “Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003” in the third quarter ended September 30, 2004. FSP 106-2 provides guidance on the accounting for the effects of the Medicare Act for employers that sponsor postretirement drug healthcare plans that provide prescription drug benefits and requires those employers to provide certain disclosures regarding the effect of the subsidy provided by the Medicare Act. The prospective application method of FSP 106-2 was adopted by the Company and requires the remeasurement of the accumulated projected benefit obligation (APBO) as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
The Company compared its retiree prescription drug coverage to the benefit provided under the Medicare Act and concluded that the benefit provided under its plan is at least actuarially equivalent to the benefit provided under the Medicare Act. The Company’s APBO and its net periodic postretirement benefit cost were remeasured as of July 1, 2004, based on the plan provisions in place on the measurement date of January 1, 2004. The remeasurement reflects the effect of the federal subsidy, which begins January 1, 2006. The remeasurement for the subsidy reduced the APBO related to benefits attributed to past service by $20.8 million. The effect of the subsidy reduced the net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2004 by $3.8 million, lowering service costs and interest costs on the APBO by $1.3 million each, and the amortization of actuarial losses by $1.2 million.
The net periodic benefit costs charged to operating expenses, which are valued with a measurement date of January 1 for each year, including the effect of the 2004 remeasurement for the Medicare Act, consisted of the following components:
The Company has elected to amortize the amount of net unrecognized losses over a period equal to the average remaining service period for active plan participants expected to retire and receive benefits, or approximately 17.5 years.
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Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances of the APBO, which is calculated using a December 31 measurement date, the fair value of assets and the funded status of the benefit obligation follow:
The benefit obligation was determined by applying the terms of the plan and actuarial models required by SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.” These models include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, assumed rates of return on plan assets and healthcare cost trend rates. The actuarial assumptions also anticipate future cost-sharing changes to retiree contributions that will maintain the current cost-sharing ratio between the Company and the retirees. The Company evaluates its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and considers changes in these long-term factors based upon market conditions, historical experience and the requirements of SFAS No. 106.
The plan amendment effective January 1, 2004 changed the retiree co-payments, coinsurance amounts and out-of-pocket maximums for participants. The plan amendment effective January 1, 2003 changed the prescription drug benefits.
The following assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
The following assumptions were used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 31:
The discount rate assumptions reflect the rates available on high-quality fixed income debt instruments on December 31 of each year.
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The Company reviews external data and its own historical trends for healthcare costs to determine the healthcare cost trend rates. Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects on December 31, 2004 results:
The Company has established a Group Benefit Trust to fund the plan and process benefit payments. The assets of the trust are invested entirely in funds designed to track the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500). This investment strategy reflects the long-term nature of the plan obligation and seeks to take advantage of the superior earnings potential of equity securities. The Company uses the long-term historical return on the plan assets and the historical performance of the S&P 500 to develop its expected return on plan assets. The required use of an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets may result in recognizing income that is greater or less than the actual return on plan assets in any given year. Over time, however, the expected long-term returns are designed to approximate the actual long-term returns and, therefore, result in a pattern of income recognition that more closely matches the pattern of the services provided by the employees. The change in expected long-term rate of return on plan assets did not have a material effect on the net periodic benefit cost for either of the years ended December 31, 2004 or December 31, 2003.
The funding of the trust is an estimated amount which is intended to allow the maximum deductible contribution under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), as amended, and was $6.2 million, $11.0 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. During those years, $1.7 million, $2.0 million and $1.9 million were used directly for benefit payments. There are no minimum funding requirements and the Company intends to follow its practice of funding the maximum deductible contribution under the IRC.
The Company forecasts the following benefit payments, which include a projection for expected future employee service: $2.1 million in 2005, $2.2 million in 2006, $2.5 million in 2007, $2.9 million in 2008, $3.4 million in 2009 and $26.6 million over the five-year period covering 2010 through 2014.
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
During the third quarter of 2002, the Company refinanced a C$180.4 million bank loan that had been designated as a nonderivative hedge of the net investment in the Company’s Canadian subsidiary. The bank loan was replaced with commercial paper in support of a cross-currency swap (derivative instrument). This derivative instrument was designated as a partial hedge of the net investment in the Company’s Canadian subsidiary and was recognized on the balance sheet at its fair value.
On September 27, 2004, the two-year cross-currency swap and related commercial paper debt matured and were liquidated with payments totalling U.S.$140.8 million. The cross-currency swap was based on notional principal amounts of C$180.4 million and U.S.$113.7 million, respectively. Initially, the Company gave the counterparty U.S.$113.7 million and received from the counterparty C$180.4 million. The Company received interest based on the 30-day U.S. commercial paper rate. At the maturity date of the cross-currency swap, this rate was 1.62%. The Company paid interest to the counterparty based on the 30-day Canadian Bankers’ Acceptances rate plus 14 to 19 basis points. At the maturity date of the cross-currency swap, this rate was 2.32%. The outstanding underlying commercial paper was U.S.$114.2 million with an interest rate of 1.58% at the maturity date of the cross-currency swap. The fair value of the derivative instrument was a liability of U.S.$28.1 million at the maturity date.
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The cross-currency swap was an over-the-counter instrument with a liquid market. The Company established strict counterparty credit guidelines and entered into the transaction with an investment grade financial institution. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
While the cross-currency swap was outstanding, the Company formally assessed, on a quarterly basis, whether the cross-currency swap was effective at offsetting changes in the fair value of the underlying exposure. Because of the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instrument and the underlying exposure being hedged, exchange rate changes in the value of the cross-currency swap were generally offset by changes in the value of the net investment. Under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” changes in the fair value of this instrument were recognized in foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (losses), to offset the change in the value of the net investment of the Canadian investment being hedged. During 2004, the Company included a U.S.$0.6 million net of tax loss related to this hedge, which included the settlement of the cross-currency swap, in Accumulated other comprehensive earnings (losses). The impact to 2004, 2003 and 2002 earnings resulting from the ineffective portion of the hedge was immaterial.
The industrial development revenue and private activity bonds include various issues that bear interest at variable rates capped at 15%, and come due in various amounts from 2009 through 2021. At December 31, 2004, the weighted average interest rate was 2.31%. Interest rates on some of the issues are subject to change at certain dates in the future. The bondholders have the right to require the Company to redeem certain bonds concurrent with a change in interest rates and certain other bonds annually. In addition, $4.6 million of these bonds had an unsecured liquidity facility available at December 31, 2004, for which the Company compensated a bank through a commitment fee of 0.07%. There were no borrowings related to this facility at December 31, 2004. The Company classified $9.5 million, $4.6 million and $6.5 million of bonds currently subject to redemption options in current maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company’s debt instruments include only standard affirmative and negative covenants that are normal in debt instruments of similar amounts and structure. The Company’s debt instruments do not contain financial or performance covenants restrictive to the business of the Company, reflecting its strong financial position.
The Company is in compliance with all debt covenants for the year ended December 31, 2004.
The Company leases certain land, buildings and equipment. The Company capitalizes all significant leases that qualify for capitalization, of which there were none at December 31, 2004.
At December 31, 2004, the approximate future minimum lease payments for all operating leases were as follows (in thousands of dollars):
Total rent expense, including both items under lease and items rented on a month-to-month basis, was $22.3 million, $19.5 million and $18.8 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. These amounts are net of sublease income of $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company maintains stock incentive plans under which the Company may grant a variety of incentive awards to employees. Shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the plans in connection with awards of nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock units and other stock-based awards.
The plans authorize the granting of options to purchase shares at a price of not less than 100% of the closing market price on the last trading day preceding the date of grant. All options expire no later than ten years after the date of grant.
Shares relating to terminated, surrendered or canceled options and stock appreciation rights, to forfeited restricted stock or other awards, or to transactions that result in fewer shares being issued under the plans, are again available for awards under the plans.
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In 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company provided broad-based stock option grants covering 181,200, 161,300 and 89,600 shares, respectively, to those employees who reached major service milestones and were not participants in other stock option programs.
The plans authorize the granting of restricted stock, which is held by the Company pursuant to the terms and conditions related to the applicable grants. Except for the right of disposal, holders of restricted stock have full shareholders’ rights during the period of restriction, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends.
There were 10,000 shares of restricted stock issued in 2004 with a weighted average fair market value of $50.66 per share. There were 20,000 shares of restricted stock issued in 2003 with a weighted average fair market value of $47.72 per share. There were 110,000 shares of restricted stock issued in 2002 with a weighted average fair market value of $56.31 per share. The shares granted in 2004, 2003 and 2002 vest over periods from three to seven years from issuance, although accelerated vesting is provided in certain instances. Restricted stock vested was 150,000, 96,790 and 112,000 shares in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Compensation expense related to restricted stock awards is based upon closing market prices on the last trading day preceding the date of grant and is charged to earnings on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Total compensation expense related to restricted stock was $4.3 million, $4.8 million and $6.4 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. There were 5,000, 39,250 and 16,360 shares of restricted stock canceled in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. There were 322,000, 682,000 and 798,040 shares of restricted stock outstanding at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and 912,120 shares outstanding at January 1, 2002.
In 2004, the Company began issuing restricted stock units (RSUs) as part of its long-term incentive program for management. Awards of RSUs are provided for and are issued under the W.W. Grainger, Inc. 1990 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, as amended. There were 227,300 RSUs granted in 2004 with an average fair market value of $53.43 per share. RSUs granted in 2004 vest over periods from three to seven years from issuance, although accelerated vesting is provided in certain instances. Holders of RSUs are entitled to receive cash payments equivalent to cash dividends and other distributions paid with respect to common stock.
In 2004, 215,000 shares of previously granted, but unvested, restricted stock were converted into an equivalent number of RSUs. In 2002, 95,720 shares of previously granted, but unvested restricted stock were converted into an equivalent number of RSUs. The RSUs are subject to the same vesting provisions and have the identical financial statement impact as the original restricted stock.
In 2004 and 2003, there were 48,900 and 95,720 RSUs, respectively, that vested. At various times after vesting, RSUs will be settled by the issuance of stock certificates evidencing the conversion of the RSUs into shares of the Company common stock on a one for one basis. There were 3,505 RSUs settled and 23,600 RSUs canceled in 2004.
Compensation expense related to RSUs is based upon closing market prices on the last trading day preceding the date of award and is charged to earnings on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Total compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $4.7 million in 2004. At December 31, 2004, there were 510,915 RSUs outstanding. At both December 31, 2003 and 2002, there were 95,720 RSUs outstanding. There were no RSUs outstanding at January 1, 2002.
Nonemployee directors participate in the Company’s Director Stock Plan. A total of 327,760 shares of common stock are available for issuance under the plan as of December 31, 2004.
A retainer fee for board service is paid to nonemployee directors in the form of an annual award of unrestricted shares of common stock under the Director Stock Plan. The number of shares awarded is equal to the retainer fee divided by the fair market value of a share of common stock at the time of the award, rounded up to the next ten-share increment. Total shares granted were 5,510, 6,160 and 5,850 in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The weighted average fair market value of these grants was $54.54, $45.50 and $54.61 for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
In addition, nonemployee directors receive an annual grant under the Director Stock Plan, denominated in dollars, of options to purchase shares of common stock. The number of shares covered by each option is equal to the dollar amount of the grant divided by the fair market value of a share of common stock at the time of the award, rounded to the next ten-share increment. The options are issued at the closing market price on the last trading day preceding the date of grant. The options are fully exercisable upon award and have a ten-year term. Total option awards were 13,360, 15,840 and 14,850 shares in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. No options were canceled or expired in 2004, 2003 or 2002. There were 115,320, 112,470 and 96,630 options outstanding at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and 81,780 options outstanding at January 1, 2002.
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The Company awards stock units under the Director Stock Plan in connection with deferrals of director fees and dividend equivalents on existing stock units. A stock unit is the economic equivalent of a share of common stock. Deferred fees and dividend equivalents on existing stock units are converted into stock units on the basis of the market value of the stock at the relevant times. Payment of the value of stock units is scheduled to be made after termination of service as a director. As of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, there were ten, nine and ten nonemployee directors, respectively, that held stock units. The Company recognized expense (income) for the change in value of equivalent stock units of $0.9 million, $(1.0) million and $0.5 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. There were 2,087, 1,978 and 1,834 stock units issued as a result of deferrals of director fees and dividend equivalents in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Total stock units outstanding were 39,398, 39,506 and 45,556 as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Transactions involving stock options are summarized as follows:
All options were issued at the closing market price on the last trading day preceding the date of grant. Options were issued in 2004, 2003 and 2002 with initial vesting periods ranging from immediate to three years.
Information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2004, is as follows:
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Shares available for issuance in connection with awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock units, shares of common stock, restricted shares of common stock and other stock-based awards to employees and directors were 1,201,876, 2,016,160 and 2,161,563 at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The weighted average fair value of the stock options granted during 2004, 2003 and 2002 was $13.08, $10.43 and $14.77, respectively. The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the date of the grant and the following weighted average assumptions:
See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the pro forma net earnings and earnings per share, as calculated under SFAS No. 123.
The Company had no shares of preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002. The activity of outstanding common stock and common stock held in treasury was as follows:
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” SFAS No. 109 requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
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Income tax expense consisted of:
The income tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to the net deferred tax asset were:
The purchased tax benefits represent lease agreements acquired in prior years under the provisions of the Economic Recovery Act of 1981.
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At December 31, 2004, the Company had $35.8 million of foreign operating loss carryforwards related to a foreign operation, which begin to expire in 2006. The valuation allowance represents a provision for uncertainty as to the realization of the tax benefits of these carryforwards.
In addition, the Company recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets that may not be realized due to capital loss limitations.
The changes in the valuation allowance were as follows:
A reconciliation of income tax expense with federal income taxes at the statutory rate follows:
The Company has not provided for U.S. federal income taxes or tax benefits on the undistributed earnings or losses of its foreign subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, such earnings will continue to be indefinitely reinvested. At December 31, 2004, there were no undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that would be subject to U.S. income taxes, if such earnings were repatriated.
The Company is continuously undergoing examination of its federal income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS). The Company and the IRS have settled tax years through 2001. The IRS is currently examining the Company’s 2002 and 2003 federal income tax returns. Additionally, the Company is routinely involved in state and local income tax audits, and on occasion, foreign jurisdiction tax audits. The Company expects to resolve these audits within the amounts paid and/or reserved for these liabilities.
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is based on the combination of weighted average number of shares outstanding and dilutive potential shares. The Company had additional outstanding stock options of 2.7 million, 3.5 million and 2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common stock.
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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
The Company has a Shareholder Rights Plan, under which there is outstanding one preferred share purchase right (Right) for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock. Each Right, under certain circumstances, may be exercised to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A-1999 Junior Participating Preferred Stock (intended to be the economic equivalent of one share of the Company’s common stock) at a price of $250.00, subject to adjustment. The Rights become exercisable only after a person or a group, other than a person or group exempt under the plan, acquires or announces a tender offer for 15% or more of the Company’s common stock. If a person or group, other than a person or group exempt under the plan, acquires 15% or more of the Company’s common stock or if the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction, each Right generally entitles the holder, other than such person or group, to purchase, at the then-current exercise price, stock and/or other securities or assets of the Company or the acquiring company having a market value of twice the exercise price.
The Rights expire on May 15, 2009, unless earlier redeemed. They generally are redeemable at $.001 per Right until thirty days following announcement that a person or group, other than a person or group exempt under the plan, has acquired 15% or more of the Company’s common stock. The Rights do not have voting or dividend rights and, until they become exercisable, have no dilutive effect on the earnings of the Company.
The Company reports three segments: Branch-based Distribution, Lab Safety and Integrated Supply. The Branch-based Distribution segment provides customers with solutions to their immediate facilities maintenance and other needs. Branch-based Distribution is an aggregation of the following: Industrial Supply, Acklands (Canada), FindMRO, Export, Global Sourcing, Parts, Grainger, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico), Grainger Caribe Inc. (Puerto Rico) and China Distribution. Lab Safety is a direct marketer of safety and other industrial products. Integrated Supply serves customers who have chosen to outsource a portion or all of their indirect materials management processes.
The Company’s segments offer differing ranges of services and products and require different resources and marketing strategies. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intersegment transfer prices are established at external selling prices, less costs not incurred due to a related party sale.
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Following are reconciliations of the segment information with the consolidated totals per the financial statements:
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Long-lived assets consist of property, buildings, equipment, capitalized software, goodwill and other intangibles.
Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer.
Unallocated expenses and unallocated assets primarily relate to the Company headquarters’ support services, which are not part of any business segment. Unallocated expenses include payroll and benefits, depreciation and other costs associated with headquarters-related support services. Unallocated assets include nonoperating cash and cash equivalents, certain prepaid expenses and property, buildings and equipment – net. Unallocated expenses increased $21.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2004 when compared with the prior year. The year-over-year variance included increases in payroll and benefits at headquarters driven by stock-based compensation, and bonus and profit sharing accruals, as well as higher severance and benefits related to organizational changes made during 2004.
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The change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment from December 31, 2002 to December 31, 2004 is as follows:
A summary of selected quarterly information for 2004 and 2003 is as follows:
In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company reduced its income tax rate for the year to 35.5% from its previous projection of 38.0%. This reduction was primarily due to the recognition of tax benefits from the Medicare Act, capital loss carrybacks created by the sale of investment securities and the resolution of certain federal and state tax contingencies. The reduction in rate was not determinable until the fourth quarter when these items were finalized and their effect on the rate quantified.
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On February 28, 2002, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets, consisting of 4,801,600 shares of Company common stock and cash, of Mountain Capital Corporation, a Nevada corporation (MCC). In exchange, the Company transferred to MCC 4,695,725 shares of Company common stock. The number of shares transferred reflected a 1.5% discount (72,024 shares) from the number of shares received, and additionally reflected other adjustments designed to reimburse the Company for its direct transaction expenses of $0.6 million (10,549 shares) and for the Company’s payment of indebtedness of MCC of $1.3 million (23,302 shares). The effect on the Company of this transaction was to increase the number of shares held as Treasury stock, thereby reducing the number of shares outstanding by 105,875 shares. The shares received by MCC from the Company were subsequently distributed to the MCC shareholders pursuant to a plan of complete liquidation of MCC.
The transaction documentation includes:
a Purchase Agreement containing the terms and conditions of the transaction;
an Escrow Agreement providing for the pledge by MCC of 10% of the shares received in the transaction, and the pledge by the MCC shareholders of the escrowed shares, as security for the indemnification obligations and liabilities of MCC and the MCC shareholders and
a Share Transfer Restriction Agreement providing for certain restrictions on the transfer of Company common stock received by or otherwise held by the MCC shareholders and certain other parties to that agreement.
Prior to the transaction, James D. Slavik, a Company director, was the president and a director of MCC. In addition, Mr. Slavik and certain members of his family owned all of the outstanding stock of MCC either directly or indirectly, including through family trusts of which Mr. Slavik served as trustee. Mr. Slavik was not present and did not participate in any of the deliberations of the Board of Directors or any of its committees relating to the review, consideration or approval of the transaction.
The components of Unclassified – net were as follows:
The Company has an outstanding guarantee relating to an industrial revenue bond assumed by the buyer of one of the Company’s formerly owned facilities. The maximum exposure under this guarantee is $8.5 million. The Company has not recorded any liability relating to this guarantee and believes it is unlikely that material payments will be required.
The Company has been named, along with numerous other nonaffiliated companies, as a defendant in litigation in various states involving asbestos and/or silica. These lawsuits typically assert claims of personal injury arising from alleged exposure to asbestos and/or silica as a consequence of products purportedly distributed by the Company. As of January 28, 2005, the Company is named in cases filed on behalf of approximately 3,700 plaintiffs in which there is an allegation of exposure to asbestos and/or silica. In addition, during 2004, five cases previously filed against the Company alleging exposure to cotton dust were amended to include allegations relating to asbestos; these cases involve approximately 2,100 plaintiffs.
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The Company has denied, or intends to deny, the allegations in all of the above-described lawsuits. In 2004, lawsuits relating to asbestos and/or silica and involving approximately 700 plaintiffs were dismissed with respect to the Company, typically based on the lack of product identification. If a specific product distributed by the Company is identified in any of these lawsuits, it would attempt to exercise indemnification remedies against the product manufacturer. In addition, the Company believes that a substantial portion of these claims are covered by insurance. The Company is engaged in active discussions with its insurance carriers regarding the scope and amount of coverage. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, it believes that the ultimate resolution will not have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
On September 28, 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) filed an administrative complaint against the Company seeking a civil penalty of $0.4 million for alleged violations of federal clean-air law and regulations. The complaint alleges that the Company sold a “non-essential” wheel chock product which contained and/or was manufactured with an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). The complaint also alleges that the Company sold aerosol cleaning fluids containing an ODS without displaying proper notification where the products were sold. According to the complaint, the Company sold the cleaning fluids to persons who did not provide proof that they were commercial purchasers and failed to verify that such persons were commercial purchasers. The Company does not believe that the resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In addition to the foregoing, from time to time the Company is involved in various other legal and administrative proceedings that are incidental to its business. These include claims relating to product liability, general negligence, environmental issues, employment, intellectual property and other matters. As a government contractor, from time to time the Company is also subject to governmental or regulatory inquiries or audits. It is not expected that the ultimate resolution of any of these matters will have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
On January 7, 2005, Lab Safety, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, signed a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of AW Direct, Inc. (AW Direct). AW Direct is a direct marketer of products to the service vehicle accessories market. The acquisition subsequently closed on January 14, 2005. The final purchase price is expected to be approximately $25 million in cash and approximately $2 million in assumed liabilities. Any goodwill recognized in this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes.
AW Direct, with 2004 sales of more than $28 million, sells general towing and work truck equipment and accessories to customers in the auto service, utilities, government and construction markets. AW Direct will be operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Lab Safety.
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