Wells Fargo
WFC
#54
Rank
$273.03 B
Marketcap
$86.98
Share price
0.80%
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11.57%
Change (1 year)

Wells Fargo - 10-Q quarterly report FY2011 Q1


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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011
Commission file number 001-2979
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
   
Delaware No. 41-0449260
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
420 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California 94163
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 1-866-249-3302
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ            No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ            No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
   
Large accelerated filer    þ
 Accelerated filer ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer      ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨            No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
      
  Shares Outstanding
  April 29, 2011
Common stock, $1-2/3 par value
  5,289,099,076 

 


 

FORM 10-Q
CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
       
PART I     
Item 1. 
Financial Statements
 Page 
  
Consolidated Statement of Income
  49 
  
Consolidated Balance Sheet
  50 
  
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Comprehensive Income
  51 
  
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
  53 
  
Notes to Financial Statements
    
  
1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
  54 
  
2 - Business Combinations
  55 
  
3 - Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Other Short-Term Investments
  55 
  
4 - Securities Available for Sale
  56 
  
5 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
  65 
  
6 - Other Assets
  81 
  
7 - Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
  82 
  
8 - Mortgage Banking Activities
  93 
  
9 - Intangible Assets
  96 
  
10 - Guarantees, Pledged Assets and Collateral
  97 
  
11 - Legal Actions
  99 
  
12 - Derivatives
  100 
  
13 - Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
  107 
  
14 - Preferred Stock
  120 
  
15 - Employee Benefits
  123 
  
16 - Earnings Per Common Share
  124 
  
17 - Operating Segments
  125 
  
18 - Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements
  127 
  
19 - Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements
  130 
  
 
    
Item 2. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Financial Review)
    
    1 
    2 
    4 
    9 
    12 
    13 
    42 
    44 
    45 
    46 
    47 
  
Glossary of Acronyms
  131 
  
 
    
Item 3. 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
  38 
  
 
    
Item 4.   48 
  
 
    
PART II 
Other Information
    
Item 1. 
Legal Proceedings
  132 
  
 
    
Item 1A. 
Risk Factors
  132 
  
 
    
Item 2. 
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
  132 
  
 
    
Item 6. 
Exhibits
  133 
  
 
    
Signature  133 
  
 
    
Exhibit Index  134 
 EX-3.A
 EX-10.C
 EX-10.D
 EX-12.A
 EX-12.B
 EX-31.A
 EX-31.B
 EX-32.A
 EX-32.B
 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

 


Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Summary Financial Data
                     
              % Change 
  Quarter ended  Mar. 31, 2011 from 
 
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Mar. 31,
($ in millions, except per share amounts) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
  
 
                    
For the Period
                    
Wells Fargo net income
 $3,759   3,414   2,547   10 % 48 
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock
  3,570   3,232   2,372   10   51 
Diluted earnings per common share
  0.67   0.61   0.45   10   49 
Profitability ratios (annualized):
                    
Wells Fargo net income to average assets (ROA)
  1.23  %  1.09   0.84   13   46 
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock to average
Wells Fargo common stockholders’ equity (ROE)
  11.98   10.95   8.96   9   34 
Efficiency ratio (1)
  62.6   62.1   56.5   1   11 
Total revenue
 $20,329   21,494   21,448   (5)  (5)
Pre-tax pre-provision profit (PTPP) (2)
  7,596   8,154   9,331   (7)  (19)
Dividends declared per common share
  0.12   0.05   0.05   140   140 
Average common shares outstanding
  5,278.8   5,256.2   5,190.4   -   2 
Diluted average common shares outstanding
  5,333.1   5,293.8   5,225.2   1   2 
Average loans
 $754,077   753,675   797,389   -   (5)
Average assets
  1,241,176   1,237,037   1,226,120   -   1 
Average core deposits (3)
  796,826   794,799   759,169   -   5 
Average retail core deposits (4)
  584,100   573,843   573,653   2   2 
Net interest margin
  4.05  %  4.16   4.27   (3)  (5)
At Period End
                    
Securities available for sale
 $167,906   172,654   162,487   (3)  3 
Loans
  751,155   757,267   781,430   (1)  (4)
Allowance for loan losses
  21,983   23,022   25,123   (5)  (12)
Goodwill
  24,777   24,770   24,819   -   - 
Assets
  1,244,666   1,258,128   1,223,630   (1)  2 
Core deposits (3)
  795,038   798,192   756,050   -   5 
Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity
  133,471   126,408   116,142   6   15 
Total equity
  134,943   127,889   118,154   6   14 
Tier 1 capital (5)
  110,761   109,353   98,329   1   13 
Total capital (5)
  147,311   147,142   137,600   -   7 
Capital ratios:
                    
Total equity to assets
  10.84  %  10.16   9.66   7   12 
Risk-based capital (5):
                    
Tier 1 capital
  11.50   11.16   9.93   3   16 
Total capital
  15.30   15.01   13.90   2   10 
Tier 1 leverage (5)
  9.27   9.19   8.34   1   11 
Tier 1 common equity (6)
  8.93   8.30   7.09   8   26 
Book value per common share
 $23.18   22.49   20.76   3   12 
Team members (active, full-time equivalent)
  270,200   272,200   267,400   (1)  1 
Common stock price:
                    
High
 $34.25   31.61   31.99   8   7 
Low
  29.82   23.37   26.37   28   13 
Period end
  31.71   30.99   31.12   2   2 
 
                    
  
(1) The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).
 
(2) Pre-tax pre-provision profit (PTPP) is total revenue less noninterest expense. Management believes that PTPP is a useful financial measure because it enables investors and others to assess the Company’s ability to generate capital to cover credit losses through a credit cycle.
 
(3) Core deposits are noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, certain market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances).
 
(4) Retail core deposits are total core deposits excluding Wholesale Banking core deposits and retail mortgage escrow deposits.
 
(5) See Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
 
(6) See the “Capital Management” section in this Report for additional information.

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This Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, including the Financial Review and the Financial Statements and related Notes, contains forward-looking statements, which may include forecasts of our financial results and condition, expectations for our operations and business, and our assumptions for those forecasts and expectations. Do not unduly rely on forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to several factors. Some of these factors are described in the Financial Review and in the Financial Statements and related Notes. For a discussion of other factors, refer to the “Forward-Looking Statements” section in this Report and to the “Risk Factors” and “Regulation and Supervision” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (2010 Form 10-K), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
See the Glossary of Acronyms at the end of this Report for terms used throughout this Report.
Financial Review
Overview

Wells Fargo & Company is a $1.2 trillion diversified financial services company providing banking, insurance, trust and investments, mortgage banking, investment banking, retail banking, brokerage and consumer finance through banking stores, the internet and other distribution channels to individuals, businesses and institutions in all 50 states, the District of Columbia (D.C.) and in other countries. We ranked fourth in assets and second in the market value of our common stock among our large bank peers at March 31, 2011. When we refer to “Wells Fargo,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Report, we mean Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries (consolidated). When we refer to the “Parent,” we mean Wells Fargo & Company. When we refer to “legacy Wells Fargo,” we mean Wells Fargo excluding Wachovia Corporation (Wachovia).
Our Vision and Strategy
Our vision is to satisfy all our customers’ financial needs, help them succeed financially, be recognized as the premier financial services company in our markets and be one of America’s great companies. Our primary strategy to achieve this vision is to increase the number of products our customers buy from us and to offer them all of the financial products that fulfill their needs. Our cross-sell strategy, diversified business model and the breadth of our geographic reach facilitate growth in both strong and weak economic cycles, as we can grow by expanding the number of products our current customers have with us, gain new customers in our extended markets, and increase market share in many businesses.
     Our combined company retail bank household cross-sell was 5.79 products per household in first quarter 2011, up from 5.60 a year ago. We believe there is more opportunity for cross-sell as we continue to earn more business from our Wachovia customers. Our goal is eight products per customer, which is approximately half of our estimate of potential demand for an average U.S. household. One of every four of our retail banking households has eight or more products. Business banking cross-sell offers another potential opportunity for growth, with cross-sell of 4.09 products in our Western footprint (including legacy Wells Fargo and converted Wachovia customers), up from 4.04 in fourth quarter 2010.
     Our pursuit of growth and earnings performance is influenced by our belief that it is important to maintain a well controlled operating environment as we complete the integration of the Wachovia businesses and grow the combined company. We manage our credit risk by establishing what we believe are sound credit policies for underwriting new business, while monitoring and reviewing the performance of our loan portfolio. We manage the interest rate and market risks inherent in our asset and liability balances within established ranges, while ensuring adequate liquidity and funding. We maintain strong capital levels to facilitate future growth.
Financial Performance
     Wells Fargo net income was a record $3.8 billion in first quarter 2011, up 48% from a year ago, and diluted earnings per common share were $0.67, up 49%. Our results included contributions from each of our three business segments: Community Banking; Wholesale Banking; and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement. In first quarter 2011, credit quality improved, capital ratios increased and cross-selling reached new highs. Reflecting the significant improvement in our credit portfolios, the provision for credit losses was $1.0 billion less than net charge-offs for first quarter 2011. Revenue was down 5% from a year ago, reflecting a decline in mortgage banking income and lower service charges on deposits due to regulatory changes, as well as a decline in average loans as we continued to reduce our non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios. Noninterest expense was up 5% primarily due to higher commission and incentive compensation.
     Our average core deposits grew 5% from a year ago to $796.8 billion at March 31, 2011. Average core deposits were 106% of total average loans in first quarter 2011, up from 95% a year ago. We continued to attract high quality core deposits in the form of checking and savings deposits, which grew 9% to $722.5 billion at March 31, 2011, from $664.4 billion a year ago, as we added new customers and deepened our relationships with existing customers.
     Wells Fargo remained one of the largest providers of credit to the U.S. economy. We continued to lend to creditworthy customers and made $151 billion in new loan commitments to consumer, small business and commercial customers, including


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Overview (continued)
$84 billion of residential mortgage originations in first quarter 2011, up from a total of $128 billion a year ago. We are an industry leader in loan modifications for homeowners. As of March 31, 2011, approximately 665,000 Wells Fargo mortgage customers were in active trial or had completed loan modifications since the beginning of 2009.
Credit Quality
We experienced significant improvement in our credit portfolio with lower net charge-offs, lower nonperforming assets and improved delinquency trends. The improvement in our credit portfolio was due in part to the continued decline in our non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios (primarily from the Wachovia acquisition), which decreased $6.5 billion in first quarter 2011, and $65.0 billion in total since the Wachovia acquisition, to $126.8 billion at March 31, 2011.
     Reflecting the improved performance in our loan portfolios, the provision for credit losses was $1.0 billion less than net charge-offs for first quarter 2011. Absent significant deterioration in the economy, we expect future reductions in the allowance for credit losses. First quarter 2011 marked the fifth consecutive quarter of declining loan losses and the second consecutive quarter of reduced nonperforming assets. Net charge-offs decreased significantly to $3.2 billion in first quarter 2011 from $3.8 billion in fourth quarter 2010, and $5.3 billion a year ago. Nonperforming assets decreased to $30.6 billion at March 31, 2011, from $32.4 billion at December 31, 2010, and $31.5 billion a year ago. Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing (excluding government insured/guaranteed loans) decreased to $2.4 billion at March 31, 2011, from $2.6 billion at December 31, 2010, and $4.9 billion a year ago. In addition, the portfolio of purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans acquired in the Wachovia merger has performed better than originally expected.
Capital
We continued to build capital in first quarter 2011, with total shareholders’ equity up $7.1 billion from year-end 2010. In first quarter 2011, our Tier 1 common equity ratio grew more than 60 basis points to 8.93% of risk-weighted assets under Basel I, reflecting strong internal capital generation. Under our interpretation of current Basel III capital proposals, we estimate that our Tier 1 common equity ratio grew to 7.2% in first quarter 2011. Our other regulatory capital ratios also continued to grow with the Tier 1 capital ratio reaching 11.50% and Tier 1 leverage ratio reaching 9.27% at March 31, 2011. See the “Capital Management” section in this Report for more information regarding our capital, including Tier 1 common equity.
     We took several capital actions in first quarter 2011. Reflecting our strong capital position, we returned more capital to shareholders in first quarter 2011, with an increase in our quarterly common stock dividend to $0.12 per share. We also increased our share repurchase authority by 200 million shares. In addition, we issued notice to call $3.2 billion of high-cost trust preferred securities and expect to call additional trust preferred securities.
Wachovia Merger Integration
On December 31, 2008, Wells Fargo acquired Wachovia, one of the nation’s largest diversified financial services companies. At the beginning of our third year of the Wachovia integration, our progress to date is on track and on schedule, and business and revenue synergies have exceeded our expectations at the time the merger was announced. First quarter 2011 marked further milestones in our integration of legacy Wells Fargo and Wachovia: we completed our conversion to one common retail brokerage platform and we converted retail banking stores in several eastern states, including Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. With our April conversion of the Pennsylvania retail banking stores, 74% of our banking customers are now on a single deposit system. The Wachovia merger has already proven to be a financial success, with substantially all of the originally expected savings already realized and growing revenue synergies reflecting market share gains in many businesses, including mortgage, auto dealer services and investment banking.
     As a result of PCI accounting for loans acquired in the Wachovia merger, ratios of the Company, including the growth rate in nonperforming assets (NPAs) since December 31, 2008, may not be directly comparable with periods prior to the merger or with credit-related ratios of other financial institutions. In particular:
 Wachovia’s high risk loans were written down pursuant to PCI accounting at the time of merger. Therefore, the allowance for credit losses is lower than otherwise would have been required without PCI loan accounting; and
 
 Because we virtually eliminated Wachovia’s nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2008, the quarterly growth rate in our nonaccrual loans following the merger was higher than it would have been without PCI loan accounting. Similarly, our net charge-offs rate was lower than it otherwise would have been.
Market and Industry Developments
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRB) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) recently issued consent orders that will require us to promptly correct deficiencies in our residential mortgage loan servicing and foreclosure practices that were identified by federal banking regulators in their review conducted in fourth quarter 2010. The consent orders also require that we improve our servicing and foreclosure practices. We are committed to compliance with the consent orders and support the development of national servicing standards that will provide greater clarity for servicers, investors and customers. We continue to be committed to modifying mortgages for at-risk customers. We have been working with our regulators for an extended period to improve our processes and have already begun making some of the operational changes that will result from the expanded servicing responsibilities outlined in the consent orders.
     In 2009, the FRB announced regulatory changes to debit card and ATM overdraft practices, which have reduced our service charges on deposit accounts. The Dodd-Frank Act, among other things, authorizes the FRB to issue regulations


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governing debit card interchange fees, which are expected to be implemented in 2011. We continue to refine our estimate of the potential impact on our income of these regulations, if implemented in 2011. Based on the current FRB proposals, we
currently expect that our quarterly income would be reduced by approximately $325 million (after tax), before the impact of any offsetting actions.


Earnings Performance

Net income for first quarter 2011 was $3.8 billion ($0.67 diluted per share) with $3.6 billion applicable to common stock, compared with net income of $2.5 billion ($0.45 diluted per share) with $2.4 billion applicable to common stock for first quarter 2010. Our first quarter 2011 earnings reflected the benefit of continued improvements in credit quality, partially offset by a decrease in total loans and elevated balances of lower yielding earning assets.
     Revenue, the sum of net interest income and noninterest income, was $20.3 billion in first quarter 2011 compared with $21.4 billion in first quarter 2010. The decline in revenue was predominantly due to lower net interest income and lower mortgage banking revenue. However, many businesses generated year over year revenue growth, including corporate banking, commercial mortgage servicing, fixed income and equity sales and trading, global remittance, real estate capital markets, retail brokerage, auto dealer services and wealth management. Net interest income of $10.7 billion in first quarter 2011 declined 4% from a year ago compared with a 5% decline in average loans. The decline in average loans reflected continued reductions in the non-strategic/liquidating portfolios and soft consumer loan demand.
     Noninterest expense was $12.7 billion (63% of revenue) in first quarter 2011, compared with $12.1 billion (56% of revenue) a year ago. First quarter 2011 included $440 million of merger integration costs (up from $380 million a year ago), $472 million of operating losses (up from $208 million a year ago) substantially all from additional litigation accruals for foreclosure-related matters, and higher incentive compensation expenses caused by sales increases in commission-based business units as well as other earnings-based incentives. Certain expenses remained elevated year over year, including loan resolution costs and merger costs. As we conclude the integration process, and as the economy continues to recover, we expect these expenses to decline.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the interest earned on debt securities, loans (including yield-related loan fees) and other interest-earning assets minus the interest paid for deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. The net interest margin is the average yield on earning assets minus the average interest rate paid for deposits and our other sources of funding. Net interest income and the net interest margin are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis in Table 1 to consistently reflect income from taxable and tax-exempt loans and securities based on a 35% federal statutory tax rate.
     Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis was $10.8 billion in first quarter 2011, compared with $11.3 billion a year ago. The net interest margin was 4.05% in first quarter 2011,
down 22 basis points from 4.27% in first quarter 2010. Net interest margin was compressed relative to first quarter 2010 as lower-yielding cash and short-term investments increased as loan balances declined. The impact of these factors was somewhat mitigated by continued disciplined deposit pricing and reduced long-term debt.
     The mix of earning assets and their yields are important drivers of net interest income. Soft consumer loan demand and the impact of liquidating certain loan portfolios reduced average loans in first quarter 2011 to 70% of average earning assets from 74% in first quarter 2010. Average short-term investments and trading account assets increased to 11% of earning assets in first quarter 2011, up from 6% of earning assets in first quarter 2010.
     Core deposits are a low-cost source of funding and thus an important contributor to both net interest income and the net interest margin. Core deposits include noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, certain market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances). Average core deposits rose to $796.8 billion in first quarter 2011 from $759.2 billion in first quarter 2010 and funded 106% and 95% of average loans, respectively. Average core deposits increased to 74% of average earning assets in first quarter 2011, up from 71% a year ago, yet the cost of these deposits declined significantly as the mix shifted from higher cost certificates of deposit to checking and savings products, which were also at lower yields relative to first quarter 2010. About 90% of our core deposits are now in checking and savings deposits, one of the highest percentages in the industry.


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Table 1: Average Balances, Yields and Rates Paid (Taxable-Equivalent Basis) (1)(2)
                         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
 
  2011  2010 
 
          Interest          Interest 
  Average  Yields/  income/  Average  Yields/  income/ 
(in millions) balance  rates  expense  balance  rates  expense 
 
 
                        
Earning assets
                        
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
 $83,386   0.35 %$72   40,833   0.33 %$33 
Trading assets
  37,403   3.81   356   27,911   3.91   272 
Debt securities available for sale (3):
                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  1,575   2.87   11   2,278   3.62   20 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  19,570   5.45   270   13,696   6.60   221 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                        
Federal agencies
  73,466   4.72   832   79,730   5.39   1,023 
Residential and commercial
  32,934   9.68   732   32,768   9.67   790 
               
 
                        
Total mortgage-backed securities
  106,400   6.21   1,564   112,498   6.67   1,813 
Other debt securities (4)
  35,920   5.55   465   32,346   6.51   492 
               
 
                        
Total debt securities available for sale (4)
  163,465   5.94   2,310   160,818   6.59   2,546 
Mortgages held for sale (5)
  38,742   4.51   437   31,368   4.93   387 
Loans held for sale (5)
  975   4.88   12   6,406   2.15   34 
Loans:
                        
Commercial:
                        
Commercial and industrial
  150,047   4.65   1,723   156,466   4.51   1,743 
Real estate mortgage
  99,797   3.92   967   97,967   3.68   889 
Real estate construction
  24,281   4.26   255   35,852   3.07   272 
Lease financing
  13,020   7.83   255   14,008   9.22   323 
Foreign
  33,638   2.83   235   28,561   3.62   256 
               
 
                        
Total commercial
  320,783   4.33   3,435   332,854   4.23   3,483 
               
 
                        
Consumer:
                        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  229,570   5.01   2,867   245,024   5.26   3,210 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  94,708   4.35   1,018   105,640   4.47   1,168 
Credit card
  21,509   13.18   709   23,345   13.15   767 
Other revolving credit and installment
  87,507   6.36   1,371   90,526   6.40   1,427 
               
 
                        
Total consumer
  433,294   5.54   5,965   464,535   5.70   6,572 
               
 
                        
Total loans (5)
  754,077   5.03   9,400   797,389   5.09   10,055 
Other
  5,228   3.90   50   6,069   3.36   50 
               
 
                        
Total earning assets
 $1,083,276   4.73 %$12,637   1,070,794   5.06 %$13,377 
               
 
                        
Funding sources
                        
Deposits:
                        
Interest-bearing checking
 $58,503   0.10 %$14   62,021   0.15 %$23 
Market rate and other savings
  443,586   0.22   237   403,945   0.29   286 
Savings certificates
  74,371   1.39   255   94,763   1.36   317 
Other time deposits
  13,850   2.24   76   15,878   2.03   80 
Deposits in foreign offices
  57,473   0.23   33   55,434   0.21   29 
               
 
                        
Total interest-bearing deposits
  647,783   0.38   615   632,041   0.47   735 
Short-term borrowings
  54,751   0.22   30   45,081   0.18   19 
Long-term debt
  150,144   2.95   1,104   209,008   2.45   1,276 
Other liabilities
  9,472   3.24   76   5,664   3.43   49 
               
 
                        
Total interest-bearing liabilities
  862,150   0.85   1,825   891,794   0.94   2,079 
Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
  221,126   -   -   179,000   -   
               
 
                        
Total funding sources
 $1,083,276   0.68   1,825   1,070,794   0.79   2,079 
               
 
                        
Net interest margin and net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (6)
      4.05 %$10,812       4.27 %$11,298 
 
              
Noninterest-earning assets
                        
Cash and due from banks
 $17,360           18,049         
Goodwill
  24,775           24,816         
Other
  115,765           112,461         
                   
 
                        
Total noninterest-earning assets
 $157,900           155,326         
                   
 
                        
Noninterest-bearing funding sources
                        
Deposits
 $193,100           172,039         
Other liabilities
  55,316           44,739         
Total equity
  130,610           117,548         
Noninterest-bearing funding sources used to fund earning assets
  (221,126)          (179,000)        
                   
 
                        
Net noninterest-bearing funding sources
 $157,900           155,326         
                   
 
                        
Total assets
 $1,241,176           1,226,120         
                   
 
                        
 
(1) Our average prime rate was 3.25% for the quarters ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. The average three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) was 0.31% and 0.26% for the same quarters, respectively.
 
(2) Yield/rates and amounts include the effects of hedge and risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.
 
(3) Yields and rates are based on interest income/expense amounts for the period, annualized based on the accrual basis for the respective accounts. The average balance amounts include the effects of any unrealized gain or loss marks but those marks carried in other comprehensive income are not included in yield determination of affected earning assets. Thus yields are based on amortized cost balances computed on a settlement date basis.
 
(4) Includes certain preferred securities.
 
(5) Nonaccrual loans and related income are included in their respective loan categories.
 
(6) Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments of $161 million and $151 million for March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 35% for the periods presented.

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Noninterest Income
              
Table 2: Noninterest Income 
 
  Quarter ended March 31, % 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010  Change 
  
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
 $1,012   1,332   (24)  %
Trust and investment fees:
             
Trust, investment and IRA fees
  1,060   1,049   1  
Commissions and all other fees
  1,856   1,620   15 
      
 
Total trust and investment fees
  2,916   2,669   9  
      
 
Card fees
  957   865   11  
Other fees:
             
Cash network fees
  81   55   47  
Charges and fees on loans
  397   419   (5) 
Processing and all other fees
  511   467   9  
      
 
Total other fees
  989   941   5  
      
 
Mortgage banking:
             
Servicing income, net
  866   1,366   (37) 
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities
  1,150   1,104   4  
      
 
Total mortgage banking
  2,016   2,470   (18) 
      
 
Insurance
  503   621   (19) 
Net gains from trading activities
  612   537   14  
Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale
  (166)  28  NM  
Net gains from equity investments
  353   43   721  
Operating leases
  77   185   (58) 
All other
  409   610   (33) 
      
 
Total
 $9,678   10,301   (6) 
      
NM - Not meaningful
Noninterest income was $9.7 billion for first quarter 2011, compared with $10.3 billion for first quarter 2010, representing 48% of revenue for both periods. The decrease from March 31, 2010 was due largely to lower mortgage banking net servicing income and lower service charges on deposit accounts.
     Our service charges on deposit accounts decreased in first quarter by $320 million from a year ago. This decrease was primarily the result of changes to Regulation E and related overdraft policy changes.
     We earn trust, investment and IRA (Individual Retirement Account) fees from managing and administering assets, including mutual funds, corporate trust, personal trust, employee benefit trust and agency assets. At March 31, 2011, these assets totaled $2.2 trillion, up 10% from $2.0 trillion at March 31, 2010. Trust, investment and IRA fees are largely based on a tiered scale relative to the market value of the assets under management or administration. These fees were $1.1 billion in first quarter 2011, up 1% from a year ago.
     We receive commissions and other fees for providing services to full-service and discount brokerage customers as well as from investment banking activities including equity and bond underwriting. These fees increased to $1.9 billion in first quarter 2011 from $1.6 billion a year ago. These fees include transactional commissions, which are based on the number of
transactions executed at the customer’s direction, and asset-based fees, which are based on the market value of the customer’s assets. Brokerage client assets totaled $1.2 trillion at March 31, 2011, up from $1.1 trillion a year ago.
     Card fees increased to $957 million in first quarter 2011, from $865 million a year ago, mainly due to growth in purchase volume and new accounts growth driven by improvements in the economy.
     Mortgage banking noninterest income consists of net servicing income and net gains on loan origination/sales activities and totaled $2.0 billion in first quarter 2011, compared with $2.5 billion a year ago. The reduction year over year in mortgage banking noninterest income was primarily driven by a decline in net servicing income.
     Net servicing income includes both changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) during the period as well as changes in the value of derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the MSRs. Net servicing income for first quarter 2011 included a $379 million net MSR valuation gain that was recorded to earnings ($499 million increase in the fair value of the MSRs offset by a $120 million hedge loss) and for first quarter 2010 included a $989 million net MSR valuation gain ($777 million decrease in the fair value of MSRs offset by a $1.8 billion hedge gain). The valuation of our MSRs at the end of first quarter 2011 reflected our assessment of changes in servicing and foreclosure costs, including the estimated impact from regulatory consent orders. See the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Risks Relating to Servicing Activities” section and Note 11 (Legal Actions) to Financial Statements in this Report for information on the regulatory consent orders. The $610 million decline in net MSR valuation gain results for first quarter 2011 compared with first quarter 2010 was primarily due to a decline in hedge carry income. See the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section of this Report for a detailed discussion of our MSRs risks and hedging approach. Our portfolio of loans serviced for others was $1.86 trillion at March 31, 2011, and $1.84 trillion at December 31, 2010. At March 31, 2011, the ratio of MSRs to related loans serviced for others was 0.92%, compared with 0.86% at December 31, 2010.
     Income from loan origination/sale activities was $1.2 billion in first quarter 2011 compared with $1.1 billion a year ago. The slight increase in first quarter 2011 was driven by lower provision for loan repurchase losses and higher loan origination volume, offset by lower margins on loan originations.
     Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities include the cost of any additions to the mortgage repurchase liability. Mortgage loans are repurchased from third parties based on standard representations and warranties and early payment default clauses in mortgage sale contracts. Additions to the mortgage repurchase liability that were charged against net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities during first quarter 2011 totaled $249 million (compared with $402 million for first quarter 2010), of which $214 million ($358 million for first quarter 2010) was for subsequent increases in estimated losses on prior year’s loan sales because of the current economic environment. For additional information about mortgage loan


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repurchases, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Liability for Mortgage Loan Repurchase Losses” section in this Report.
     Residential real estate originations were $84 billion in first quarter 2011 compared with $76 billion a year ago and mortgage applications were $102 billion in first quarter 2011 compared with $125 billion a year ago. The 1-4 family first mortgage unclosed pipeline was $45 billion at March 31, 2011, and $59 billion at March 31, 2010. For additional detail, see the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section and Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) and Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     Net gains on debt and equity securities totaled $187 million for first quarter 2011 and $71 million for first quarter 2010, after other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) write-downs of $121 million for first quarter 2011 and $197 million a year ago.
Noninterest Expense
              
Table 3: Noninterest Expense 
 
  Quarter ended Mar. 31, % 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010  Change 
  
 
Salaries
 $3,454   3,314   4   %
Commission and incentive compensation
  2,347   1,992   18  
Employee benefits
  1,392   1,322   5  
Equipment
  632   678   (7) 
Net occupancy
  752   796   (6) 
Core deposit and other intangibles
  483   549   (12) 
FDIC and other deposit assessments
  305   301   1  
Outside professional services
  580   484   20  
Contract services
  369   347   6  
Foreclosed assets
  408   386   6  
Operating losses
  472   208   127  
Outside data processing
  220   272   (19) 
Postage, stationery and supplies
  235   242   (3) 
Travel and entertainment
  206   171   20  
Advertising and promotion
  116   112   4  
Telecommunications
  134   143   (6) 
Insurance
  133   148   (10) 
Operating leases
  24   37   (35) 
All other
  471   615   (23) 
      
 
Total
 $12,733   12,117   5  
  
Noninterest expense was $12.7 billion in first quarter 2011, up 5% from $12.1 billion in first quarter 2010, mostly due to performance-based compensation in brokerage and mortgage, as well as higher operating losses. Commission and incentive compensation expense increased proportionately more than salaries due to higher revenues generated by businesses with revenue-based compensation including the brokerage and mortgage businesses. Volume-related mortgage personnel expense reductions initiated in first quarter 2011 were not fully realized in the first quarter as team member displacement notification periods can lag volume declines. Operating losses of $472 million were substantially all from litigation accruals for foreclosure-related matters.
     Merger integration costs totaled $440 million and $380 million in first quarter 2011 and 2010, respectively. Integration expense drove the majority of the increase in outside professional services. First quarter 2011 marked further milestones in our integration of legacy Wells Fargo and Wachovia: we completed our conversion to one common retail brokerage platform and we converted retail banking stores in several eastern states, including Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York. With our April conversion of the Pennsylvania retail banking stores, 74% of our banking customers are now on a single deposit system.
Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate was 29.5% for first quarter 2011, which included the benefit associated with the realization for tax purposes of a previously written-down investment. Our current estimate of the effective tax rate for the full year 2011 is 32%.


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Operating Segment Results
We define our operating segments by product and customer. In fourth quarter 2010, we aligned certain lending businesses into Wholesale Banking from Community Banking to reflect our previously announced restructuring of Wells Fargo Financial. In first quarter 2011, we realigned a private equity business into Wholesale Banking from Community Banking. Prior periods
have been revised to reflect these changes. Table 4 and the following discussion present our results by operating segment. For a more complete description of our operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 17 (Operating Segments) to Financial Statements in this Report.


Table 4: Operating Segment Results – Highlights
                         
                  Wealth, Brokerage 
  Community Banking  Wholesale Banking  and Retirement 
 
(in billions) 2011  2010  2011  2010  2011  2010 
 
 
Quarter ended March 31,
                        
Revenue
 $12.6   14.0   5.5   5.4   3.2   2.9 
Net income
  2.2   1.4   1.7   1.2   0.3   0.3 
 
 
Average loans
  509.8   550.4   234.7   237.0   42.7   43.8 
Average core deposits
  548.1   531.5   184.8   161.6   125.4   121.1 
 

Community Banking offers a complete line of diversified financial products and services for consumers and small businesses including investment, insurance and trust services in 39 states and D.C., and mortgage and home equity loans in all 50 states and D.C. through its Regional Banking and Wells Fargo Home Mortgage business units.
     Community Banking reported net income of $2.2 billion and revenue of $12.6 billion in first quarter 2011. Revenue declined $1.4 billion from first quarter 2010 driven primarily by a decrease in mortgage banking income due to a decrease in servicing income, lower deposit service charges due to Regulation E and related overdraft policy changes, and lower net interest income from the planned reduction in certain liquidating loan portfolios. Average core deposits increased $16.6 billion, or 3%, as growth in liquid deposits more than offset planned certificates of deposit run-off. We generated strong growth in the number of consumer and business checking accounts (up 7.4% and 5.3%, respectively, from March 31, 2010). Noninterest expense increased from first quarter 2010 due primarily to higher operating losses due to litigation-related accruals and volume driven mortgage-related expenses. The provision for credit losses decreased $2.5 billion from first quarter 2010 and credit quality indicators in most of our consumer and business loan portfolios generally continued to improve. Net credit losses declined in almost all portfolios and we released $850 million in reserves in first quarter 2011, compared with no reserve release a year ago.
Wholesale Banking provides financial solutions across the U.S. and globally to middle market and large corporate customers with annual revenue generally in excess of $20 million. Products and businesses include commercial banking, investment banking and capital markets, securities investment, government and institutional banking, corporate banking, commercial real estate, treasury management, capital finance, international, insurance, real estate capital markets, commercial mortgage servicing, corporate trust, equipment finance, asset backed finance, and asset management.
     Wholesale Banking reported net income of $1.7 billion, up $415 million, or 34%, from first quarter 2010. Revenue increased $37 million, or 1%, from the prior year, driven by growth in net interest income due to stronger earning assets, solid deposit growth and higher loan portfolio yields. Noninterest income declined $164 million, or 6%, from prior year as growth in investment banking and capital markets, corporate banking, foreign exchange and real estate capital markets was more than offset by reduced levels of PCI portfolio recoveries, crop insurance gains and trading portfolio income. Noninterest expense increased $115 million, or 4%, from prior year related to higher personnel expenses. Total provision for credit losses of $134 million declined $676 million, or 83%, from first quarter 2010. The decrease included a $150 million allowance release along with a $526 million improvement in credit losses, compared with no allowance release a year ago.
Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement provides a full range of financial advisory services to clients using a planning approach to meet each client’s needs. Wealth Management provides affluent and high net worth clients with a complete range of wealth management solutions including financial planning, private banking, credit, investment management and trust. Family Wealth meets the unique needs of the ultra high net worth customers. Brokerage serves customers’ advisory, brokerage and financial needs as part of one of the largest full-service brokerage firms in the United States. Retirement is a national leader in providing institutional retirement and trust services (including 401(k) and pension plan record keeping) for businesses, retail retirement solutions for individuals, and reinsurance services for the life insurance industry.
     Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement earned net income of $339 million in first quarter 2011. Revenue of $3.2 billion included a mix of brokerage commissions, asset-based fees and net interest income. Net interest income was up $32 million compared with first quarter 2010 as higher investment income was driven by solid deposits growth. Noninterest income was up $208 million, or 9%, as higher asset-based fees were partially


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offset by lower brokerage transaction revenue and miscellaneous fees. Noninterest expense was up $169 million, or 7%, from first
quarter 2010, primarily due to increased broker commissions from increased production levels.


Balance Sheet Analysis
 
During first quarter 2011, our total assets, loans and core deposits each declined slightly from December 31, 2010, but the strength of our business model produced record earnings and high rates of internal capital generation as reflected in our improved capital ratios. Tier 1 capital increased to 11.50% as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets, total capital to 15.30%, Tier 1 leverage to 9.27% and Tier 1 common equity to 8.93% at March 31, 2011, up from 11.16%, 15.01%, 9.19% and 8.30%, respectively, at December 31, 2010. At March 31, 2011, core
deposits funded 106% of the loan portfolio, and we have significant capacity to add loans and higher yielding long-term MBS to generate future revenue and earnings growth.
     The following discussion provides additional information about the major components of our balance sheet. Information about changes in our asset mix and about our capital is included in the “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” and “Capital Management” sections of this Report.


Securities Available for Sale
Table 5: Securities Available for Sale – Summary
 
                         
 
  March 31, 2011   December 31, 2010 
 
      Net          Net   
 
      unrealized  Fair      unrealized  Fair 
 
(in millions) Cost  gain  value  Cost  gain  value 
 
 
                        
Debt securities available for sale
 $155,147   7,751   162,898   160,071   7,394   167,465 
 
                        
Marketable equity securities
  3,883   1,125   5,008   4,258   931   5,189 
 
 
                        
Total securities available for sale
 $159,030   8,876   167,906   164,329   8,325   172,654 
 
     Table 5 presents a summary of our securities available-for-sale portfolio. Securities available for sale consist of both debt and marketable equity securities. We hold debt securities available for sale primarily for liquidity, interest rate risk management and long-term yield enhancement. Accordingly, this portfolio consists primarily of very liquid, high quality federal agency debt and privately issued MBS. The total net unrealized gains on securities available for sale were $8.9 billion at March 31, 2011, up from net unrealized gains of $8.3 billion at December 31, 2010, primarily due to narrowing of credit spreads.
     We analyze securities for OTTI quarterly or more often if a potential loss-triggering event occurs. Of the $121 million OTTI write-downs in first quarter 2011, $80 million related to debt securities. There were no OTTI write-downs for marketable equity securities and there were $41 million in OTTI write-downs related to nonmarketable equity securities. For a discussion of our OTTI accounting policies and underlying considerations and analysis see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Securities) in our 2010 Form 10-K and Note 4 (Securities Available for Sale) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     At March 31, 2011, debt securities available for sale included $21 billion of municipal bonds, of which 84% were rated “A-” or better, based on external, and in some cases internal, ratings. Additionally, some of these bonds are guaranteed against loss by bond insurers. These bonds are predominantly investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the determination to
purchase, without relying on the bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These municipal bonds will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis of our securities available for sale.
     The weighted-average expected maturity of debt securities available for sale was 6.5 years at March 31, 2011. Because 66% of this portfolio is MBS, the expected remaining maturity may differ from contractual maturity because borrowers generally have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature. The estimated effect of a 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates on the fair value and the expected remaining maturity of the MBS available for sale are shown in Table 6.
Table 6: Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
             
 
          Expected 
 
      Net  remaining 
 
  Fair  unrealized  maturity 
 
(in billions) value  gain (loss)  (in years) 
 
 
            
At March 31, 2011
 $108.3   5.9   5.0 
 
            
At March 31, 2011,

assuming a 200 basis point:
            
 
            
Increase in interest rates
  97.2   (5.2)  6.4 
 
            
Decrease in interest rates
  115.6   13.2   3.6 
 
     See Note 4 (Securities Available for Sale) to Financial Statements in this Report for securities available for sale by security type.


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Balance Sheet Analysis (continued)
Loan Portfolio
Table 7: Loan Portfolios
 
         
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Commercial
 $323,222   322,058 
 
        
Consumer
  427,933   435,209 
 
 
        
Total loans
 $751,155   757,267 
 
     A discussion of average loan balances and a comparative detail of average loan balances is included in Table 1 under “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” earlier in this Report. Year-end balances and other loan related information
are in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Deposits
Deposits totaled $837.7 billion at March 31, 2011, compared with $847.9 billion at December 31, 2010. Table 8 provides additional detail regarding deposits. Comparative detail of average deposit balances is provided in Table 1 under “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” earlier in this Report. Total core deposits were $795.0 billion at March 31, 2011, down $3.2 billion from $798.2 billion at December 31, 2010.


Table 8: Deposits
 
                     
      % of      % of    
 
  March 31, total  December 31, total  % 
 
(in millions) 2011  deposits  2010  deposits  Change 
 
 
                    
Noninterest-bearing
 $190,935   23  %$191,231   23 %  
 
                    
Interest-bearing checking
  55,632   6   63,440   7   (12)
 
                    
Market rate and other savings
  441,383   53   431,883   51   2 
 
                    
Savings certificates
  73,063   9   77,292   9   (5)
 
                    
Foreign deposits (1)
  34,025   4   34,346   4   (1)
     
 
                    
Core deposits
  795,038   95   798,192   94    
Other time and savings deposits
  19,288   2   19,412   2   (1)
 
                    
Other foreign deposits
  23,336   3   30,338   4   (23)
     
 
                    
Total deposits
 $837,662   100  %$847,942   100 % (1)
 
   
(1) Reflects Eurodollar sweep balances included in core deposits.

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Fair Valuation of Financial Instruments
We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. See our 2010 Form 10-K for a description of our critical accounting policy related to fair valuation of financial instruments.
     We may use independent pricing services and brokers to obtain fair values based on quoted prices. We determine the most appropriate and relevant pricing service for each security class and generally obtain one quoted price for each security. For certain securities, we may use internal traders to obtain quoted prices. Quoted prices are subject to our internal price verification procedures. We validate prices received using a variety of methods, including, but not limited to, comparison to pricing services, corroboration of pricing by reference to other independent market data such as secondary broker quotes and relevant benchmark indices, and review of pricing by Company personnel familiar with market liquidity and other market-related conditions.
     Table 9 presents the summary of the fair value of financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and the amounts measured using significant Level 3 inputs (before derivative netting adjustments). The fair value of the remaining assets and liabilities were measured using valuation methodologies involving market-based or market-derived information, collectively Level 1 and 2 measurements.
Table 9: Fair Value Level 3 Summary
 
                 
 
  March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
 
  Total      Total    
 
($ in billions) balance  Level 3 (1)  balance  Level 3 (1) 
 
 
                
Assets carried

at fair value
 $277.1    47.6    293.1    47.9  
 
                
As a percentage

of total assets
  22   %  4    23     
 
                
Liabilities carried

at fair value
 $24.7    5.7    21.2    6.4  
 
                
As a percentage of

total liabilities
  2   %  1       
 
                
 
   
(1) Before derivative netting adjustments.
     See Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report for a complete discussion on our use of fair valuation of financial instruments, our related measurement techniques and the impact to our financial statements.


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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
In the ordinary course of business, we engage in financial transactions that are not recorded in the balance sheet, or may be recorded in the balance sheet in amounts that are different from the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, (3) diversify our funding sources, and/or (4) optimize capital.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions with Unconsolidated Entities
We routinely enter into various types of on- and off-balance sheet transactions with special purpose entities (SPEs), which are corporations, trusts or partnerships that are established for a limited purpose. Historically, the majority of SPEs were formed in connection with securitization transactions. For more information on securitizations, including sales proceeds and cash flows from securitizations, see Note 7 (Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities) to Financial Statements in this Report.


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Risk Management
 
All financial institutions must manage and control a variety of business risks that can significantly affect their financial performance. Key among those are credit, asset/liability and market risk.
     For more information about how we manage these risks, see the “Risk Management” section in our 2010 Form 10-K. The discussion that follows is intended to provide an update on these risks.
Credit Risk Management
Table 10: Total Loans Outstanding by Portfolio Segment and Class of Financing Receivable
 
         
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Commercial:
        
 
        
Commercial and industrial
 $150,857    151,284  
 
        
Real estate mortgage
  101,084    99,435  
 
        
Real estate construction
  22,868    25,333  
 
        
Lease financing
  12,937    13,094  
 
        
Foreign (1)
  35,476    32,912  
 
 
        
Total commercial
  323,222    322,058  
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
 
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  226,509    230,235  
 
        
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  93,041    96,149  
 
        
Credit card
  20,996    22,260  
 
        
Other revolving credit and installment
  87,387    86,565  
 
 
        
Total consumer
  427,933    435,209  
 
 
        
Total loans
 $751,155    757,267  
 
   
(1) Substantially all of our foreign loan portfolio is commercial loans. Loans are classified as foreign if the borrower’s primary address is outside of the United States.
Our credit risk management process is governed centrally, but provides for decentralized management and accountability by our lines of business. Our overall credit process includes comprehensive credit policies, judgmental or statistical credit underwriting, frequent and detailed risk measurement and modeling, extensive credit training programs, and a continual loan review and audit process. In addition, banking regulatory examiners review and perform detailed tests of our credit underwriting, loan administration and allowance processes.
     A key to our credit risk management is adhering to a well controlled underwriting process, which we believe is appropriate for the needs of our customers as well as investors who purchase the loans or securities collateralized by the loans. We approve applications and make loans only if we believe the customer has the ability to repay the loan or line of credit according to all its terms. Our underwriting of loans collateralized by residential real property includes appraisals or automated valuation models (AVMs) to support property values. AVMs are computer-based tools used to estimate the market value of homes. AVMs are a lower-cost alternative to
appraisals and support valuations of large numbers of properties in a short period of time. AVMs estimate property values based on processing large volumes of market data including market comparables and price trends for local market areas. The primary risk associated with the use of AVMs is that the value of an individual property may vary significantly from the average for the market area. We have processes to periodically validate AVMs and specific risk management guidelines addressing the circumstances when AVMs may be used. Generally AVMs are used in underwriting to support property values on loan originations only where the loan amount is under $250,000. For underwriting residential property loans of $250,000 or more, we generally require property visitation appraisals by qualified independent appraisers.
Non-Strategic and Liquidating Portfolios We continually evaluate and modify our credit policies to address appropriate levels of risk. Accordingly, from time to time, we designate certain portfolios and loan products as non-strategic or high risk to limit or cease their continued origination as we actively work to limit losses and reduce our exposures.
     Table 11 identifies our non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios. These portfolios have decreased 34% since the merger with Wachovia at December 31, 2008, and decreased 5% from the end of 2010. They consist primarily of the Pick-a-Pay mortgage portfolio and non Pick-a-Pay PCI loans acquired in our acquisition of Wachovia as well as some portfolios from legacy Wells Fargo home equity and Wells Fargo Financial. Effective first quarter 2011, we added our education finance government guaranteed loan portfolio to the non-strategic and liquidating portfolios as there is no longer a U.S. Government guaranteed student loan program available to private financial institutions pursuant to legislation in 2010.
     The legacy Wells Fargo Financial debt consolidation portfolio included $1.2 billion of loans at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, that were considered prime based on secondary market standards. The remainder is non-prime but was originated with standards to reduce credit risk.
     Analysis of the Pick-a-Pay and the commercial and industrial and CRE domestic PCI portfolios is presented below in the Significant Credit Concentrations and Portfolios Reviews section.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
Table 11: Non-Strategic and Liquidating Loan Portfolios
 
                 
  Outstanding balance
 
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2009  2008
 
 
                
Commercial:
                
Commercial and industrial, CRE and foreign PCI loans (1)
 $7,507   7,935   12,988   18,704 
 
 
                
Total commercial
  7,507   7,935   12,988   18,704 
 
 
                
Consumer:
                
Pick-a-Pay mortgage (1)
  71,506   74,815   85,238   95,315 
Liquidating home equity
  6,568   6,904   8,429   10,309 
Legacy Wells Fargo Financial indirect auto
  4,941   6,002   11,253   18,221 
Legacy Wells Fargo Financial debt consolidation
  18,344   19,020   22,364   25,299 
Education Finance - government guaranteed (2)
  16,907   17,510   21,150   20,465 
Other PCI loans (1)
  1,048   1,118   1,688   2,478 
 
 
                
Total consumer
  119,314   125,369   150,122   172,087 
 
 
                
Total non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios
 $126,821   133,304   163,110   190,791 
 
(1) Net of purchase accounting adjustments related to PCI loans.
 
(2) Effective first quarter 2011, we included our education finance government guaranteed loan portfolio as there is no longer a U. S. Government guaranteed student loan program available to private financial institutions, pursuant to legislation in 2010. Prior periods have been adjusted to reflect this change.

Significant Credit Concentrations and Portfolio Reviews Measuring and monitoring our credit risk is an ongoing process that tracks delinquencies, collateral values, FICO scores, economic trends by geographic areas, loan-level risk grading for certain portfolios (typically commercial) and other indications of credit risk. Our credit risk monitoring process is designed to enable early identification of developing risk and to support our determination of an adequate allowance for credit losses. The following analysis reviews the relevant concentrations and certain credit metrics of our significant portfolios. See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report for more analysis and credit metric information.
COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE (CRE) The CRE portfolio consists of both CRE mortgage loans and CRE construction loans. The combined CRE loans outstanding totaled $124.0 billion at March 31, 2011, or 17% of total loans. CRE construction loans totaled $22.9 billion at March 31, 2011, or 3% of total loans. CRE mortgage loans totaled $101.1 billion at March 31, 2011, or 14% of total loans, of which over 38% was to owner-occupants. Table 12 summarizes CRE loans by state and property type with the related nonaccrual totals. CRE nonaccrual loans totaled 6% of the non-PCI CRE outstanding balance at March 31, 2011. The portfolio is diversified both geographically and by property type. The largest geographic concentrations of combined CRE loans are in California and Florida, which represented 24% and 10% of the total CRE portfolio, respectively. By property type, the largest concentrations are office buildings at 25% and industrial/warehouse at 11% of the portfolio.
     The underwriting of CRE loans primarily focuses on cash flows and creditworthiness of the customer, in addition to collateral valuations. To identify and manage newly emerging problem CRE loans, we employ a high level of surveillance and regular customer interaction to understand and manage the risks associated with these assets, including regular loan reviews and appraisal updates. As issues are identified, management is engaged and dedicated workout groups are put in place to manage problem assets. At March 31, 2011, the recorded investment in PCI CRE loans totaled $5.4 billion, down from $12.3 billion at December 31, 2008, reflecting the reduction resulting from loan resolutions and write-downs.


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Table 12: CRE Loans by State and Property Type
 
                             
  March 31, 2011 
 
  Real estate mortgage  Real estate construction  Total  % of 
 
  Nonaccrual  Outstanding  Nonaccrual  Outstanding  Nonaccrual  Outstanding  total 
(in millions) loans  balance (1)  loans  balance (1)  loans  balance (1)  loans 
  
 
                            
By state:
                            
PCI loans (1):
                            
Florida
 $-   449   -   436   -   885   *%
California
  -   606   -   174   -   780   * 
New York
  -   288   -   223   -   511   * 
Virginia
  -   212   -   241   -   453   * 
North Carolina
  -   98   -   307   -   405   * 
Other
  -   1,311   -   1,066   -   2,377  (2) * 
  
 
                            
Total PCI loans
 $-   2,964   -   2,447   -   5,411   *%
  
 
                            
All other loans:
                            
California
 $1,201   25,343   323   3,262   1,524   28,605   %
Florida
  858   9,493   348   2,083   1,206   11,576    
Texas
  370   6,825   140   1,978   510   8,803    
North Carolina
  377   4,497   224   1,322   601   5,819   * 
New York
  58   3,953   13   1,069   71   5,022   * 
Virginia
  88   3,380   44   1,423   132   4,803   * 
Georgia
  393   3,587   111   789   504   4,376   * 
Arizona
  231   3,557   93   673   324   4,230   * 
Colorado
  109   3,039   59   482   168   3,521   * 
Washington
  60   2,907   32   440   92   3,347   * 
Other
  1,494   31,539   852   6,900   2,346   38,439  (3)  
  
 
                            
Total all other loans
 $5,239   98,120   2,239   20,421   7,478   118,541   16 %
  
 
                            
Total
 $5,239   101,084   2,239   22,868   7,478   123,952   17 %
  
 
                            
By property:
                            
PCI loans (1):
                            
Apartments
 $-   737   -   583   -   1,320   *%
Office buildings
  -   938   -   281   -   1,219   * 
1-4 family land
  -   239   -   429   -   668   * 
Retail (excluding shopping center)
  -   288   -   94   -   382   * 
Land (excluding 1-4 family)
  -   50   -   290   -   340   * 
Other
  -   712   -   770   -   1,482   * 
  
 
                            
Total PCI loans
 $-   2,964   -   2,447   -   5,411   *%
  
 
                            
All other loans:
                            
Office buildings
 $1,203   27,386   107   2,139   1,310   29,525   %
Industrial/warehouse
  727   13,175   45   802   772   13,977    
Apartments
  387   9,515   282   3,200   669   12,715    
Retail (excluding shopping center)
  612   10,584   90   819   702   11,403    
Shopping center
  337   8,010   188   1,587   525   9,597    
Real estate - other
  302   8,629   17   342   319   8,971    
Hotel/motel
  497   6,168   46   852   543   7,020   * 
Land (excluding 1-4 family)
  47   442   596   6,553   643   6,995   * 
Institutional
  84   2,657   9   190   93   2,847   * 
Agriculture
  142   2,551   -   27   142   2,578   * 
Other
  901   9,003   859   3,910   1,760   12,913    
  
 
                            
Total all other loans
 $5,239   98,120   2,239   20,421   7,478   118,541   16 %
  
 
                            
Total
 $5,239   101,084  (4)  2,239   22,868   7,478   123,952   17 %
  
* Less than 1%.
 
(1)  For PCI loans, amounts represent carrying value. PCI loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
 
(2) Includes 35 states; no state had loans in excess of $405 million.
 
(3) Includes 40 states; no state had loans in excess of $3.0 billion.
 
(4) Includes $38.6 billion of loans to owner-occupants where 51% or more of the property is used in the conduct of their business.

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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LOANS AND LEASE FINANCING For purposes of portfolio risk management, we aggregate commercial and industrial loans and lease financing according to market segmentation and standard industry codes. Table 13 summarizes commercial and industrial loans and lease financing by industry with the related nonaccrual totals. We believe this portfolio has experienced less credit deterioration than our CRE portfolios. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the commercial and industrial loans and lease financing portfolios had (1) a lower percentage of loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing of 0.21%; 0.27% for CRE, (2) a lower percentage of nonperforming loans to total loans outstanding of 1.68%; 6.03% for CRE. Also, the annualized loss rate for both portfolios declined from first quarter 2010. We believe this portfolio is well underwritten and is diverse in its risk with relatively even concentrations across several industries. Our credit risk management process for this portfolio primarily focuses on a customer’s ability to repay the loan through their cash flow. Generally, the collateral securing this portfolio represents a secondary source of repayment.
     A majority of our commercial and industrial loans and lease financing portfolio is secured by short-term liquid assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory and securities, as well as long-lived assets, such as equipment and other business assets.
Table 13: Commercial and Industrial Loans and Lease Financing by Industry
 
             
  March 31, 2011 
 
          % of 
  Nonaccrual  Outstanding  total 
(in millions) loans  balance (1)  loans 
  
 
            
PCI loans (1):
            
Insurance
 $-   94   * %
Investors
  -   81   * 
Technology
  -   67   * 
Cyclical retailers
  -   51   * 
Healthcare
  -   38   * 
Residential construction
  -   38   * 
Other
  -   239  (2) * 
  
 
            
Total PCI loans
 $-   608   * %
  
 
            
All other loans:
            
Financial institutions
 $138   11,285   %
Cyclical retailers
  52   9,683    
Food and beverage
  66   8,423    
Oil and gas
  142   7,911    
Healthcare
  74   7,693    
Industrial equipment
  87   6,773   * 
Transportation
  25   6,451   * 
Business services
  69   5,923   * 
Investors
  92   5,678   * 
Real estate
  96   5,654   * 
Technology
  21   5,432   * 
Utilities
  2   4,712   * 
Other
  1,884   77,568  (3) 10  
  
 
            
Total all other loans
 $2,748   163,186   22 %
  
 
            
Total
 $2,748   163,794   22 %
  
* Less than 1%.
 
(1)  For PCI loans, amounts represent carrying value. PCI loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
 
(2) No other single category had loans in excess of $32.7 million.
 
(3) No other single category had loans in excess of $4.6 billion. The next largest categories included public administration, hotel/restaurant, securities firms, non-residential construction and leisure.


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     During the recent credit cycle, we have experienced an increase in requests for extensions of commercial and industrial and CRE loans. All extensions granted are based on a re-underwriting of the loan and our assessment of the borrower’s ability to perform under the agreed-upon terms. At the time of extension, borrowers are generally performing in accordance with the contractual loan terms. Extension terms generally range from six to thirty-six months and may require that the borrower provide additional economic support in the form of partial repayment, amortization or additional collateral or guarantees. In cases where the value of collateral or financial condition of the borrower is insufficient to repay our loan, we may rely upon the support of an outside repayment guarantee in providing the extension. In considering the impairment status of the loan, we evaluate the collateral and future cash flows as well as the anticipated support of any repayment guarantor. When performance under a loan is not reasonably assured, including the performance of the guarantor, we place the loan on nonaccrual status and we charge-off all or a portion of the loan based on the fair value of the collateral securing the loan.
     Our ability to seek performance under a guarantee is directly related to the guarantor’s creditworthiness, capacity and willingness to perform, which is evaluated on an annual basis, or more frequently as warranted. Our evaluation is based on the most current financial information available and is focused on various key financial metrics, including net worth, leverage, and current and future liquidity. We consider the guarantor’s reputation, creditworthiness, and willingness to work with us based on our analysis as well as other lenders’ experience with the guarantor. Our assessment of the guarantor’s credit strength is reflected in our loan risk ratings for such loans. The loan risk rating is an important factor in our allowance methodology for commercial and industrial and CRE loans.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
REAL ESTATE 1-4 FAMILY MORTGAGE LOANS The concentrations of real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans by state are presented in Table 14. Our real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans to borrowers in California represented approximately 14% of total loans (3% of this amount were PCI loans from Wachovia) at March 31, 2011, mostly within the larger metropolitan areas, with no single area consisting of more than 3% of total loans. Changes in real estate values and underlying economic or market conditions for these areas are monitored continuously within our credit risk management process.
     Some of our real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans (representing first mortgage and home equity products) include an interest-only feature as part of the loan terms. At March 31, 2011, these interest-only loans were approximately 24% of total commercial and consumer loans, compared with 25% at December 31, 2010. Substantially all of these interest-only loans are considered to be prime or near prime. We believe we have manageable adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) reset risk across our Wells Fargo originated and owned mortgage loan portfolios. We do not offer option ARM products, nor do we offer variable-rate mortgage products with fixed payment amounts, commonly referred to within the financial services industry as negative amortizing mortgage loans. Our option ARM portfolio was acquired in the Wachovia merger on December 31, 2008.
Table 14: Real Estate 1-4 Family Mortgage Loans by State
 
                 
  March 31, 2011 
 
  Real estate  Real estate  Total real   
  1-4 family  1-4 family  estate 1-4  % of 
  first  junior lien  family  total 
(in millions) mortgage  mortgage  mortgage  loans 
  
 
                
PCI loans:
                
California
 $21,139   47   21,186   %
Florida
  3,169   50   3,219   * 
New Jersey
  1,344   31   1,375   * 
Other (1)
  6,589   111   6,700   * 
  
 
                
Total PCI loans
 $32,241   239   32,480   %
  
 
                
All other loans:
                
California
 $55,137   25,626   80,763   11 %
Florida
  16,848   7,808   24,656    
New Jersey
  8,917   6,412   15,329    
New York
  8,348   3,718   12,066    
Virginia
  6,048   4,623   10,671    
Pennsylvania
  6,126   4,032   10,158    
North Carolina
  5,797   3,479   9,276    
Georgia
  4,725   3,520   8,245    
Texas
  6,531   1,423   7,954    
Other (2)
  75,791   32,161   107,952   14  
  
 
                
Total all other loans
 $194,268   92,802   287,070   38 %
  
 
                
Total
 $226,509   93,041   319,550   43 %
  
* Less than 1%.
 
(1)  Consists of 46 states; no state had loans in excess of $786 million.
 
(2) Consists of 41 states; no state had loans in excess of $6.9 billion. Includes $15.9 billion in loans which are insured by the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).


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PURCHASED CREDIT-IMPAIRED (PCI) LOANS As of December 31, 2008, certain of the loans acquired from Wachovia had evidence of credit deterioration since their origination, and it was probable that we would not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. Such loans identified at the time of the acquisition were accounted for in the acquisition using the measurement provisions for PCI loans. PCI loans were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, and the historical allowance for credit losses related to these loans was not carried over. Such loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
     A nonaccretable difference was established in purchase accounting for PCI loans to absorb losses expected at that time on those loans. Amounts absorbed by the nonaccretable difference do not affect the income statement or the allowance for credit losses.
     Substantially all commercial and industrial, CRE and foreign PCI loans are accounted for as individual loans. Conversely, Pick-a-Pay and other consumer PCI loans have been aggregated into several pools based on common risk characteristics. Each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.
     Resolutions of loans may include sales to third parties, receipt of payments in settlement with the borrower, or foreclosure of the collateral. Our policy is to remove an individual loan from a pool based on comparing the amount received from its resolution with its contractual amount. Any difference between these amounts is absorbed by the nonaccretable difference. This removal method assumes that the amount received from resolution approximates pool performance expectations. The accretable yield percentage is unaffected by the resolution and any changes in the effective yield for the remaining loans in the pool are addressed by our quarterly cash flow evaluation process for each pool. For loans that are resolved by payment in full, there is no release of the nonaccretable difference for the pool because there is no difference between the amount received at resolution and the contractual amount of the loan. Modified PCI loans are not removed from a pool even if those loans would otherwise be deemed TDRs. Modified PCI loans that are accounted for individually are considered TDRs, and removed from PCI accounting, if there has been a concession granted in excess of the original nonaccretable difference.
     During first quarter 2011, we recognized in income $71 million released from nonaccretable difference related to commercial PCI loans due to payoffs and dispositions of these loans. We also transferred $115 million from the nonaccretable difference to the accretable yield and $393 million of losses from loan resolutions and write-downs were absorbed by the nonaccretable difference. Table 15 provides an analysis of changes in the nonaccretable difference related to principal that is not expected to be collected.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
Table 15: Changes in Nonaccretable Difference for PCI Loans
 
                 
          Other   
(in millions) Commercial  Pick-a-Pay  consumer  Total 
 
 
    
Balance at December 31, 2008
 $10,410   26,485   4,069   40,964 
Release of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Loans resolved by settlement with borrower (1)
  (330)  -   -   (330)
Loans resolved by sales to third parties (2)
  (86)  -   (85)  (171)
Reclassification to accretable yield for loans with improving credit-related cash flows (3)
  (138)  (27)  (276)  (441)
Use of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Losses from loan resolutions and write-downs (4)
  (4,853)  (10,218)  (2,086)  (17,157)
 
 
    
Balance at December 31, 2009
  5,003   16,240   1,622   22,865 
Release of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Loans resolved by settlement with borrower (1)
  (817)  -   -   (817)
Loans resolved by sales to third parties (2)
  (172)  -   -   (172)
Reclassification to accretable yield for loans with improving credit-related cash flows (3)
  (726)  (2,356)  (317)  (3,399)
Use of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Losses from loan resolutions and write-downs (4)
  (1,698)  (2,959)  (391)  (5,048)
 
 
    
Balance at December 31, 2010
  1,590   10,925   914   13,429 
Release of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Loans resolved by settlement with borrower (1)
  (53)  -   -   (53)
Loans resolved by sales to third parties (2)
  (18)  -   -   (18)
Reclassification to accretable yield for loans with improving credit-related cash flows (3)
  (94)  -   (21)  (115)
Use of nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Losses from loan resolutions and write-downs (4)
  (30)  (299)  (64)  (393)
 
 
    
Balance at March 31, 2011
 $1,395   10,626   829   12,850 
 
 
(1) Release of the nonaccretable difference for settlement with borrower, on individually accounted PCI loans, increases interest income in the period of settlement. Pick-a-Pay and Other consumer PCI loans do not reflect nonaccretable difference releases due to pool accounting for those loans, which assumes that the amount received approximates the pool performance expectations.
 
(2) Release of the nonaccretable difference as a result of sales to third parties increases noninterest income in the period of the sale.
 
(3) Reclassification of nonaccretable difference to accretable yield for loans with increased cash flow estimates will result in increased interest income as a prospective yield adjustment over the remaining life of the loan or pool of loans.
 
(4) Write-downs to net realizable value of PCI loans are absorbed by the nonaccretable difference when severe delinquency (normally 180 days) or other indications of severe borrower financial stress exist that indicate there will be a loss of contractually due amounts upon final resolution of the loan.

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     Since the Wachovia acquisition, we have released $5.5 billion in nonaccretable difference for certain PCI loans and pools of PCI loans, including $4.0 billion transferred from the nonaccretable difference to the accretable yield and $1.5 billion released to income through loan resolutions. We have provided $1.6 billion in the allowance for credit losses for certain PCI loans or pools of PCI loans that have had credit-related decreases to cash flows expected to be collected. The net result is a $3.9 billion reduction from December 31, 2008 through March 31, 2011, in our initial expected losses on all PCI loans.
     At March 31, 2011, the allowance for credit losses in excess of nonaccretable difference on certain PCI loans was $257 million. The allowance is necessary to absorb credit-related decreases in cash flows expected to be collected since acquisition and primarily relates to individual PCI loans. Table 16 analyzes the actual and projected loss results on PCI loans since the acquisition of Wachovia on December 31, 2008, through March 31, 2011.


Table 16: Actual and Projected Loss Results on PCI Loans
 
                 
          Other   
(in millions) Commercial  Pick-a-Pay  consumer  Total 
 
 
    
Release of unneeded nonaccretable difference due to:
                
Loans resolved by settlement with borrower (1)
 $1,200   -   -   1,200 
Loans resolved by sales to third parties (2)
  276   -   85   361 
Reclassification to accretable yield for loans with improving credit-related cash flows (3)
  958   2,383   614   3,955 
 
 
    
Total releases of nonaccretable difference due to better than expected losses
  2,434   2,383   699   5,516 
Provision for worse than originally expected losses (4)
  (1,573)  -   (61)  (1,634)
 
 
    
Actual and projected losses on PCI loans less than originally expected
 $861   2,383   638   3,882 
 
 
(1) Release of the nonaccretable difference for settlement with borrower, on individually accounted PCI loans, increases interest income in the period of settlement. Pick-a-Pay and Other consumer PCI loans do not reflect nonaccretable difference releases due to pool accounting for those loans, which assumes that the amount received approximates the pool performance expectations.
 
(2) Release of the nonaccretable difference as a result of sales to third parties increases noninterest income in the period of the sale.
 
(3) Reclassification of nonaccretable difference to accretable yield for loans with increased cash flow estimates will result in increased interest income as a prospective yield adjustment over the remaining life of the loan or pool of loans.
 
(4) Provision for additional losses recorded as a charge to income, when it is estimated that the cash flows expected to be collected for a PCI loan or pool of loans have decreased subsequent to the acquisition.
     For further detail on PCI loans, see Note 5 (Loans and Allowance
for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.

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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

PICK-A-PAY PORTFOLIO The Pick-a-Pay portfolio was one of the consumer residential first mortgage portfolios we acquired from Wachovia. We considered a majority of the Pick-a-Pay loans to be PCI loans. The Pick-a-Pay portfolio is a liquidating portfolio, as Wachovia ceased originating new Pick-a-Pay loans in 2008.
     Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgages and lines of credit associated with Pick-a-Pay loans are reported in the Home Equity core portfolio. The Pick-a-Pay portfolio includes loans
that offer payment options (Pick-a-Pay option payment loans), and also includes loans that were originated without the option payment feature, loans that no longer offer the option feature as a result of our modification efforts since the acquisition, and loans where the customer voluntarily converted to a fixed-rate product. The Pick-a-Pay portfolio is included in the consumer real estate 1-4 family first mortgage class of loans throughout this Report. Table 17 provides balances over time related to the types of loans included in the portfolio.


Table 17: Pick-a-Pay Portfolio – Balances Over Time
 
                          
  March 31,  December 31, 
  2011  2010  2008 
  Adjusted      Adjusted      Adjusted    
  unpaid      unpaid      unpaid    
  principal      principal      principal    
(in millions) balance  % of total  balance  % of total  balance  % of total 
  
 
    
Option payment loans (1)
 $46,908   58 %$49,958   59 %$99,937   86 %
Non-option payment adjustable-rate
and fixed-rate loans (1)
  10,900   14   11,070   13   15,763   14 
Full-term loan modifications (1)
  22,779   28   23,132   28   -   -  
  
 
    
Total adjusted unpaid principal balance (1)
 $80,587   100 %$84,160   100 %$115,700   100 %
  
 
    
Total carrying value
 $71,506      $74,815      $95,315      
 
    
  
 
(1) Adjusted unpaid principal balance includes write-downs taken on loans where severe delinquency (normally 180 days) or other indications of severe borrower financial stress exist that indicate there will be a loss of contractually due amounts upon final resolution of the loan.

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     PCI loans in the Pick-a-Pay portfolio had an adjusted unpaid principal balance of $40.7 billion and a carrying value of $31.4 billion at March 31, 2011. The carrying value of the PCI loans is net of remaining purchase accounting write-downs, which reflected their fair value at acquisition. Upon acquisition, we recorded a $22.4 billion write-down in purchase accounting on Pick-a-Pay loans that were impaired.
     Due to the sustained positive performance observed on the Pick-a-Pay portfolio compared with the original acquisition estimates, we have reclassified $2.4 billion from the nonaccretable difference to the accretable yield since the Wachovia merger. This improvement in the lifetime credit outlook for this portfolio is primarily attributable to the significant modification efforts as well as the portfolio’s delinquency stabilization. This improvement in the credit outlook is expected to be realized over the remaining life of the portfolio, which is estimated to have a weighted-average life of approximately nine years. The accretable yield percentage in first quarter 2011 was 4.54%, consistent with fourth quarter 2010. Fluctuations in the accretable yield are driven by changes in interest rate indices for variable rate PCI loans, prepayment assumptions, and expected principal and interest payments over the estimated life of the portfolio. Changes in the projected timing of cash flow events, including loan liquidations, modifications and short sales, can also affect the accretable yield percentage and the estimated weighted-average life of the portfolio.
     Pick-a-Pay option payment loans may be adjustable or fixed rate. They are home mortgages on which the customer has the option each month to select from among four payment options: (1) a minimum payment as described below, (2) an interest-only payment, (3) a fully amortizing 15-year payment, or (4) a fully amortizing 30-year payment.
     The minimum monthly payment for substantially all of our Pick-a-Pay loans is reset annually. The new minimum monthly payment amount usually cannot increase by more than 7.5% of the then-existing principal and interest payment amount. The minimum payment may not be sufficient to pay the monthly interest due and in those situations a loan on which the customer has made a minimum payment is subject to “negative amortization,” where unpaid interest is added to the principal balance of the loan. The amount of interest that has been added to a loan balance is referred to as “deferred interest.” Total deferred interest of $2.5 billion at March 31, 2011, was down from $2.7 billion at December 31, 2010, due to loan modification efforts as well as falling interest rates resulting in the minimum payment option covering the interest and some principal on many loans. At March 31, 2011, approximately 76% of customers choosing the minimum payment option did not defer interest.
     Deferral of interest on a Pick-a-Pay loan may continue as long as the loan balance remains below a pre-defined principal cap, which is based on the percentage that the current loan balance represents to the original loan balance. Loans with an original loan-to-value (LTV) ratio equal to or below 85% have a cap of 125% of the original loan balance, and these loans represent substantially all the Pick-a-Pay portfolio. Loans with an original LTV ratio above 85% have a cap of 110% of the original loan balance. Most of the Pick-a-Pay loans on which there is a deferred interest balance re-amortize (the monthly payment amount is reset or “recast”) on the earlier of the date when the loan balance reaches its principal cap, or the 10-year anniversary of the loan. For a small population of Pick-a-Pay loans, the recast occurs at the five-year anniversary. After a recast, the customers’ new payment terms are reset to the amount necessary to repay the balance over the remainder of the original loan term.
     Due to the terms of the Pick-a-Pay portfolio, there is little recast risk over the next three years. Based on assumptions of a flat rate environment, if all eligible customers elect the minimum payment option 100% of the time and no balances prepay, we would expect the following balances of loans to recast based on reaching the principal cap: $1 million for the remainder of 2011, $3 million in 2012, and $30 million in 2013. In first quarter 2011, the amount of loans recast based on reaching the principal cap was $2 million. In addition, in a flat rate environment, we would expect the following balances of loans to start fully amortizing due to reaching their recast anniversary date and also having a payment change at the recast date greater than the annual 7.5% reset: $22 million for the remainder of 2011, $65 million in 2012, and $265 million in 2013. In first quarter 2011, the amount of loans reaching their recast anniversary date and also having a payment change over the annual 7.5% reset was $3 million.
     Table 18 reflects the geographic distribution of the Pick-a-Pay portfolio broken out between PCI loans and all other loans. In stressed housing markets with declining home prices and increasing delinquencies, the LTV ratio is a useful metric in predicting future real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loan performance, including potential charge-offs. Because PCI loans were initially recorded at fair value, including write-downs for expected credit losses, the ratio of the carrying value to the current collateral value will be lower compared with the LTV based on the adjusted unpaid principal balance. For informational purposes, we have included both ratios for PCI loans in the following table.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
Table 18: Pick-a-Pay Portfolio (1)
 
                         
  March 31, 2011 
 
    
  PCI loans  All other loans 
 
    
              Ratio of       
  Adjusted          carrying       
  unpaid  Current      value to      Current 
  principal  LTV  Carrying  current  Carrying  LTV 
(in millions) balance (2)  ratio (3)  value (4)  value  value (4)  ratio (3) 
 
 
    
California
 $27,645   119 %  $20,952   90 %  $19,571   83 %
Florida
  3,782   125   2,878   90   4,152   103 
New Jersey
  1,409   93   1,235   80   2,512   78  
Texas
  365   79   332   72   1,636   65 
New York
  781   92   682   79   1,087   81  
Other states
  6,692   109   5,353   86   11,116   86 
                 
Total Pick-a-Pay loans
 $40,674        $31,432        $40,074      
                 
 
 
(1) The individual states shown in this table represent the top five states based on the total net carrying value of the Pick-a-Pay loans at the beginning of 2011.
 
(2) Adjusted unpaid principal balance includes write-downs taken on loans where severe delinquency (normally 180 days) or other indications of severe borrower financial stress exist that indicate there will be a loss of contractually due amounts upon final resolution of the loan.
 
(3) The current LTV ratio is calculated as the adjusted unpaid principal balance divided by the collateral value. Collateral values are generally determined using automated valuation models (AVM) and are updated quarterly. AVMs are computer-based tools used to estimate market values of homes based on processing large volumes of market data including market comparables and price trends for local market areas.
 
(4) Carrying value, which does not reflect the allowance for loan losses, includes remaining purchase accounting adjustments, which, for PCI loans may include the nonaccretable difference and the accretable yield and, for all other loans, an adjustment to mark the loans to a market yield at date of merger less any subsequent charge-offs.
     To maximize return and allow flexibility for customers to avoid foreclosure, we have in place several loss mitigation strategies for our Pick-a-Pay loan portfolio. We contact customers who are experiencing difficulty and may in certain cases modify the terms of a loan based on a customer’s documented income and other circumstances.
     We also have taken steps to work with customers to refinance or restructure their Pick-a-Pay loans into other loan products. For customers at risk, we offer combinations of term extensions of up to 40 years (from 30 years), interest rate reductions, forbearance of principal, and, in geographies with substantial property value declines, we may offer permanent principal reductions.
     We offer proprietary modification programs and the U.S. Treasury Department’s Home Affordability Modification Program (HAMP) to our real estate 1-4 family mortgage borrowers. In first quarter 2011, we completed more than 4,600 proprietary and HAMP Pick-a-Pay loan modifications and have completed more than 85,000 modifications since the Wachovia acquisition, resulting in $3.9 billion of principal forgiveness to our Pick-a-Pay customers. The majority of the loan modifications were concentrated in our PCI Pick-a-Pay loan portfolio. As part of the modification process, the loans are re-underwritten, income is documented and the negative amortization feature is eliminated. Most of the modifications result in material payment reduction to the customer. Because of the write-down of the PCI loans in purchase accounting, our post-merger modifications to PCI Pick-a-Pay loans have not resulted in any provision for credit losses. To the extent we modify loans not in the PCI Pick-a-Pay portfolio, we separately estimate impairment to the extent loans have been modified in a TDR.


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HOME EQUITY PORTFOLIOS The deterioration in specific segments of the legacy Wells Fargo Home Equity portfolios, which began in 2007, required a targeted approach to managing these assets. In fourth quarter 2007, a liquidating portfolio was identified, consisting of home equity loans generated through the wholesale channel not behind a Wells Fargo first mortgage, and home equity loans acquired through correspondents. The liquidating portfolio was $6.6 billion at March 31, 2011, compared with $6.9 billion at December 31, 2010. The loans in this liquidating portfolio represent less than 1% of our total loans outstanding at March 31, 2011, and contain some of the highest risk in our $114.1 billion Home Equity portfolio, with a loss rate of 10.10% compared with 3.44% for the core Home Equity portfolio.
     The loans in the liquidating portfolio are largely concentrated in geographic markets that have experienced the most abrupt and steepest declines in housing prices. The core portfolio was $107.6 billion at March 31, 2011, of which 98% was originated through the retail channel and approximately 20% of the outstanding balance was in a first lien position. Table 19 shows the credit attributes of the Home Equity core and liquidating portfolios. California loans represent the largest state concentration in each of these portfolios and have experienced among the highest early-term delinquency and loss rates.


Table 19: Home Equity Portfolios (1)
 
                         
          % of loans  Loss rate
          two payments (annualized)
  Outstanding balance or more past due Quarter ended
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2011  2010  2011  2010 
 
 
    
Core portfolio (2)
                        
California
 $27,048   27,850   3.17 % 3.30   3.98   3.95 
Florida
  11,742   12,036   5.07   5.46   6.16   5.84 
New Jersey
  8,460   8,629   3.24   3.44   2.83   1.83 
Virginia
  5,535   5,667   2.30   2.33   1.91   1.70 
Pennsylvania
  5,304   5,432   2.42   2.48   1.49   1.11 
Other
  49,491   50,976   2.65   2.83   2.97   2.86 
                 
Total
  107,580   110,590   3.06   3.24   3.44   3.24 
                 
 
    
Liquidating portfolio
                        
California
  2,421   2,555   6.11   6.66   13.19   13.48 
Florida
  312   330   7.16   8.85   15.15   10.59 
Arizona
  139   149   6.25   6.91   20.02   18.45 
Texas
  118   125   2.15   2.02   3.39   2.95 
Minnesota
  87   91   4.24   5.39   8.94   8.73 
Other
  3,491   3,654   3.98   4.53   7.36   6.46 
                 
Total
  6,568   6,904   4.94   5.54   10.10   9.49 
                 
 
    
Total core and liquidating portfolios
 $114,148   117,494   3.17   3.37   3.83   3.61 
                 
 
 
(1) Consists predominantly of real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgages and first and junior lines of credit secured by real estate, excluding PCI loans.
 
(2) Includes $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, associated with the Pick-a-Pay portfolio.

CREDIT CARDS Our credit card portfolio totaled $21.0 billion at March 31, 2011, which represented 3% of our total outstanding loans. The quarterly net charge-off rate (annualized) for our credit card loans declined throughout 2010 and was 7.21% for first quarter 2011 compared with 11.17% for first quarter 2010.
OTHER REVOLVING CREDIT AND INSTALLMENT Other revolving credit and installment loans totaled $87.4 billion at March 31, 2011, and predominantly include automobile, student and security-based margin loans. Education finance government guaranteed student loans totaled $16.8 billion of this group of loans at March 31, 2011, and are included in our non-strategic and liquidating portfolios as discussed earlier in this Report. The quarterly net charge-off rate (annualized) for other revolving credit and installment loans was 1.42% for first quarter 2011 compared with 2.45% for first quarter 2010.
     For further credit quality details on our loan portfolios, see Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.


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Risk Management — Credit Risk Management (continued)

NONACCRUAL LOANS AND OTHER NONPERFORMING ASSETS We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when:
 the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain;
 
 they are 90 days (120 days with respect to real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgages) past due for interest or principal, unless both well-secured and in the process of collection; or
 part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred.
     Table 20 shows a quarterly trend for nonaccrual loans and other NPAs, and, for fourth quarter 2010, shows a decline in the total balance from the prior quarter for the first time since the acquisition of Wachovia. The decline continued in first quarter 2011.


Table 20: Nonaccrual Loans and Other Nonperforming Assets
                                 
  March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010  September 30, 2010  June 30, 2010 
 
      % of      % of      % of      % of 
      total      total      total      total 
($ in millions)  Balances  loans   Balances  loans   Balances  loans   Balances  loans 
 
 
Commercial:
                                
Commercial and industrial
   $2,653   1.76%   $3,213   2.12%   $4,103   2.79%   $3,843   2.63%
Real estate mortgage
  5,239   5.18   5,227   5.26   5,079   5.14   4,689   4.71 
Real estate construction
  2,239   9.79   2,676   10.56   3,198   11.46   3,429   11.10 
Lease financing
  95   0.73   108   0.82   138   1.06   163   1.21 
Foreign
  86   0.24   127   0.39   126   0.42   115   0.38 
                       
 
Total commercial (1)
  10,312   3.19   11,351   3.52   12,644   3.99   12,239   3.82 
                       
Consumer:
                                
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (2)
  12,143   5.36   12,289   5.34   12,969   5.69   12,865   5.50 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  2,235   2.40   2,302   2.39   2,380   2.40   2,391   2.36 
Other revolving credit and installment
  275   0.31   300   0.35   312   0.35   316   0.36 
                       
 
Total consumer
  14,653   3.42   14,891   3.42   15,661   3.58   15,572   3.49 
                       
Total nonaccrual loans (3)(4)(5)
  24,965   3.32   26,242   3.47   28,305   3.76   27,811   3.63 
                       
 
Foreclosed assets:
                                
Government insured/guaranteed (6)
  1,457       1,479       1,492       1,344     
Non-government insured/guaranteed
  4,055       4,530       4,635       3,650     
                       
 
Total foreclosed assets
  5,512       6,009       6,127       4,994     
                       
Other (7)
  140       120       141       131     
                       
 
Total nonaccrual loans and other nonperforming assets
   $30,617   4.08%   $32,371   4.27%   $34,573   4.59%   $32,936   4.30%
                       
 
Change from prior quarter
   $(1,754)      (2,202)      1,637       1,436     
 
(1) Includes LHFS of $17 million, $3 million, $89 million and $19 million at March 31, 2011, and December 31, September 30, and June 30, 2010, respectively.
 
(2) Includes MHFS of $430 million, $426 million, $448 million and $450 million at March 31, 2011, and December 31, September 30, and June 30, 2010, respectively.
 
(3) Excludes loans acquired from Wachovia that are accounted for as PCI loans because they continue to earn interest income from accretable yield, independent of performance in accordance with their contractual terms.
 
(4) Real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) and student loans predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program are not placed on nonaccrual status because they are insured or guaranteed.
 
(5) See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report and Note 6 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in our 2010 Form 10-K for further information on impaired loans.
 
(6) Consistent with regulatory reporting requirements, foreclosed real estate securing government insured/guaranteed loans is classified as nonperforming. Both principal and interest for government insured/guaranteed loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because the loans are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
 
(7) Includes real estate investments (loans for which any yield is based on performance of the underlying real estate collateral and are accounted for as investments) that would be classified as nonaccrual if these assets were recorded as loans, and nonaccrual debt securities.

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     Total NPAs were $30.6 billion (4.08% of total loans) at March 31, 2011, and included $25.0 billion of nonaccrual loans and $5.5 billion of foreclosed assets. Since the peak in third quarter 2010, NPAs have declined for all loan and other asset types through March 31, 2011, except commercial real estate
mortgages which increased slightly. Nonaccruals in all other loan portfolios were essentially flat or down year over year. New inflows to nonaccrual loans continued to decline. Table 21 provides an analysis of the changes in nonaccrual loans.


Table 21: Analysis of Changes in Nonaccrual Loans
                     
  Quarter ended
 
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Commercial nonaccrual loans
                    
Balance, beginning of quarter
 $11,351   12,644   12,239   12,265   11,723 
Inflows
  1,881   2,329   2,807   2,560   2,763 
Outflows
  (2,920)  (3,622)  (2,402)  (2,586)  (2,221)
 
 
Balance, end of quarter
  10,312   11,351   12,644   12,239   12,265 
 
 
Consumer nonaccrual loans
                    
Balance, beginning of quarter
  14,891   15,661   15,572   15,036   12,695 
Inflows
  3,955   4,357   4,866   4,733   6,169 
Outflows
  (4,193)  (5,127)  (4,777)  (4,197)  (3,828)
 
 
Balance, end of quarter
  14,653   14,891   15,661   15,572   15,036 
 
 
Total nonaccrual loans
 $24,965   26,242   28,305   27,811   27,301 
 

     Typically, changes to nonaccrual loans period-over-period represent inflows for loans that reach a specified past due status, offset by reductions for loans that are charged off, sold, transferred to foreclosed properties, or are no longer classified as nonaccrual because they return to accrual status. We continue to modify loans to assist homeowners and other borrowers in the current difficult economic cycle.
Loans are re-underwritten at the time of the modification in accordance with underwriting guidelines established for governmental and proprietary loan modification programs. For an accruing loan that has been modified, if the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and shows the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will remain in accruing status. Otherwise, the loan will be placed in a nonaccrual status generally until the borrower has made six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent, inclusive of consecutive payments made prior to modification.
     Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when it is probable that we will not collect the contractual value of the asset. While nonaccrual loans are not free of loss content, we believe exposure to loss is significantly mitigated by four factors. First, 99% of consumer nonaccrual loans and 96% of commercial nonaccrual loans are secured. Second, losses have already been recognized on 55% of the remaining balance of consumer nonaccruals and commercial nonaccruals have been written down by $2.8 billion. Residential nonaccrual loans are written down to net realizable value (fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell) at 180 days past due, except for loans that go into trial modification prior to becoming 180 days past due, and which are not written down in the trial period (three months) as long as trial payments are being made on time. Third, as of March 31, 2011, 54% of commercial nonaccrual loans were current on interest. Fourth, the inherent risk of loss
in all nonaccruals has been considered and we believe is adequately covered by the allowance for loan losses.
     Commercial nonaccrual loans, net of write-downs, amounted to $10.3 billion at March 31, 2011, compared with $12.3 billion a year ago. Consumer nonaccrual loans amounted to $14.7 billion at March 31, 2011, compared with $15.0 billion a year ago. Federal government modification programs, such as HAMP, and Wells Fargo proprietary modification programs, such as the Company’s Pick-a-Pay Mortgage Assistance program, require customers to provide updated documentation, and some programs require completion of trial payment periods to demonstrate sustained performance, before the loan can be removed from nonaccrual status. In addition, for loans in foreclosure, many states, including California, Florida and New Jersey, have enacted legislation that significantly increases the time frames to complete the foreclosure process, meaning that loans will remain in nonaccrual status for longer periods. At the conclusion of the foreclosure process, we continue to sell real estate owned in a timely fashion.
     Generally, when a consumer real estate loan is 120 days past due, we move it to nonaccrual status. When the loan reaches 180 days past due it is our policy to write these loans down to net realizable value, except for modifications in their trial period. Thereafter, we revalue each loan regularly and recognize additional charges if needed. Of the $14.7 billion of consumer nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2011, 98% are secured by real estate and 32% have a combined LTV (CLTV) ratio of 80% or below.
     Table 22 provides a summary of foreclosed assets.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
Table 22: Foreclosed Assets
                     
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Government insured/guaranteed (1)
 $1,457   1,479   1,492   1,344   1,111 
PCI loans:
                    
Commercial
  1,005   967   1,043   940   697 
Consumer
  741   1,068   1,109   722   490 
 
 
Total PCI loans
  1,746   2,035   2,152   1,662   1,187 
 
 
All other loans:
                    
Commercial
  1,408   1,412   1,343   1,087   820 
Consumer
  901   1,083   1,140   901   963 
 
 
Total all other loans
  2,309   2,495   2,483   1,988   1,783 
 
 
Total foreclosed assets
 $5,512   6,009   6,127   4,994   4,081 
 
(1) Consistent with regulatory reporting requirements, foreclosed real estate securing government insured/guaranteed loans is classified as nonperforming. Both principal and interest for government insured/guaranteed loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because the loans are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.

     NPAs at March 31, 2011, included $1.5 billion of foreclosed real estate that is FHA insured or VA guaranteed and expected to have little to no loss content, and $4.0 billion of foreclosed assets, which have been written down to net realizable value. Foreclosed assets increased $1.4 billion, or 35%, year over year in first quarter 2011. Of this increase, $559 million were foreclosed loans from the PCI portfolio that are now recorded as foreclosed assets. At March 31, 2011, substantially all of our foreclosed assets of $5.5 billion have been in the foreclosed assets portfolio one year or less.
     Given our real estate-secured loan concentrations and current economic conditions, we anticipate continuing to hold a high level of NPAs on our balance sheet. The loss content in the nonaccrual loans has been recognized through charge-offs or provided for in the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2011. The performance of any one loan can be affected by external factors, such as economic or market conditions, or factors affecting a particular borrower. We are maintaining increased staffing in our workout and collection organizations to ensure troubled borrowers receive the attention and help they need. See the “Risk Management – Allowance for Credit Losses” section in this Report for additional information.
     We process foreclosures on a regular basis for the loans we service for others as well as those we hold in our loan portfolio. However, we utilize foreclosure only as a last resort for dealing with borrowers who are experiencing financial hardships. We employ extensive contact and restructuring procedures to attempt to find other solutions for our borrowers.


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TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS (TDRs)
Table 23: Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)
                     
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Consumer TDRs:
                    
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
 $12,261   11,603   10,951   9,525   7,972 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  1,824   1,626   1,566   1,469   1,563 
Other revolving credit and installment
  859   778   674   502   310 
 
 
Total consumer TDRs
  14,944   14,007   13,191   11,496   9,845 
 
 
Commercial TDRs
  2,352   1,751   1,350   656   386 
 
 
Total TDRs
 $17,296   15,758   14,541   12,152   10,231 
 
 
TDRs on nonaccrual status
 $5,041   5,185   5,177   3,877   2,738 
TDRs on accrual status
  12,255   10,573   9,364   8,275   7,493 
 
 
Total TDRs
 $17,296   15,758   14,541   12,152   10,231 
 

     Table 23 provides information regarding the recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs. The allowance for TDR loans was $4.2 billion at March 31, 2011, and $3.9 billion at December 31, 2010. Total charge-offs related to loans modified in a TDR were $349 million for first quarter 2011 and $322 million for first quarter 2010.
     Our nonaccrual policies are generally the same for all loan types when a restructuring is involved. We underwrite loans at the time of restructuring to determine whether there is sufficient evidence of sustained repayment capacity based on the borrower’s documented income, debt to income ratios, and other factors. Any loans lacking sufficient evidence of sustained repayment capacity at the time of modification are charged down to the fair value of the collateral, if applicable. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and the underwriting process shows the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will remain in accruing status. Otherwise, the loan will be placed in nonaccrual status generally until the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, generally six consecutive months of payments, or equivalent, inclusive of consecutive payments made prior to modification. Loans will also be placed on nonaccrual, and a corresponding charge-off is recorded to the loan balance, if we believe that principal and interest contractually due under the modified agreement will not be collectible.
     We do not forgive principal for a majority of our TDRs, but in those situations where principal is forgiven, the entire amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off to the extent not done so prior to the modification. We sometimes delay the required timing of a portion of principal (principal forbearance) and charge off the amount of forbearance if that amount is not considered fully collectible. When a TDR performs in accordance with its modified terms, the loan either continues to accrue interest (for performing loans), or will return to accrual status after the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Loans included in this category are 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal and still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. PCI loans of $10.8 billion at March 31, 2011, and $11.6 billion at December 31, 2010, are excluded from this disclosure even though they are 90 days or more contractually past due. These PCI loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable
yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
     Excluding insured/guaranteed loans, loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at March 31, 2011, were down $221 million, or 8%, from December 31, 2010. The decline was due to loss mitigation activities including modifications and increased collection capacity/process improvements, charge-offs, lower early stage delinquency levels and credit stabilization.
     Table 24 reflects non-PCI loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed.


Table 24: Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
                     
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Total (excluding PCI):
 $17,901   18,488   18,815   19,384   21,822 
Less: FHA insured/guaranteed by the VA (1)
  14,353   14,733   14,529   14,387   15,865 
Less: Student loans guaranteed under the FFELP (2)
  1,120   1,106   1,113   1,122   1,072 
 
 
Total, not government insured/guaranteed
 $2,428   2,649   3,173   3,875   4,885 
 
 
                    
By segment and class, not insured/guaranteed:
                    
Commercial:
                    
Commercial and industrial
 $338   308   222   540   561 
Real estate mortgage
  177   104   463   654   947 
Real estate construction
  156   193   332   471   787 
Foreign
  16   22   27   21   29 
 
 
Total commercial
  687   627   1,044   1,686   2,324 
 
 
Consumer:
                    
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (3)
  858   941   1,016   1,049   1,281 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage (3)
  325   366   361   352   414 
Credit card
  413   516   560   610   719 
Other revolving credit and installment
  145   199   192   178   147 
 
 
Total consumer
  1,741   2,022   2,129   2,189   2,561 
 
 
Total, not government insured/guaranteed
 $2,428   2,649   3,173   3,875   4,885 
 
(1) Represents loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
 
(2) Represents loans whose repayments are predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP).
 
(3) Includes mortgages held for sale 90 days or more past due and still accruing.

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NET CHARGE-OFFS
Table 25: Net Charge-offs
                                         
  Quarter ended 
 
  March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010  September 30, 2010  June 30, 2010  March 31, 2010 
 
  Net loan  % of  Net loan  % of  Net loan  % of  Net loan  % of  Net loan  % of 
  charge-  avg.  charge-  avg.  charge-  avg.  charge-  avg.  charge-  avg. 
($ in millions) offs  loans(1)  offs  loans (1)  offs  loans (1)  offs  loans (1)  offs  loans (1) 
 
 
Commercial:
                                        
Commercial and industrial
   $    354   0.96%   $    500   1.34%   $    509   1.38%   $    689   1.87%   $    650   1.68%
Real estate mortgage
  152   0.62   234   0.94   218   0.87   360   1.47   271   1.12 
Real estate construction
  83   1.38   171   2.51   276   3.72   238   2.90   394   4.45 
Lease financing
  6   0.18   21   0.61   23   0.71   27   0.78   29   0.85 
Foreign
  28   0.34   28   0.36   39   0.52   42   0.57   36   0.52 
                             
 
Total commercial
  623   0.79   954   1.19   1,065   1.33   1,356   1.69   1,380   1.68 
                             
 
Consumer:
                                        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  904   1.60   1,024   1.77   1,034   1.78   1,009   1.70   1,311   2.17 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  994   4.25   1,005   4.08   1,085   4.30   1,184   4.62   1,449   5.56 
Credit card
  382   7.21   452   8.21   504   9.06   579   10.45   643   11.17 
Other revolving credit and installment
  307   1.42   404   1.84   407   1.83   361   1.64   547   2.45 
                             
 
Total consumer
  2,587   2.42   2,885   2.63   3,030   2.72   3,133   2.79   3,950   3.45 
                             
 
Total
   $3,210   1.73%   $    3,839   2.02%   $    4,095   2.14%   $    4,489   2.33%   $    5,330   2.71%
                             
 
 
(1) Quarterly net charge-offs as a percentage of average respective loans are annualized.

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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

     Table 25 presents net charge-offs for first quarter 2011 and each of the four quarters of 2010. Net charge-offs in first quarter 2011 were $3.2 billion (1.73% of average total loans outstanding) compared with $5.3 billion (2.71%) in first quarter 2010.
     Net charge-offs in the 1-4 family first mortgage portfolio totaled $904 million in first quarter 2011. Our 1-4 family first mortgage portfolio continued to reflect relatively low loss rates, although until housing prices fully stabilize, these credit losses will continue to remain elevated.
     Net charge-offs in the real estate 1-4 family junior lien portfolio were $994 million in first quarter 2011. More information about the Home Equity portfolio, which includes substantially all of our real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage loans, is available in Table 19 in this Report and the related discussion.
     Credit card net charge-offs of $382 million in first quarter 2011 decreased $261 million from a year ago.
     Commercial and CRE net charge-offs were $623 million in first quarter 2011 compared with $1.4 billion a year ago. Commercial business line credit results continued to improve from first quarter 2010 as market liquidity and improving market conditions helped stabilize performance results. Increased lending activity in first quarter 2011 in the majority of our commercial business lines further supported our belief of a turn in the demand for credit.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The allowance for credit losses, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments, is management’s estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and unfunded credit commitments at the balance sheet date, excluding loans carried at fair value. The detail of the changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment (including charge-offs and recoveries by loan class) is in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     We employ a disciplined process and methodology to establish our allowance for credit losses each quarter. This process takes into consideration many factors, including historical and forecasted loss trends, loan-level credit quality ratings and loan grade-specific loss factors. The process involves subjective as well as complex judgments. In addition, we review a variety of credit metrics and trends. However, these trends do not solely determine the adequacy of the allowance as we use several analytical tools in determining its adequacy. For additional information on our allowance for credit losses, see the “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” section in our 2010 Form 10-K and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     At March 31, 2011, the allowance for loan losses totaled $22.0 billion (2.93% of total loans), compared with $23.0 billion (3.04%), at December 31, 2010. The allowance for credit losses was $22.4 billion (2.98% of total loans) at March 31, 2011, and $23.5 billion (3.10%) at December 31, 2010. The allowance for credit losses included $257 million at March 31, 2011, and $298 million at December 31, 2010, related to PCI loans acquired from Wachovia. The allowance for unfunded credit commitments was $400 million at March 31, 2011, and $441 million at December 31, 2010. In addition to the allowance for credit losses, at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, there was $12.9 billion and $13.4 billion, respectively, of nonaccretable difference to absorb losses for PCI loans. For additional information on PCI loans, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total nonaccrual loans was 90% at March 31, 2011, and 89% at December 31, 2010. This ratio may fluctuate significantly from period to period due to such factors as the mix of loan types in the portfolio, borrower credit strength and the value and marketability of collateral. Over half of nonaccrual loans were home mortgages, auto and other consumer loans at March 31, 2011.
     The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to annualized net charge-offs was 169% at March 31, 2011, and 130% at December 31, 2010. The $1.0 billion decline in the allowance for loan losses in first quarter 2011 reflected continued improvement in delinquencies and portfolio performance primarily in consumer portfolios. As a result of significant levels of previous charge-offs, the loan portfolio at March 31, 2011, consisted of higher percentages of more recent vintage loans subjected to tightened underwriting standards.
     Total provision for credit losses was $2.2 billion in first quarter 2011, compared with $5.3 billion a year ago. The first quarter 2011 provision was $1.0 billion less than net charge-offs, compared with a provision that equaled net charge-offs in first quarter 2010. Absent significant deterioration in the economy, we expect future allowance releases.
     In determining the appropriate allowance attributable to our residential real estate portfolios, the loss rates used in our analysis include the impact of our established loan modification programs. When modifications occur or are probable to occur, our allowance considers the impact of these modifications, taking into consideration the associated credit cost, including re-defaults of modified loans and projected loss severity. The loss content associated with existing and probable loan modifications has been considered in our allowance methodology.
     Changes in the allowance reflect changes in statistically derived loss estimates, historical loss experience, current trends in borrower risk and/or general economic activity on portfolio performance, and management’s estimate for imprecision and uncertainty.


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     We believe the allowance for credit losses of $22.4 billion was adequate to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments, at March 31, 2011. The allowance for credit losses is subject to change and considers existing factors at the time, including economic or market conditions and ongoing internal and external examination processes. Due to the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in the economic environment, it is possible that unanticipated economic deterioration would create incremental credit losses not anticipated as of the balance sheet date. Our process for determining the allowance for credit losses is discussed in the “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” section in our 2010 Form 10-K and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to the Financial Statements in this Report.
      


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

LIABILITY FOR MORTGAGE LOAN REPURCHASE LOSSES We sell residential mortgage loans to various parties, including (1) Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae (GSEs) who include the mortgage loans in GSE-guaranteed mortgage securitizations, (2) special purpose entities (SPEs) that issue private label mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and (3) other financial institutions that purchase mortgage loans for investment or private label securitization. In addition, we pool FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed mortgage loans that back securities guaranteed by GNMA. We may be required to repurchase these mortgage loans, indemnify the securitization trust, investor or insurer, or reimburse the securitization trust, investor or insurer for credit losses incurred on loans (collectively “repurchase”) in the event of a breach of contractual representations or warranties that is not remedied within a period (usually 90 days or less) after we receive notice of the breach. For further detail see our 2010 Form 10-K.
     We have established a mortgage repurchase liability related to various representations and warranties that reflect management’s estimate of losses for loans for which we could have a repurchase obligation, whether or not we currently service those loans, based on a combination of factors. Currently, repurchase demands primarily relate to 2006 through 2008 vintages and to GSE-guaranteed MBS.
     During first quarter 2011, we observed a decline in our level of repurchases and losses as we continued to work through the remaining risk associated with the 2006 through 2008 vintages. We repurchased or reimbursed investors for incurred losses on mortgage loans with original balances of $805 million. We incurred net losses on repurchased loans and investor reimbursements totaling $331 million in first quarter 2011.
     Table 26 provides the number of unresolved repurchase demands and mortgage insurance rescissions. We generally do not have unresolved repurchase demands from the FHA or VA for loans in GNMA-guaranteed securities because those demands are relatively few and we quickly resolve them.


Table 26: Unresolved Repurchase Demands and Mortgage Insurance Rescissions
                                 
  Government          Mortgage insurance    
  sponsored entities (1)  Private  rescissions with no demand (2)  Total 
 
    
  Number of  Original loan  Number of  Original loan  Number of  Original loan  Number of  Original loan 
($ in millions) loans  balance (3)  loans  balance (3)  loans  balance (3)  loans  balance (3) 
 
 
                                
March 31, 2011
  6,210  $1,395   1,973  $424   2,885  $674   11,068  $2,493 
 
                                
2010
                                
December 31,
  6,501   1,467   2,899   680   3,248   801   12,648   2,948 
September 30,
  9,887   2,212   3,605   882   3,035   748   16,527   3,842 
June 30,
  12,536   2,840   3,160   707   2,979   760   18,675   4,307 
March 31,
  10,804   2,499   2,320   519   2,843   737   15,967   3,755 
 
                                
December 31, 2009
  8,354   1,911   2,929   886   2,965   859   14,248   3,656 
 
(1) Includes repurchase demands of 685 and $132 million, 1,495 and $291 million, 2,263 and $437 million, 2,141 and $417 million, and 1,824 and $372 million, for March 31, 2011, and December 31, September 30, June 30, and March 31, 2010, respectively, received from investors on mortgage servicing rights acquired from other originators. We generally have the right of recourse against the seller and may be able to recover losses related to such repurchase demands subject to counterparty risk associated with the seller.
 
(2) As part of our representations and warranties in our loan sales contracts, we represent that certain loans have mortgage insurance. To the extent the mortgage insurance is rescinded by the mortgage insurer, the lack of insurance may result in a repurchase demand from an investor. Similar to repurchase demands, we evaluate mortgage insurance rescission notices for validity and appeal for reinstatement if the rescission was not based on a contractual breach.
 
(3) While original loan balance related to these demands is presented above, the establishment of the repurchase reserve is based on a combination of factors, such as our appeals success rates, reimbursement by correspondent and other third party originators, and projected loss severity, which is driven by the difference between the current loan balance and the estimated collateral value less costs to sell the property.

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     The level of repurchase demands outstanding at March 31, 2011, was generally down from a year ago in both number of outstanding loans and in total dollar balances as we continued to work through the demands. Customary with industry practice, we have the right of recourse against correspondent lenders from whom we have purchased loans with respect to representations and warranties. Of the repurchase demands presented in Table 26, approximately 20% relate to loans purchased from correspondent lenders. Due primarily to the financial difficulties of some correspondent lenders, we typically recover on average approximately 50% of losses from these lenders. Historical recovery rates as well as projected lender performance are incorporated in the establishment of our mortgage repurchase liability.
     Our liability for repurchases, included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” in our consolidated financial statements, was $1.2 billion at March 31, 2011, and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2010. In the quarter ended March 31, 2011, $249 million of additions to the liability were recorded, which reduced net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities. Our additions to the repurchase liability in the quarter ended March 31, 2011, reflect updated assumptions about the repurchase rate on outstanding demands, particularly on the 2006-2008 vintages.
     We believe we have a high quality residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio. Of the $1.8 trillion in the residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio at March 31, 2011, 93% was current, less than 2% was subprime at origination, and approximately 1% was home equity securitizations. Our combined delinquency and foreclosure rate on this portfolio was 7.22% at March 31, 2011, compared with 8.02% at December 31, 2010. In this portfolio 6% are private securitizations where we originated the loan and therefore have some repurchase risk. For this private securitization segment of our residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio, 58% are loans from 2005 vintages or earlier (weighted average age of 66 months); 80% were prime at origination; and approximately 70% are jumbo loans. The weighted-average LTV as of March 31, 2011, for this private securitization segment was 77%. We believe the highest risk segment of these private securitizations are the subprime loans originated in 2006 and 2007. These subprime loans have seller representations and warranties and currently have LTVs close to or exceeding 100%, and represent 8% of the 6% private securitization portion of the residential mortgage servicing portfolio. We had only $21 million of repurchases related to private securitizations in first quarter 2011. Of the servicing portfolio, 4% is non-agency acquired servicing and 3% is private whole loan sales. We did not underwrite and securitize the non-agency acquired servicing and therefore we have no obligation on that portion of our servicing portfolio to the investor for any repurchase demands arising from origination practices.
     Table 27 summarizes the changes in our mortgage repurchase liability.


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)
Table 27: Changes in Mortgage Repurchase Liability
                     
  Quarter ended 
 
    
  Mar. 31 , Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 $1,289   1,331   1,375   1,263   1,033 
Provision for repurchase losses:
                    
Loan sales
  35   35   29   36   44 
Change in estimate – primarily due to credit deterioration
  214   429   341   346   358 
 
 
Total additions
  249   464   370   382   402 
Losses
  (331)  (506)  (414)  (270)  (172)
 
 
Balance, end of period
 $1,207   1,289   1,331   1,375   1,263 
 

     The mortgage repurchase liability of $1.2 billion at March 31, 2011, represents our best estimate of the probable loss that we may incur for various representations and warranties in the contractual provisions of our sales of mortgage loans. A range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the estimated liability may exist, but cannot be estimated with confidence. Because the level of mortgage loan repurchase losses depends upon economic factors, investor demand strategies and other external conditions that may change over the life of the underlying loans, the level of the liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses is difficult to estimate and requires considerable management judgment. We maintain regular contact with the GSEs and other significant investors to monitor and address their repurchase demand practices and concerns. For additional information on our repurchase liability, see the “Critical Accounting Policies – Liability for Mortgage Loan Repurchase Losses” section in our 2010 Form 10-K and Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     The repurchase liability is primarily applicable to loans we originated and sold with representations and warranties. Most of these loans are included in our servicing portfolio. Our repurchase liability estimate considers many factors that influence the key assumptions of what our repurchase volume may be and what loss on average we may incur. Those key assumptions and the sensitivity of the liability to immediate adverse changes in them at March 31, 2011, are presented in Table 28.


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Table 28: Mortgage Repurchase Liability – Sensitivity/Assumptions 
     
  Mortgage 
  repurchase 
(in millions) liability 
  
Balance at March 31, 2011
 $1,207 
 
    
Loss on repurchases (1)
  39.0  %
Increase in liability from:
    
10% higher losses
 $114 
25% higher losses
  285 
 
    
Repurchase rate assumption
  0.3  %
Increase in liability from:
    
10% higher repurchase rates
 $109 
25% higher repurchase rates
  273 
 
    
  
(1) Represents total estimated average loss rate on repurchased loans, net of recovery from third party originators, based on historical experience and current economic conditions. The average loss rate includes the impact of repurchased loans for which no loss is expected to be realized.
     To the extent that economic conditions and the housing market do not recover or future investor repurchase demands and appeals success rates differ from past experience, we could continue to have increased demands and increased loss severity on repurchases, causing future additions to the repurchase liability. However, some of the underwriting standards that were permitted by the GSEs for conforming loans in the 2006 through 2008 vintages, which significantly contributed to recent levels of repurchase demands, were tightened starting in mid to late 2008. Accordingly, we do not expect a similar rate of repurchase requests from the 2009 and prospective vintages, absent deterioration in economic conditions or changes in investor behavior.
RISKS RELATING TO SERVICING ACTIVITIES In addition to servicing loans in our portfolio, we act as servicer and/or master servicer of residential mortgage loans included in GSE-guaranteed mortgage securitizations, GNMA-guaranteed mortgage securitizations and private label mortgage securitizations, as well as for unsecuritized loans owned by institutional investors. The loans we service were originated by us or by other mortgage loan originators. As servicer, our primary duties are typically to (1) collect payment due from borrowers, (2) advance certain delinquent payments of principal and interest, (3) maintain and administer any hazard, title or primary mortgage insurance policies relating to the mortgage loans, (4) maintain any required escrow accounts for payment of taxes and insurance and administer escrow payments, and (5) foreclose on defaulted mortgage loans or, to the extent consistent with the documents governing a securitization, consider alternatives to foreclosure, such as loan modifications or short sales. As master servicer, our primary duties are typically to (1) supervise, monitor and oversee the servicing of the mortgage loans by the servicer, (2) consult with each servicer and use reasonable efforts to cause the servicer to observe its servicing obligations, (3) prepare monthly distribution statements to security holders and, if required by the securitization documents, certain periodic reports required to be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), (4) if required by the securitization documents, calculate distributions and loss allocations on the mortgage-backed securities, (5) prepare tax and information returns of the securitization trust, and (6) advance amounts required by non-affiliated servicers who fail to perform their advancing obligations.
     Each agreement under which we act as servicer or master servicer generally specifies a standard of responsibility for actions we take in such capacity and provides protection against expenses and liabilities we incur when acting in compliance with the specified standard. For example, most private label securitization agreements under which we act as servicer or master servicer typically provide that the servicer and the master servicer are entitled to indemnification by the securitization trust for taking action or refraining from taking action in good faith or for errors in judgment. However, we are not indemnified, but rather are required to indemnify the securitization trustee, against any failure by us, as servicer or master servicer, to perform our servicing obligations or any of our acts or omissions that involve wilful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of, or reckless disregard of, our duties. In addition, if we commit a material breach of our obligations as servicer or master servicer, we may be subject to termination if the breach is not cured within a specified period following notice, which can generally be given by the securitization trustee or a specified percentage of security holders. Whole loan sale contracts under which we act as servicer generally include similar provisions with respect to our actions as servicer. The standards governing servicing in GSE-guaranteed securitizations, and the possible remedies for violations of such standards, vary, and those standards and remedies are determined by servicing guides maintained by the GSEs, contracts between the GSEs and individual servicers and topical guides published by the GSEs from time to time. Such remedies could include indemnification or repurchase of an affected mortgage loan.
     For additional information regarding risks relating to our servicing activities, see pages 75-76 in our 2010 Form 10-K.
     The FRB and OCC completed a joint interagency horizontal examination of foreclosure processing at large mortgage servicers, including Wells Fargo, to evaluate the adequacy of their controls and governance over bank foreclosure processes, including compliance with applicable federal and state law. The OCC and other federal banking regulators published this review on April 13, 2011. We have entered into consent orders with the OCC and FRB, both of which were made public on April 13, 2011. These orders incorporate remedial requirements for identified deficiencies; however civil money penalties have not been assessed at this time. We have been working with our regulators for an extended period on servicing improvements and have already instituted enhancements. For additional information, see the discussion of mortgage-related regulatory investigations in Note 11 (Legal Actions) to Financial Statements in this Report. Changes in servicing and foreclosure practices will increase the Company’s costs of servicing mortgage loans. As part of our quarterly MSR valuation process, we assess changes in servicing and foreclosure costs, which in first quarter 2011,


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Risk Management – Credit Risk Management (continued)

included the estimated impact from the regulatory consent orders.
Asset/Liability Management
Asset/liability management involves the evaluation, monitoring and management of interest rate risk, market risk, liquidity and funding. The Corporate Asset/Liability Management Committee (Corporate ALCO), which oversees these risks and reports periodically to the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors (Board), consists of senior financial and business executives. Each of our principal business groups has its own asset/liability management committee and process linked to the Corporate ALCO process.
INTEREST RATE RISK Interest rate risk, which potentially can have a significant earnings impact, is an integral part of being a financial intermediary. We assess interest rate risk by comparing our most likely earnings plan with various earnings simulations using many interest rate scenarios that differ in the direction of interest rate changes, the degree of change over time, the speed of change and the projected shape of the yield curve. For example, as of March 31, 2011, our most recent simulation indicated estimated earnings at risk of less than 1% of our most likely earnings plan over the next 12 months using a scenario in which the federal funds rate rises to 4.25% and the 10-year Constant Maturity Treasury bond yield rises to 5.55%. Simulation estimates depend on, and will change with, the size and mix of our actual and projected balance sheet at the time of each simulation. Due to timing differences between the quarterly valuation of MSRs and the eventual impact of interest rates on mortgage banking volumes, earnings at risk in any particular quarter could be higher than the average earnings at risk over the 12-month simulation period, depending on the path of interest rates and on our hedging strategies for MSRs. See the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section in this Report for more information.
     We use exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) interest rate derivatives to hedge our interest rate exposures. The notional or contractual amount, credit risk amount and estimated net fair value of these derivatives as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, are presented in Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report.
     For additional information regarding interest rate risk, see page 76 of our 2010 Form 10-K.
MORTGAGE BANKING INTEREST RATE AND MARKET RISK We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subjects us to various risks, including credit, liquidity and interest rate risks. For a discussion of mortgage banking interest rate and market risk, see pages 76-78 of our 2010 Form 10-K.
     While our hedging activities are designed to balance our mortgage banking interest rate risks, the financial instruments we use may not perfectly correlate with the values and income being hedged. For example, the change in the value of ARM production held for sale from changes in mortgage interest rates may or may not be fully offset by Treasury and LIBOR index-based financial instruments used as economic hedges for such ARMs. Additionally, the hedge-carry income we earn on our
economic hedges for the MSRs may not continue if the spread between short-term and long-term rates decreases, we shift composition of the hedge to more interest rate swaps, or there are other changes in the market for mortgage forwards that affect the implied carry.
     The total carrying value of our residential and commercial MSRs was $17.1 billion at March 31, 2011, and $15.9 billion at December 31, 2010. The weighted-average note rate on our portfolio of loans serviced for others was 5.31% at March 31, 2011, and 5.39% at December 31, 2010. Our total MSRs were 0.92% of mortgage loans serviced for others at March 31, 2011, compared with 0.86% at December 31, 2010.
MARKET RISK – TRADING ACTIVITIES From a market risk perspective, our net income is exposed to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices and their implied volatilities. The credit risk amount and estimated net fair value of all customer accommodation derivatives are included in Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report. Trading positions and market risk exposure are monitored by the Market Risk Committee and Corporate ALCO.
     The standardized approach for monitoring and reporting market risk for the trading activities consists of value-at-risk (VaR) metrics complemented with sensitivity analysis and stress testing. VaR measures the worst expected loss over a given time interval and within a given confidence interval. We measure and report daily VaR at a 99% confidence interval based on actual changes in rates and prices over the past 250 trading days. The analysis captures all financial instruments that are considered trading positions. The average one-day VaR throughout first quarter 2011 was $25 million, with a lower bound of $19 million and an upper bound of $32 million. For additional information regarding market risk related to trading activities, see pages 78-79 of our 2010 Form 10-K.
MARKET RISK – EQUITY MARKETS We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in the equity markets. For additional information regarding market risk related to equity markets, see page 79 of our 2010 Form 10-K.
     Table 29 provides information regarding our marketable and nonmarketable equity investments.


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Table 29: Marketable and Nonmarketable Equity Investments
         
   Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
Nonmarketable equity investments:
        
Private equity investments:
        
Cost method
 $3,117   3,240 
Equity method
  7,692   7,624 
Federal bank stock
  5,129   5,254 
Principal investments
  302   305 
 
 
Total nonmarketable
equity investments (1)
 $16,240   16,423 
 
 
        
Marketable equity securities:
        
Cost
 $3,883   4,258 
Net unrealized gains
  1,125   931 
 
 
Total marketable
equity securities (2)
 $5,008   5,189 
 
(1) Included in other assets on the balance sheet. See Note 6 (Other Assets) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
 
(2) Included in securities available for sale. See Note 4 (Securities Available for Sale) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
      


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Risk Management – Asset/Liability Management (continued)

LIQUIDITY AND FUNDING The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that we can meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities/withdrawals and other cash commitments efficiently under both normal operating conditions and under unpredictable circumstances of industry or market stress. To achieve this objective, the Corporate ALCO establishes and monitors liquidity guidelines that require sufficient asset-based liquidity to cover potential funding requirements and to avoid over-dependence on volatile, less reliable funding markets. We set these guidelines for both the consolidated balance sheet and for the Parent to ensure that the Parent is a source of strength for its regulated, deposit-taking banking subsidiaries.
     Unencumbered debt and equity securities in the securities available-for-sale portfolio provide asset liquidity, in addition to the immediately liquid resources of cash and due from banks
and federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments. Asset liquidity is further enhanced by our ability to sell or securitize loans in secondary markets and to pledge loans to access secured borrowing facilities through the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB) and the FRB.
     Core customer deposits have historically provided a sizeable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds. Average core deposits funded 64.2% and 61.9% of average total assets in first quarter 2011 and 2010, respectively.
     Additional funding is provided by long-term debt (including trust preferred securities), other foreign deposits, and short-term borrowings.
     Table 30 shows selected information for short-term borrowings, which generally mature in less than 30 days.


Table 30: Short-Term Borrowings
                     
  Quarter ended
 
    
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010  2010  2010  2010 
 
 
Balance, period end
                    
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings
 $17,228   17,454   16,856   16,604   17,646 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
  37,509   37,947   33,859   28,583   28,687 
 
 
Total
 $54,737   55,401   50,715   45,187   46,333 
 
 
Average daily balance for period
                    
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings
 $17,005   16,370   15,761   16,316   16,885 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
  37,746   34,239   30,707   28,766   28,196 
 
 
Total
 $54,751   50,609   46,468   45,082   45,081 
 
 
Maximum month-end balance for period
                    
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings (1)
 $17,597   17,454   16,856   17,388   17,646 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (2)
  37,509   37,947   33,859   28,807   29,270 
 
 
(1) Highest month-end balance in each of the last five quarters was in February 2011, and December, September, April and March 2010.
 
(2) Highest month-end balance in each of the last five quarters was in March 2011, and December, September, May and February 2010.

     Liquidity is also available through our ability to raise funds in a variety of domestic and international money and capital markets. We access capital markets for long-term funding through issuances of registered debt securities, private placements and asset-backed secured funding. Investors in the long-term capital markets generally will consider, among other factors, a company’s debt rating in making investment decisions. Rating agencies base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, the level and quality of earnings, and rating agency assumptions regarding the probability and extent of Federal financial assistance or support for certain large financial institutions. Adverse changes in these factors could result in a reduction of our credit rating; however, a reduction in credit rating would not cause us to violate any of our debt covenants. See the “Risk Factors” section in our 2010 Form 10-K for additional information regarding recent legislative developments and our credit ratings.
     We continue to evaluate the potential impact on liquidity management of regulatory proposals, including Basel III and
those required under the Dodd-Frank Act, throughout the rule-making process.
Parent Under SEC rules, the Parent is classified as a “well-known seasoned issuer,” which allows it to file a registration statement that does not have a limit on issuance capacity. In June 2009, the Parent filed a registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of senior and subordinated notes, preferred stock and other securities. The Parent’s ability to issue debt and other securities under this registration statement is limited by the debt issuance authority granted by the Board. The Parent is currently authorized by the Board to issue $60 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $170 billion in outstanding long-term debt. During first quarter 2011, the Parent issued $5.7 billion in registered senior notes. The Parent also took several actions related to Wachovia’s 2006 issuance of 5.80% fixed-to-floating rate trust preferred securities. In February 2011, the Parent remarketed $2.5 billion of junior subordinated notes owned by an unconsolidated, wholly-owned trust. The purchasers of the junior subordinated notes exchanged them


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with the Parent for newly issued senior notes, which are included in the Parent issuances described above. Proceeds of the remarketed junior subordinated securities were used by the trust to purchase $2.5 billion of Class A, Series I Preferred Stock issued by the Parent.
     Parent’s proceeds from securities issued in first quarter 2011 were used for general corporate purposes, and we expect that the proceeds from securities issued in the future will also be used for the same purposes.
     Table 31 provides information regarding the Parent’s medium-term note (MTN) programs. The Parent may issue senior and subordinated debt securities under Series I & J, and the European and Australian programmes. Under Series K, the Parent may issue senior debt securities linked to one or more indices.
Table 31: Medium-Term Note (MTN) Programs
             
      March 31, 2011
      Debt Available
  Date  issuance for
(in billions) established  authority issuance
 
 
MTN program:
            
Series I & J (1)
 August 2009  $25.0   18.8 
Series K (1)
 April 2010   25.0   24.5 
European (2)
 December 2009   25.0   25.0 
Australian (2)(3)
 June 2005 AUS$10.0   6.8 
 
 
(1) SEC registered.
 
(2) Not registered with the SEC. May not be offered in the United States without applicable exemptions from registration.
 
(3) As amended in October 2005 and March 2010.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is authorized by its board of directors to issue $100 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $125 billion in outstanding long-term debt. In December 2007, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. established a $100 billion bank note program under which, subject to any other debt outstanding under the limits described above, it may issue $50 billion in outstanding short-term senior notes and $50 billion in long-term senior or subordinated notes. At March 31, 2011, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. had remaining issuance capacity on the bank note program of $50 billion in short-term senior notes and $50 billion in long-term senior or subordinated notes. Securities are issued under this program as private placements in accordance with OCC regulations.
Wells Fargo Financial Canada Corporation In January 2010, Wells Fargo Financial Canada Corporation (WFFCC), an indirect wholly owned Canadian subsidiary of the Parent, qualified with the Canadian provincial securities commissions CAD$7.0 billion in medium-term notes for distribution from time to time in Canada. During first quarter 2011, WFFCC issued CAD$500 million in medium-term notes. At March 31,2011, CAD$6.5 billion remained available for future issuance. All medium-term notes issued by WFFCC are unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK MEMBERSHIP We are a member of the Federal Home Loan Banks based in Dallas, Des Moines and San Francisco (collectively, the FHLBs). Each member of each of the FHLBs is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock of the applicable FHLB. The board of directors of each FHLB can increase the minimum investment requirements in the event it has concluded that additional capital is required to allow it to meet its own regulatory capital requirements. Any increase in the minimum investment requirements outside of specified ranges requires the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Board. Because the extent of any obligation to increase our investment in any of the FHLBs depends entirely upon the occurrence of a future event, potential future payments to the FHLBs are not determinable.


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Capital Management

We have an active program for managing stockholders’ equity and regulatory capital and we maintain a comprehensive process for assessing the Company’s overall capital adequacy. We generate capital internally primarily through the retention of earnings net of dividends. Our objective is to maintain capital levels at the Company and its bank subsidiaries above the regulatory “well-capitalized” thresholds by an amount commensurate with our risk profile and risk tolerance objectives. Our potential sources of stockholders’ equity include retained earnings and issuances of common and preferred stock. Retained earnings increased $2.9 billion from December 31, 2010, predominantly from Wells Fargo net income of $3.8 billion, less common and preferred dividends of $822 million. During first quarter 2011, we issued approximately 40 million shares of common stock, with net proceeds of $634 million.
     On March 18, 2011, the Company was notified by the FRB that it did not object to the capital plan the Company submitted on January 7, 2011, as part of the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR). Following that notification, the Company initiated several capital actions contemplated in its capital plan, including increasing the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.12 a share, authorizing the repurchase of an additional 200 million shares of our common stock, and issuing notice to call $3.2 billion of trust preferred securities that will no longer count as Tier 1 capital under the Dodd-Frank Act and the proposed Basel III capital standards. The Company will participate in any future CCAR activities to demonstrate that proposed capital actions are consistent with the existing supervisory guidance, including demonstrating that our internal capital assessment process is consistent with the complexity of our activities and risk profile.
     From time to time the Board authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of our common stock. Although we announce when the Board authorizes share repurchases (including the authorization announced on March 18, 2011), we typically do not give any public notice before we repurchase our shares. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our share repurchases, including our capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue for acquisitions and employee benefit plans, market conditions (including the trading price of our stock), and regulatory and legal considerations.
     In 2008, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to 25 million additional shares of our outstanding common stock. In first quarter 2011, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional 200 million shares. During first quarter 2011, we repurchased 1.7 million shares of our common stock, all from our employee benefit plans. At March 31, 2011, the remaining common stock repurchase authority from the 2008 and 2011 authorizations was approximately 201 million shares. For more information about share repurchases during first quarter 2011, see Part II, Item 2 of this Report.
     Historically, our policy has been to repurchase shares under the “safe harbor” conditions of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 including a limitation on the daily volume of repurchases. Rule 10b-18 imposes an additional daily volume limitation on share repurchases during a pending merger or acquisition in which shares of our stock will constitute some or all of the consideration. Our management may determine that during a pending stock merger or acquisition when the safe harbor would otherwise be available, it is in our best interest to repurchase shares in excess of this additional daily volume limitation. In such cases, we intend to repurchase shares in compliance with the other conditions of the safe harbor, including the standing daily volume limitation that applies whether or not there is a pending stock merger or acquisition.
     In connection with our participation in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) Capital Purchase Program (CPP), we issued to the U.S. Treasury Department warrants to purchase 110,261,688 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $34.01 per share expiring on October 28, 2018. The Board has authorized the repurchase by the Company of up to $1 billion of the warrants. On May 26, 2010, in an auction by the U.S. Treasury, we purchased 70,165,963 of the warrants at a price of $7.70 per warrant. We have purchased an additional 651,244 warrants since the U.S. Treasury auction; however, no purchases were made during first quarter 2011. At March 31, 2011, there were 39,444,481 warrants outstanding and exercisable and $455 million of unused warrant repurchase authority. Depending on market conditions, we may purchase from time to time additional warrants and/or our outstanding debt securities in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise.
     Subsequent to the remarketing of certain junior subordinated notes issued in connection with Wachovia’s 2006 issuance of 5.80% fixed-to-floating rate trust preferred securities, the Company issued 25,010 shares of Class A, Series I Preferred Stock, with a par value of $2,501 million to Wachovia Capital Trust III (Trust), an unconsolidated wholly-owned trust. The action completed the Company’s and the Trust’s obligations under an agreement dated February 1, 2006, as amended, between the Trust and the Company (as successor to Wachovia Corporation). The Series I Preferred Stock replaces the trust preferred securities that will no longer count as Tier 1 capital under the Dodd-Frank Act.
     The Company and each of our subsidiary banks are subject to various regulatory capital adequacy requirements administered by the FRB and the OCC. Risk-based capital (RBC) guidelines establish a risk-adjusted ratio relating capital to different categories of assets and off-balance sheet exposures. At March 31, 2011, the Company and each of our subsidiary banks were “well-capitalized” under applicable regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. See Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
     Current regulatory RBC rules are based primarily on broad credit-risk considerations and limited market-related risks, but do not take into account other types of risk a financial company may be exposed to. Our capital adequacy assessment process


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Capital Management (continued)
contemplates a wide range of risks that the Company is exposed to and also takes into consideration our performance under a variety of stressed economic conditions, as well as regulatory expectations and guidance, rating agency viewpoints and the view of capital market participants.
     In July 2009, the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision published an additional set of international guidelines for review known as Basel III and finalized these guidelines in December 2010. The additional guidelines were developed in response to the financial crisis of 2009 and 2010 and address many of the weaknesses identified in the banking sector as contributing to the crisis including excessive leverage, inadequate and low quality capital and insufficient liquidity buffers. The U.S. regulatory bodies are reviewing the final international standards and final U.S. rulemaking is expected to be completed in 2011. Although uncertainty exists regarding the final rules, we evaluate the impact of Basel III on our capital ratios based on our interpretation of the proposed capital requirements and we estimate that our Tier 1 common equity ratio under the proposal exceeded the fully-phased in minimum of 7.0% by 20 basis points at the end of first quarter 2011. This estimate is subject to
change depending on final promulgation of Basel III capital rulemaking and interpretations thereof by regulatory authorities.
     We are well underway toward Basel II and Basel III implementation and are currently on schedule to enter the parallel run phase of Basel II in 2012 with regulatory approval. Our delayed entry into the parallel run phase was approved by the FRB in 2010 as a result of the acquisition of Wachovia.
     At March 31, 2011, stockholders’ equity and Tier 1 common equity levels were higher than the quarter ending prior to the Wachovia acquisition. During 2009, as regulators and the market focused on the composition of regulatory capital, the Tier 1 common equity ratio gained significant prominence as a metric of capital strength. There is no mandated minimum or “well-capitalized” standard for Tier 1 common equity; instead the RBC rules state voting common stockholders’ equity should be the dominant element within Tier 1 common equity. Tier 1 common equity was $86.0 billion at March 31, 2011, or 8.93% of risk-weighted assets, an increase of $4.7 billion from December 31, 2010. Table 32 provides the details of the Tier 1 common equity calculation.


Table 32: Tier 1 Common Equity (1)
           
    Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
(in billions)   2011  2010 
 
 
Total equity
   $134.9   127.9 
 
Noncontrolling interests
    (1.5)  (1.5)
 
 
Total Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity
    133.4   126.4 
 
 
Adjustments:
          
 
Preferred equity (2)
    (10.6)  (8.1)
 
Goodwill and intangible assets (other than MSRs)
    (35.1)  (35.5)
 
Applicable deferred taxes
    4.2   4.3 
 
MSRs over specified limitations
    (0.9)  (0.9)
 
Cumulative other comprehensive income
    (4.9)  (4.6)
 
Other
    (0.1)  (0.3)
 
 
Tier 1 common equity
 (A) $86.0   81.3 
 
 
Total risk-weighted assets (3)
 (B) $962.9   980.0 
 
 
Tier 1 common equity to total risk-weighted assets
 (A)/(B)  8.93 % 8.30 
 
(1) Tier 1 common equity is a non-generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) financial measure that is used by investors, analysts and bank regulatory agencies to assess the capital position of financial services companies. Tier 1 common equity includes total Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity, less preferred equity, goodwill and intangible assets (excluding MSRs), net of related deferred taxes, adjusted for specified Tier 1 regulatory capital limitations covering deferred taxes, MSRs, and cumulative other comprehensive income. Management reviews Tier 1 common equity along with other measures of capital as part of its financial analyses and has included this non-GAAP financial information, and the corresponding reconciliation to total equity, because of current interest in such information on the part of market participants.
 
(2) In March 2011, we issued $2.5 billion of Series I Preferred Stock to an unconsolidated wholly-owned trust.
 
(3) Under the regulatory guidelines for risk-based capital, on-balance sheet assets and credit equivalent amounts of derivatives and off-balance sheet items are assigned to one of several broad risk categories according to the obligor or, if relevant, the guarantor or the nature of any collateral. The aggregate dollar amount in each risk category is then multiplied by the risk weight associated with that category. The resulting weighted values from each of the risk categories are aggregated for determining total risk-weighted assets.

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Critical Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies (see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2010 Form 10-K) are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition because they require that we use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Six of these policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies govern:
 the allowance for credit losses;
 
 purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans;
 
 the valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs);
 
 liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses;
 
 the fair valuation of financial instruments; and
 
 income taxes.
     Management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and has discussed these policies with the Board’s Audit and Examination Committee. These policies are described further in the “Financial Review – Critical Accounting Policies” section and Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2010 Form 10-K.
      


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Current Accounting Developments

The following accounting pronouncement has been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) but is not yet effective:
 Accounting Standards Update (ASU or Update) 2011-02, A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring.
ASU 2011-02 provides guidance clarifying under what circumstances a creditor should classify a restructured receivable as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). A receivable is a TDR if both of the following exist: 1) a creditor has granted a concession to the debtor, and 2) the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. The Update clarifies that a creditor should consider all aspects of a restructuring when evaluating whether it has granted a concession, which include determining whether a debtor can obtain funds from another source at market rates and assessing the value of additional collateral and guarantees obtained at the time of restructuring. The Update also provides factors a creditor should consider when determining if a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, such as probability of payment default and bankruptcy declarations. The Update is effective for us in third quarter 2011 with retrospective application to January 1, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact these accounting changes may have on our consolidated financial statements.
      


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Forward-Looking Statements

This Report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “can” and similar references to future periods. Examples of forward-looking statements in this Report include, but are not limited to, statements we make about: (i) future results of the Company; (ii) future credit quality and expectations regarding future loan losses in our loan portfolios and life-of-loan estimates; the level and loss content of NPAs and nonaccrual loans; the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, including our current expectation of future reductions in the allowance for credit losses; and the reduction or mitigation of risk in our loan portfolios and the effects of loan modification programs; (iii) the merger integration of the Company and Wachovia, including merger costs, expense savings, revenue synergies and store conversions; (iv) our mortgage repurchase exposure and exposure relating to our foreclosure practices; (v) our current estimate of our effective tax rate for 2011; (vi) our estimated future expenses, including loan resolution costs; (vii) future capital levels and our expectations regarding our estimated Tier 1 common equity ratio under proposed Basel III capital standards; (viii) the expected outcome and impact of legal, regulatory and legislative developments, including Dodd-Frank Act and FRB restrictions on debit interchange fees; and (ix) the Company’s plans, objectives and strategies.
     Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. We caution you, therefore, against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation:
 current and future economic and market conditions, including the effects of further declines in housing prices and high unemployment rates;
 
 our capital and liquidity requirements (including under regulatory capital standards, such as the proposed Basel III capital standards, as determined and interpreted by applicable regulatory authorities) and our ability to generate capital internally or raise capital on favorable terms;
 
 financial services reform and other current, pending or future legislation or regulation that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses, including the Dodd-Frank Act and legislation and regulation relating to overdraft fees (and changes to our overdraft practices as a
  result thereof), debit card interchange fees, credit cards, and other bank services;
 
 legislative proposals to allow mortgage cram-downs in bankruptcy or require other loan modifications;
 
 the extent of our success in our loan modification efforts, as well as the effects of regulatory requirements or guidance regarding loan modifications or changes in such requirements or guidance;
 
 the amount of mortgage loan repurchase demands that we receive and our ability to satisfy any such demands without having to repurchase loans related thereto or otherwise indemnify or reimburse third parties, and the credit quality of or losses on such repurchased mortgage loans;
 
 negative effects relating to mortgage foreclosures, including changes in our procedures or practices and/or industry standards or practices, regulatory or judicial requirements, penalties or fines, increased costs, or delays or moratoriums on foreclosures;
 
 our ability to successfully integrate the Wachovia merger and realize all of the expected cost savings and other benefits and the effects of any delays or disruptions in systems conversions relating to the Wachovia integration;
 
 our ability to realize the efficiency initiatives to lower expenses when and in the amount expected;
 
 recognition of OTTI on securities held in our available-for-sale portfolio;
 
 the effect of changes in interest rates on our net interest margin and our mortgage originations, MSRs and MHFS;
 
 hedging gains or losses;
 
 disruptions in the capital markets and reduced investor demand for mortgage loans;
 
 our ability to sell more products to our customers;
 
 the effect of the economic recession on the demand for our products and services;
 
 the effect of the fall in stock market prices on our investment banking business and our fee income from our brokerage, asset and wealth management businesses;
 
 our election to provide support to our mutual funds for structured credit products they may hold;
 
 changes in the value of our venture capital investments;
 
 changes in our accounting policies or in accounting standards or in how accounting standards are to be applied or interpreted;
 
 mergers, acquisitions and divestitures;
 
 changes in the Company’s credit ratings and changes in the credit quality of the Company’s customers or counterparties;
 
 reputational damage from negative publicity, fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations and legal actions;
 
 the loss of checking and savings account deposits to other investments such as the stock market, and the resulting increase in our funding costs and impact on our net interest margin;
 
 fiscal and monetary policies of the FRB; and


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 the other risk factors and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in our 2010 Form 10-K and in this Report.
     In addition to the above factors, we also caution that there is no assurance that our allowance for credit losses will be adequate to cover future credit losses, especially if credit markets, housing prices and unemployment do not continue to stabilize or improve. Increases in loan charge-offs or in the allowance for
credit losses and related provision expense could materially adversely affect our financial results and condition.
     Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Report speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.


Risk Factors

An investment in the Company involves risk, including the possibility that the value of the investment could fall substantially and that dividends or other distributions on the investment could be reduced or eliminated. We discuss previously under “Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Report, as well as in other documents we file with the SEC, risk factors that could adversely affect our financial results and condition and the value of, and return on, an investment in the Company. We refer you to the Financial Review section and Financial Statements (and related Notes) in this Report for more information about credit, interest rate, market, and litigation risks and to the “Risk Factors” and “Regulation and Supervision” sections in our 2010 Form 10-K for more information about risks. Any factor described in this Report or in our 2010 Form 10-K could by itself, or together with other factors, adversely affect our financial results and condition, or the value of an investment in the Company. There are factors not discussed in this Report or in our 2010 Form 10-K that could adversely affect our financial results and condition.
 


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Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by SEC rules, the Company’s management evaluated the effectiveness, as of March 31, 2011, of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer participated in the evaluation. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2011.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and includes those policies and procedures that:
 pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;
 
 provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
 
 provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
     Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. No change occurred during first quarter 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited)
         
 Quarter ended March 31, 
 
(in millions, except per share amounts) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Interest income
        
Trading assets
 $350   267 
Securities available for sale
  2,164   2,415 
Mortgages held for sale
  437   387 
Loans held for sale
  12   34 
Loans
  9,387   10,038 
Other interest income
  122   84 
 
 
        
Total interest income
  12,472   13,225 
 
 
        
Interest expense
        
Deposits
  615   735 
Short-term borrowings
  26   18 
Long-term debt
  1,104   1,276 
Other interest expense
  76   49 
 
 
        
Total interest expense
  1,821   2,078 
 
 
        
Net interest income
  10,651   11,147 
Provision for credit losses
  2,210   5,330 
 
 
        
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
  8,441   5,817 
 
 
        
Noninterest income
        
Service charges on deposit accounts
  1,012   1,332 
Trust and investment fees
  2,916   2,669 
Card fees
  957   865 
Other fees
  989   941 
Mortgage banking
  2,016   2,470 
Insurance
  503   621 
Net gains from trading activities
  612   537 
Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale (1)
  (166)  28 
Net gains from equity investments (2)
  353   43 
Operating leases
  77   185 
Other
  409   610 
 
 
        
Total noninterest income
  9,678   10,301 
 
 
        
Noninterest expense
        
Salaries
  3,454   3,314 
Commission and incentive compensation
  2,347   1,992 
Employee benefits
  1,392   1,322 
Equipment
  632   678 
Net occupancy
  752   796 
Core deposit and other intangibles
  483   549 
FDIC and other deposit assessments
  305   301 
Other
  3,368   3,165 
 
 
        
Total noninterest expense
  12,733   12,117 
 
 
        
Income before income tax expense
  5,386   4,001 
Income tax expense
  1,572   1,401 
 
 
        
Net income before noncontrolling interests
  3,814   2,600 
Less: Net income from noncontrolling interests
  55   53 
 
 
        
Wells Fargo net income
 $3,759   2,547 
 
 
        
Less: Preferred stock dividends and other
  189   175 
 
 
        
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock
 $3,570   2,372 
 
 
        
Per share information
        
Earnings per common share
 $0.68   0.46 
Diluted earnings per common share
  0.67   0.45 
Dividends declared per common share
  0.12   0.05 
Average common shares outstanding
  5,278.8   5,190.4 
Diluted average common shares outstanding
  5,333.1   5,225.2 
 
(1) Includes other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) credit-related losses of $80 million and $92 million recognized in earnings for the quarters ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Total OTTI losses (gains) were $(76) million and $154 million, net of $(156) million and $62 million recognized as non-credit related OTTI in other comprehensive income) for the quarters ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
(2) Includes OTTI losses of $41 million and $105 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)
         
  Mar. 31,   Dec. 31, 
 
(in millions, except shares) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Assets
        
Cash and due from banks
 $16,978   16,044 
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
  93,041   80,637 
Trading assets
  57,890   51,414 
Securities available for sale
  167,906   172,654 
Mortgages held for sale (includes $28,931 and $47,531 carried at fair value)
  33,121   51,763 
Loans held for sale (includes $1,003 and $873 carried at fair value)
  1,428   1,290 
 
        
Loans (includes $98 and $309 carried at fair value)
  751,155   757,267 
Allowance for loan losses
  (21,983)  (23,022)
 
 
        
Net loans
  729,172   734,245 
 
 
        
Mortgage servicing rights:
        
Measured at fair value
  15,648   14,467 
Amortized
  1,423   1,419 
Premises and equipment, net
  9,545   9,644 
Goodwill
  24,777   24,770 
Other assets
  93,737   99,781 
 
 
        
Total assets (1)
 $1,244,666   1,258,128 
 
 
        
Liabilities
        
Noninterest-bearing deposits
 $190,959   191,256 
Interest-bearing deposits
  646,703   656,686 
 
 
        
Total deposits
  837,662   847,942 
Short-term borrowings
  54,737   55,401 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  68,721   69,913 
Long-term debt (includes $99 and $306 carried at fair value)
  148,603   156,983 
 
 
        
Total liabilities (2)
  1,109,723   1,130,239 
 
 
        
Equity
        
Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity:
        
Preferred stock
  11,897   8,689 
Common stock – $1-2/3 par value, authorized 9,000,000,000 shares;
issued 5,312,696,671 shares and 5,272,414,622 shares
  8,854   8,787 
Additional paid-in capital
  54,815   53,426 
Retained earnings
  54,855   51,918 
Cumulative other comprehensive income
  5,021   4,738 
Treasury stock – 11,818,765 shares and 10,131,394 shares
  (541)  (487)
Unearned ESOP shares
  (1,430)  (663)
 
 
        
Total Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity
  133,471   126,408 
Noncontrolling interests
  1,472   1,481 
 
 
        
Total equity
  134,943   127,889 
 
 
        
Total liabilities and equity
 $1,244,666   1,258,128 
 
(1) Our consolidated assets at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, include the following assets of certain variable interest entities (VIEs) that can only be used to settle the liabilities of those VIEs: Cash and due from banks, $154 million and $200 million; Trading assets, $98 million and $143 million; Securities available for sale, $2.4 billion and $2.2 billion; Loans held for sale, $53 million and $0; Net loans, $15.4 billion and $16.7 billion; Other assets, $1.4 billion and $2.0 billion, and Total assets, $19.6 billion and $21.2 billion, respectively.
 
(2) Our consolidated liabilities at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, include the following VIE liabilities for which the VIE creditors do not have recourse to Wells Fargo: Short-term borrowings, $31 million and $7 million; Accrued expenses and other liabilities, $90 million and $71 million; Long-term debt, $7.1 billion and $8.3 billion; and Total liabilities, $7.2 billion and $8.4 billion, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
                 
  
 
 
  Preferred stock Common stock
(in millions, except shares) Shares Amount Shares Amount
 
Balance January 1, 2010
  9,980,940  $8,485   5,178,624,593  $8,743 
 
Cumulative effect from change in accounting for VIEs
                
 
Comprehensive income:
                
Net income
                
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                
Translation adjustments
                
 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale,
net of reclassification of $40 million of net gains included in net income
                
 
Net unrealized gains on derivatives and hedging activities, net of reclassification
of $88 million of net gains on cash flow hedges included in net income
                
 
Unamortized losses under defined benefit plans, net of amortization
                
 
Total comprehensive income
                
 
Noncontrolling interests
                
 
Common stock issued
          21,683,461     
 
Common stock repurchased
          (1,312,992)    
 
Preferred stock issued to ESOP
  1,000,000   1,000         
 
Preferred stock released by ESOP
                
 
Preferred stock converted to common shares
  (209,008)  (209)  6,716,195     
 
Common stock dividends
                
 
Preferred stock dividends
                
 
Tax benefit upon exercise of stock options
                
 
Stock incentive compensation expense
                
 
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
                
 
Net change
  790,992   791   27,086,664   - 
 
Balance March 31, 2010
  10,771,932  $9,276   5,205,711,257  $8,743 
 
 
                
Balance January 1, 2011
  10,185,303  $8,689   5,262,283,228  $8,787 
 
Comprehensive income:
                
Net income
                
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                
Translation adjustments
                
 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale,
net of reclassification of $32 million of net losses included in net income
                
 
Net unrealized losses on derivatives and hedging activities, net of reclassification of $100 million of net gains on cash flow hedges included in net income
                
 
Unamortized gains under defined benefit plans, net of amortization
                
 
Total comprehensive income
                
 
Noncontrolling interests
                
 
Common stock issued
          24,788,653   41 
 
Common stock repurchased
          (1,687,371)    
 
Preferred stock issued to ESOP
  1,200,000   1,200         
 
Preferred stock released by ESOP
                
 
Preferred stock converted to common shares
  (492,873)  (493)  15,493,396   26 
 
Preferred stock issued
  25,010   2,501         
 
Common stock dividends
                
 
Preferred stock dividends
                
 
Tax benefit upon exercise of stock options
                
 
Stock incentive compensation expense
                
 
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
                
 
Net change
  732,137   3,208   38,594,678   67 
 
Balance March 31, 2011
  10,917,440  $11,897   5,300,877,906  $8,854 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Comprehensive Income
 
                                 
Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity          
        Cumulative           Total          
Additional       other       Unearned   Wells Fargo          
paid-in   Retained   comprehensive   Treasury   ESOP   stockholders’     Noncontrolling   Total  
capital   earnings   income   stock   shares   equity     interests   equity  
 
 52,878   41,563   3,009   (2,450)  (442)  111,786  
 
  2,573   114,359 
 
     183               183  
 
      183 
 
                                 
     2,547               2,547  
 
  53   2,600 
 
                                 
         5           5  
 
      5 
 
 
         984           984  
 
  1   985 
 
 
         73           73  
 
      73 
 
         16           16  
 
      16 
 
                     3,625  
 
  54   3,679 
 
 16                   16  
 
  (615)  (599)
 
 (13)  (213)      690       464  
 
      464 
 
             (38)      (38) 
 
      (38)
 
 80               (1,080)  -  
 
      - 
 
 (17)              226   209  
 
      209 
 
 (4)          213       -  
 
      - 
 
     (260)              (260) 
 
      (260)
 
     (184)              (184) 
 
      (184)
 
 51                   51  
 
      51 
 
 175                   175  
 
      175 
 
 (10)          125       115  
 
      115 
 
 278   2,073   1,078   990   (854)  4,356  
 
  (561)  3,795 
 
 53,156   43,636   4,087   (1,460)  (1,296)  116,142  
 
  2,012   118,154 
 
                        
 
        
 53,426   51,918   4,738   (487)  (663)  126,408  
 
  1,481   127,889 
 
                                 
     3,759               3,759  
 
  55   3,814 
 
                                 
         15           15  
 
      15 
 
 
         352           352  
 
  (4)  348 
 
 
         (99)          (99) 
 
      (99)
 
         15           15  
 
      15 
 
                     4,042  
 
  51   4,093 
 
 (35)                  (35) 
 
  (60)  (95)
 
 593                   634  
 
      634 
 
             (55)      (55) 
 
      (55)
 
 102               (1,302)  -  
 
      - 
 
 (42)              535   493  
 
      493 
 
 467                   -  
 
      - 
 
                     2,501  
 
      2,501 
 
 4   (638)              (634) 
 
      (634)
 
     (184)              (184) 
 
      (184)
 
 54                   54  
 
      54 
 
 261                   261  
 
      261 
 
 (15)          1       (14) 
 
      (14)
 
 1,389   2,937   283   (54)  (767)  7,063  
 
  (9)  7,054 
 
 54,815   54,855   5,021   (541)  (1,430)  133,471  
 
  1,472   134,943 
 

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Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
         
 Quarter ended March 31, 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
        
Net income before noncontrolling interests
 $3,814   2,600 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
        
Provision for credit losses
  2,210   5,330 
Changes in fair value of MSRs, MHFS and LHFS carried at fair value
  (586)  (80)
Depreciation and amortization
  477   713 
Other net losses (gains)
  (1,354)  319 
Preferred stock released by ESOP
  493   209 
Stock incentive compensation expense
  261   175 
Excess tax benefits related to stock option payments
  (55)  (51)
Originations of MHFS
  (79,389)  (74,290)
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on mortgages originated for sale
  88,264   81,466 
Originations of LHFS
  -   (3,155)
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on LHFS
  2,299   6,036 
Purchases of LHFS
  (2,313)  (2,407)
Net change in:
        
Trading assets
  5,826   (3,834)
Deferred income taxes
  539   1,199 
Accrued interest receivable
  (156)  690 
Accrued interest payable
  14   (142)
Other assets, net
  2,389   3,431 
Other accrued expenses and liabilities, net
  (5,522)  (9,328)
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  17,211   8,881 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
        
Net change in:
        
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements
and other short-term investments
  (12,404)  (13,307)
Securities available for sale:
        
Sales proceeds
  15,361   1,795 
Prepayments and maturities
  11,651   9,295 
Purchases
  (18,831)  (4,191)
Loans:
        
Loans originated by banking subsidiaries, net of principal collected
  (214)  15,532 
Proceeds from sales (including participations) of loans originated for
investment by banking subsidiaries
  2,165   1,341 
Purchases (including participations) of loans by banking subsidiaries
  (644)  (566)
Principal collected on nonbank entities’ loans
  2,546   4,286 
Loans originated by nonbank entities
  (1,904)  (2,861)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets
  1,642   1,109 
Changes in MSRs from purchases and sales
  (45)  (8)
Other, net
  1,909   270 
 
Net cash provided by investing activities
  1,232   12,695 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
        
Net change in:
        
Deposits
  (10,280)  (19,125)
Short-term borrowings
  (664)  2,240 
Long-term debt:
        
Proceeds from issuance
  5,217   1,415 
Repayment
  (13,933)  (16,508)
Preferred stock:
        
Proceeds from issuance
  2,501   - 
Cash dividends paid
  (251)  (251)
Common stock:
        
Proceeds from issuance
  634   464 
Repurchased
  (55)  (38)
Cash dividends paid
  (634)  (260)
Excess tax benefits related to stock option payments
  55   51 
Net change in noncontrolling interests
  (99)  (343)
 
Net cash used by financing activities
  (17,509)  (32,355)
 
Net change in cash and due from banks
  934   (10,779)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period
  16,044   27,080 
 
Cash and due from banks at end of period
 $16,978   16,301 
 
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
        
Cash paid for interest
 $1,807   2,220 
Cash paid for income taxes
  144   325 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. See Note 1 for noncash activities.

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See the Glossary of Acronyms at the end of this Report for terms used throughout the Financial Statements and related Notes of this Form 10-Q.
Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Wells Fargo & Company is a nation-wide diversified, community-based financial services company. We provide banking, insurance, investments, mortgage banking, investment banking, retail banking, brokerage, and consumer finance through banking stores, the internet and other distribution channels to consumers, businesses and institutions in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and in other countries. When we refer to “Wells Fargo,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Form 10-Q, we mean Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries (consolidated). Wells Fargo & Company (the Parent) is a financial holding company and a bank holding company. We also hold a majority interest in a real estate investment trust, which has publicly traded preferred stock outstanding.
     Our accounting and reporting policies conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and practices in the financial services industry. To prepare the financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates based on assumptions about future economic and market conditions (for example, unemployment, market liquidity, real estate prices, etc.) that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and income and expenses during the reporting period and the related disclosures. Although our estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be worse than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) on investment securities (Note 4), allowance for credit losses and purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans (Note 5), valuations of residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) (Notes 7 and 8) and financial instruments (Note 13), liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses (Note 8) and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
     The information furnished in these unaudited interim statements reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Form 10-Q. The results of operations in the interim statements do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (2010 Form 10-K).
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2011
In first quarter 2011, we adopted certain provisions of Accounting Standards Update (ASU or Update) 2010-6, Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements.
ASU 2010-6 amends the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Companies are required to disclose significant transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Update also clarifies that fair value measurement disclosures should be presented for each asset and liability class, which is generally a subset of a line item in the statement of financial position. In the rollforward of Level 3 activity, companies must present information on purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a gross basis rather than on a net basis. Companies should also provide information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring instruments classified as either Level 2 or Level 3. In first quarter 2011, we adopted the requirement for gross presentation in the Level 3 rollforward with prospective application. The remaining provisions were effective for us in first quarter 2010. Our adoption of the Update did not affect our consolidated financial statement results since it amends only the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.


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Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Noncash activities are presented below, including information on transfers affecting MHFS, LHFS, and MSRs.
 
         
 Quarter ended March 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Transfers from loans to securities available for sale
 $-   2,057 
 
        
Trading assets retained from securitization of MHFS
  12,302   - 
Capitalization of MSRs from sale of MHFS
  1,291   1,065 
Transfers from MHFS to foreclosed assets
  40   51 
Transfers from loans to MHFS
  25   46 
Transfers from (to) loans to (from) LHFS
  106   (149)
Transfers from loans to foreclosed assets
  1,237   2,697 
Changes in consolidations of variable interest entities:
        
Trading assets
  -   155 
Securities available for sale
  9   (7,590)
Loans
  (210)  25,657 
Other assets
  -   193 
Short-term borrowings
  -   5,127 
Long-term debt
  (204)  13,134 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  -   (32)
Decrease in noncontrolling interests due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries
  -   239 
 
        
 
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS We have evaluated the effects of subsequent events that have occurred subsequent to period end March 31, 2011, and there have been no material events that
would require recognition in our first quarter 2011 consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the Notes to the financial statements.


Note 2: Business Combinations
We regularly explore opportunities to acquire financial services companies and businesses. Generally, we do not make a public announcement about an acquisition opportunity until a definitive agreement has been signed. For information on additional consideration related to acquisitions, which is considered to be a guarantee, see Note 10.
     We did not complete any acquisitions in first quarter 2011. At March 31, 2011, we had one pending business combination with total assets of approximately $5 million. We expect to complete this transaction in 2011.


Note 3: Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Other Short-Term Investments
The following table provides the detail of federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments.
 
         
  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
 $20,868   24,880 
Interest-earning deposits
  70,058   53,433 
Other short-term investments
  2,115   2,324 
 
 
        
Total
 $93,041   80,637 
 
We receive collateral from other entities under resale agreements and securities borrowings. For additional information, see Note 10.
      


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Note 4: Securities Available for Sale
The following table provides the cost and fair value for the major categories of securities available for sale carried at fair value. The net unrealized gains (losses) are reported on an after-tax basis as
a component of cumulative OCI. There were no securities classified as held to maturity as of the periods presented.


 
                 
      Gross   Gross     
      unrealized   unrealized   Fair
(in millions) Cost   gains   losses   value
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
                
 
                
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
 $1,483   43   (19)  1,507 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  21,374   616   (831)  21,159 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                
Federal agencies
  72,475   3,207   (130)  75,552 
Residential
  17,119   2,188   (359)  18,948 
Commercial
  12,823   1,343   (386)  13,780 
 
 
                
Total mortgage-backed securities
  102,417   6,738   (875)  108,280 
 
 
                
Corporate debt securities
  9,506   1,412   (90)  10,828 
Collateralized debt obligations (1)
  5,322   478   (184)  5,616 
Other (2)
  15,045   642   (179)  15,508 
 
 
                
Total debt securities
  155,147   9,929   (2,178)  162,898 
 
 
                
Marketable equity securities:
                
Perpetual preferred securities
  3,290   287   (66)  3,511 
Other marketable equity securities
  593   905   (1)  1,497 
 
 
                
Total marketable equity securities
  3,883   1,192   (67)  5,008 
 
 
                
Total
 $159,030   11,121   (2,245)  167,906 
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
                
 
                
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
 $1,570   49   (15)  1,604 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  18,923   568   (837)  18,654 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                
Federal agencies
  78,578   3,555   (96)  82,037 
Residential
  18,294   2,398   (489)  20,203 
Commercial
  12,990   1,199   (635)  13,554 
 
 
                
Total mortgage-backed securities
  109,862   7,152   (1,220)  115,794 
 
 
                
Corporate debt securities
  9,015   1,301   (37)  10,279 
Collateralized debt obligations (1)
  4,638   369   (229)  4,778 
Other (2)
  16,063   576   (283)  16,356 
 
 
                
Total debt securities
  160,071   10,015   (2,621)  167,465 
 
 
                
Marketable equity securities:
                
Perpetual preferred securities
  3,671   250   (89)  3,832 
Other marketable equity securities
  587   771   (1)  1,357 
 
 
                
Total marketable equity securities
  4,258   1,021   (90)  5,189 
 
 
                
Total
 $164,329   11,036   (2,711)  172,654 
 
(1) Includes collateralized loan obligations with a cost basis and fair value of $4.7 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2011, and $4.0 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010.
 
(2) Included in the “Other” category are asset-backed securities collateralized by auto leases or loans and cash reserves with a cost basis and fair value of $4.4 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2011, and $6.2 billion and $6.4 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010. Also included in the “Other” category are asset-backed securities collateralized by home equity loans with a cost basis and fair value of $900 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2011, and $927 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010. The remaining balances primarily include asset-backed securities collateralized by credit cards and student loans.

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Note 4: Securities Available for Sale (continued)
Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value
The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities in the securities available-for-sale portfolio by length of time that individual securities in each category had been in a continuous loss position. Debt securities on which we
have taken only credit-related OTTI write-downs are categorized as being “less than 12 months” or “12 months or more” in a continuous loss position based on the point in time that the fair value declined to below the cost basis and not the period of time since the credit-related OTTI write-down.


 
                         
  Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
  Gross     Gross     Gross  
  unrealized Fair unrealized Fair unrealized Fair
(in millions) losses value losses value losses value
 
 
                        
March 31, 2011
                        
 
                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
 $(19)  583   -   -   (19)  583 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  (319)  6,358   (512)  3,002   (831)  9,360 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                        
Federal agencies
  (121)  15,690   (9)  701   (130)  16,391 
Residential
  (32)  1,068   (327)  3,870   (359)  4,938 
Commercial
  (15)  607   (371)  4,021   (386)  4,628 
 
 
                        
Total mortgage-backed securities
  (168)  17,365   (707)  8,592   (875)  25,957 
 
 
                        
Corporate debt securities
  (7)  459   (83)  193   (90)  652 
Collateralized debt obligations
  (15)  844   (169)  473   (184)  1,317 
Other
  (13)  933   (166)  782   (179)  1,715 
 
 
                        
Total debt securities
  (541)  26,542   (1,637)  13,042   (2,178)  39,584 
 
 
                        
Marketable equity securities:
                        
Perpetual preferred securities
  (9)  490   (57)  672   (66)  1,162 
Other marketable equity securities
  -   -   (1)  5   (1)  5 
 
 
                        
Total marketable equity securities
  (9)  490   (58)  677   (67)  1,167 
 
 
                        
Total
 $(550)  27,032   (1,695)  13,719   (2,245)  40,751 
 
 
                        
December 31, 2010
                        
 
                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
 $(15)  544   -   -   (15)  544 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  (322)  6,242   (515)  2,720   (837)  8,962 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                        
Federal agencies
  (95)  8,103   (1)  60   (96)  8,163 
Residential
  (35)  1,023   (454)  4,440   (489)  5,463 
Commercial
  (9)  441   (626)  5,141   (635)  5,582 
 
 
                        
Total mortgage-backed securities
  (139)  9,567   (1,081)  9,641   (1,220)  19,208 
 
 
                        
Corporate debt securities
  (10)  477   (27)  157   (37)  634 
Collateralized debt obligations
  (13)  679   (216)  456   (229)  1,135 
Other
  (13)  1,985   (270)  757   (283)  2,742 
 
 
                        
Total debt securities
  (512)  19,494   (2,109)  13,731   (2,621)  33,225 
 
 
                        
Marketable equity securities:
                        
Perpetual preferred securities
  (41)  962   (48)  467   (89)  1,429 
Other marketable equity securities
  -   -   (1)  7   (1)  7 
 
 
                        
Total marketable equity securities
  (41)  962   (49)  474   (90)  1,436 
 
 
                        
Total
 $(553)  20,456   (2,158)  14,205   (2,711)  34,661 
 

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We do not have the intent to sell any securities included in the previous table. For debt securities included in the table, we have concluded it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. We have assessed each security for credit impairment. For debt securities, we evaluate, where necessary, whether credit impairment exists by comparing the present value of the expected cash flows to the securities amortized cost basis. For equity securities, we consider numerous factors in determining whether impairment exists, including our intent and ability to hold the securities for a period of time sufficient to recover the cost basis of the securities.
     For complete descriptions of the factors we consider when analyzing debt securities for impairment, see Note 5 in our 2010 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our methodologies for assessing impairment in first quarter 2011.
SECURITIES OF U.S. TREASURY AND FEDERAL AGENCIES AND FEDERAL AGENCY MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES (MBS) The unrealized losses associated with U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities and federal agency MBS are primarily driven by changes in interest rates and not due to credit losses given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.
SECURITIES OF U.S. STATES AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS The unrealized losses associated with securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions are primarily driven by changes in interest rates and not due to the credit quality of the securities. Substantially all of these investments are investment grade. The securities were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the decision to purchase, without relying on a bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. These investments will continue to be monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis, but are expected to perform, even if the rating agencies reduce the credit rating of the bond insurers. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.
RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES (MBS) The unrealized losses associated with private residential MBS and commercial MBS are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment using a cash flow model. The key assumptions include default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We estimate losses to a security by forecasting the underlying mortgage loans in each transaction. We use forecasted loan performance to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure. We also consider cash flow forecasts and, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared with our credit enhancement, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.
CORPORATE DEBT SECURITIES The unrealized losses associated with corporate debt securities are primarily related to securities backed by commercial loans and individual issuer
companies. For securities with commercial loans as the underlying collateral, we have evaluated the expected credit losses in the security and concluded that we have sufficient credit enhancement when compared with our estimate of credit losses for the individual security. For individual issuers, we evaluate the financial performance of the issuer on a quarterly basis to determine that the issuer can make all contractual principal and interest payments. Based upon this assessment, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.
COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (CDOs) The unrealized losses associated with CDOs relate to securities primarily backed by commercial, residential or other consumer collateral. The losses are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment using a cash flow model. The key assumptions include default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We also consider cash flow forecasts and, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared with our credit enhancement, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.
OTHER DEBT SECURITIES The unrealized losses associated with other debt securities primarily relate to other asset-backed securities, which are primarily backed by home equity and student loans. The losses are primarily driven by changes in projected collateral losses, credit spreads and interest rates. We assess for credit impairment using a cash flow model. The key assumptions include default rates, severities and prepayment rates. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared with our credit enhancement, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.
MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES Our marketable equity securities include investments in perpetual preferred securities, which provide very attractive tax-equivalent yields. We evaluated these hybrid financial instruments with investment-grade ratings for impairment using an evaluation methodology similar to that used for debt securities. Perpetual preferred securities are not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired if there is no evidence of credit deterioration or investment rating downgrades of any issuers to below investment grade, and we expect to continue to receive full contractual payments. We will continue to evaluate the prospects for these securities for recovery in their market value in accordance with our policy for estimating OTTI. We have recorded impairment write-downs on perpetual preferred securities where there was evidence of credit deterioration.


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Note 4: Securities Available for Sale (continued)

      The fair values of our investment securities could decline in the future if the underlying performance of the collateral for the residential and commercial MBS or other securities deteriorate and our credit enhancement levels do not provide sufficient protection to our contractual principal and interest. As a result, there is a risk that significant OTTI may occur in the future.
      The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt and perpetual preferred securities available for sale by those rated investment grade and those rated less than investment grade, according to their lowest credit rating by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (S&P) or Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade, that is those rated BBB- or higher by S&P or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s, are generally considered by the rating agencies and
market participants to be low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment grade, labeled as “speculative grade” by the rating agencies, are considered to be distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. We have also included securities not rated by S&P or Moody’s in the table below based on the internal credit grade of the securities (used for credit risk management purposes) equivalent to the credit rating assigned by major credit agencies. The unrealized losses and fair value of unrated securities categorized as investment grade based on internal credit grades were $201 million and $1.9 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2011, and $83 million and $1.3 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010. If an internal credit grade was not assigned, we categorized the security as non-investment grade.


 
                 
 
  Investment grade Non-investment grade
 
  Gross     Gross  
 
  unrealized Fair unrealized Fair
 
(in millions) losses value losses value
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
                
 
                
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $(19)  583   -   - 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  (733)  8,911   (98)  449 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                
Federal agencies
  (130)  16,391   -   - 
Residential
  (21)  714   (338)  4,224 
Commercial
  (200)  3,725   (186)  903 
 
 
                
Total mortgage-backed securities
  (351)  20,830   (524)  5,127 
 
Corporate debt securities
  (13)  339   (77)  313 
Collateralized debt obligations
  (42)  954   (142)  363 
Other
  (158)  1,477   (21)  238 
 
 
                
Total debt securities
  (1,316)  33,094   (862)  6,490 
Perpetual preferred securities
  (63)  1,052   (3)  110 
 
 
                
Total
   $(1,379)  34,146   (865)  6,600 
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
                
 
                
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $(15)  544   -   - 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  (722)  8,423   (115)  539 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                
Federal agencies
  (96)  8,163   -   - 
Residential
  (23)  888   (466)  4,575 
Commercial
  (299)  4,679   (336)  903 
 
 
                
Total mortgage-backed securities
  (418)  13,730   (802)  5,478 
 
 
                
Corporate debt securities
  (22)  330   (15)  304 
Collateralized debt obligations
  (42)  613   (187)  522 
Other
  (180)  2,510   (103)  232 
 
 
                
Total debt securities
  (1,399)  26,150   (1,222)  7,075 
Perpetual preferred securities
  (81)  1,327   (8)  102 
 
 
                
Total
   $(1,480)  27,477   (1,230)  7,177 
 

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Contractual Maturities
The following table shows the remaining contractual maturities and contractual yields of debt securities available for sale. The remaining contractual principal maturities for MBS do not consider prepayments. Remaining expected maturities will differ
from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature.


 
                                         
 
          Remaining contractual maturity 
 
      Weighted-         After one year After five years  
 
  Total average Within one year through five years through ten years After ten years 
 
(in millions) amount yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield 
  
 
                                        
March 31, 2011
                                        
 
                                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $1,507   3.05 %   $8   4.99   $583   2.86   $816   3.04   $100   4.04  %
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  21,159   5.66   339   3.12   4,565   3.07   1,935   5.85   14,320   6.52   
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                        
Federal agencies
  75,552   5.06   5   6.57   34   6.09   529   5.06   74,984   5.06   
Residential
  18,948   5.02   -   -   -   -   660   2.04   18,288   5.13   
Commercial
  13,780   5.39   -   -   1   1.03   205   5.04   13,574   5.40   
                             
 
                                        
Total mortgage-backed securities
  108,280   5.09   5   6.57   35   5.97   1,394   3.63   106,846   5.11   
                             
 
                                        
Corporate debt securities
  10,828   5.76   416   6.36   5,041   5.16   3,939   6.57   1,432   5.46   
Collateralized debt obligations
  5,616   0.84   -   -   579   0.91   3,155   0.80   1,882   0.90   
Other
  15,508   2.17   1,609   1.66   7,557   2.41   3,393   2.44   2,949   1.55   
                             
 
                                        
Total debt securities at fair value
   $162,898   4.77 %   $2,377   2.71   $18,360   3.30   $14,632   3.79   $127,529   5.13  %
  
 
                                        
December 31, 2010
                                        
 
                                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $1,604   2.54   $9   5.07   $641   1.72   $852   2.94   $102   4.15  %
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  18,654   5.99   322   3.83   3,210   3.57   1,884   6.13   13,238   6.60   
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                          
Federal agencies
  82,037   5.01   5   6.63   28   6.58   420   5.23   81,584   5.00   
Residential
  20,203   4.98   -   -   -   -   341   3.20   19,862   5.01   
Commercial
  13,554   5.39   -   -   1   1.38   215   5.28   13,338   5.39   
                               
 
                                        
Total mortgage-backed securities
  115,794   5.05   5   6.63   29   6.38   976   4.53   114,784   5.05   
                               
Corporate debt securities
  10,279   5.94   545   7.82   3,853   6.01   4,817   5.62   1,064   6.21   
Collateralized debt obligations
  4,778   0.80   -   -   545   0.88   2,581   0.72   1,652   0.90   
Other
  16,356   2.53   1,588   2.89   7,887   3.00   4,367   2.01   2,514   1.72   
                               
 
                                        
Total debt securities at fair value
   $167,465   4.81   $2,469   4.12   $16,165   3.72   $15,477   3.63   $133,354   5.10  %
    

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Note 4: Securities Available for Sale (continued)

Realized Gains and Losses
The following table shows the gross realized gains and losses on sales and OTTI write-downs related to the securities available-for-sale portfolio, which includes marketable equity securities, as well as net realized gains and losses on nonmarketable equity securities (see Note 6 – Other Assets).
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Gross realized gains
 $70   184 
Gross realized losses
  (42)  (15)
OTTI write-downs
  (80)  (106)
 
 
        
Net realized gains (losses) from securities available for sale
  (52)  63 
 
 
        
Net realized gains from principal and private equity investments
  239   8 
 
 
        
Net realized gains from debt securities and equity investments
 $187   71 
 
      


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Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
The following table shows the detail of total OTTI write-downs included in earnings for debt securities and marketable and nonmarketable equity securities.
      


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
OTTI write-downs included in earnings
        
Debt securities:
        
U.S. states and political subdivisions
   $-   5 
Mortgage-backed securities:
        
Residential
  62   39 
Commercial
  14   13 
Corporate debt securities
  -   1 
Collateralized debt obligations
  -   6 
Other debt securities
  4   28 
 
 
        
Total debt securities
  80   92 
 
 
        
Equity securities:
        
Marketable equity securities:
        
Perpetual preferred securities
  -   14 
 
 
        
Total marketable equity securities
  -   14 
 
 
        
Total securities available for sale
  80   106 
 
        
Nonmarketable equity securities
  41   91 
 
 
        
Total OTTI write-downs included in earnings
   $121   197 
 
Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired Debt Securities
The following table shows the detail of OTTI write-downs on debt securities available for sale included in earnings and the related changes in OCI for the same securities.
 


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
OTTI on debt securities
        
Recorded as part of gross realized losses:
        
Credit-related OTTI
   $79   89 
Intent-to-sell OTTI
  1   3 
 
 
        
Total recorded as part of gross realized losses
  80   92 
 
 
        
Recorded directly to OCI for non-credit-related impairment:
        
U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   (4)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
  (104)  26 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
  (53)  (2)
Collateralized debt obligations
  -   59 
Other debt securities
  1   (17)
 
 
        
Total recorded directly to OCI for increase (decrease) in noncredit related impairment (1)
  (156)  62 
 
 
        
Total OTTI losses (gains) recorded on debt securities
   $(76)  154 
 
(1) Represents amounts recorded to OCI on debt securities in periods OTTI write-downs have occurred. Changes in fair value in subsequent periods on such securities, to the extent additional credit-related OTTI did not occur, are not reflected in this total. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the non-credit-related impairment recorded to OCI was a $156 million reduction in total OTTI because the fair value of the security increased due to factors other than credit. This fair value increase (net of the $79 million decrease related to credit) was not sufficient to recover the full amount of the unrealized loss on such securities and therefore required recognition of OTTI.

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Note 4: Securities Available for Sale (continued)
The following table presents a rollforward of the credit loss component recognized in earnings for debt securities we still own (referred to as “credit-impaired” debt securities). The credit loss component of the amortized cost represents the difference between the present value of expected future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security prior to considering credit losses. OTTI recognized in earnings for credit-impaired debt securities is presented as additions in two components based upon whether the current period is
the first time the debt security was credit-impaired (initial credit impairment) or is not the first time the debt security was credit impaired (subsequent credit impairments). The credit loss component is reduced if we sell, intend to sell or believe we will be required to sell previously credit-impaired debt securities. Additionally, the credit loss component is reduced if we receive or expect to receive cash flows in excess of what we previously expected to receive over the remaining life of the credit-impaired debt security, the security matures or is fully written down.
      Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities that we do not intend to sell were:


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Credit loss component, beginning of period
   $1,043   1,187 
Additions:
        
Initial credit impairments
  11   20 
Subsequent credit impairments
  68   69 
 
 
        
Total additions
  79   89 
 
 
        
Reductions:
        
For securities sold
  (23)  (25)
For securities derecognized resulting from adoption of consolidation accounting guidance
  -   (242)
For recoveries of previous credit impairments (1)
  (12)  (7)
 
 
        
Total reductions
  (35)  (274)
 
 
        
Credit loss component, end of period
   $1,087   1,002 
 
(1) Recoveries of previous credit impairments result from increases in expected cash flows subsequent to credit loss recognition. Such recoveries are reflected prospectively as interest yield adjustments using the effective interest method.

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For asset-backed securities (e.g., residential MBS), we estimated expected future cash flows of the security by estimating the expected future cash flows of the underlying collateral and applying those collateral cash flows, together with any credit enhancements such as subordinated interests owned by third parties, to the security. The expected future cash flows of the underlying collateral are determined using the remaining contractual cash flows adjusted for future expected credit losses (which consider current delinquencies and nonperforming assets
(NPAs), future expected default rates and collateral value by vintage and geographic region) and prepayments. The expected cash flows of the security are then discounted at the interest rate used to recognize interest income on the security to arrive at a present value amount. Total credit impairment losses on residential MBS that we do not intend to sell are shown in the table below. The table also presents a summary of the significant inputs considered in determining the measurement of the credit loss component recognized in earnings for residential MBS.


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
($ in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Credit impairment losses on residential MBS
        
Investment grade
   $5   - 
Non-investment grade
  57   39 
 
 
        
Total credit impairment losses on residential MBS
   $62   39 
 
 
        
Significant inputs (non-agency – non-investment grade MBS)
        
Expected remaining life of loan losses (1):
        
Range (2)
  2-26  %  2-36 
Credit impairment distribution (3):
        
0 - 10% range
  57   53 
10 - 20% range
  25   20 
20 - 30% range
  18   22 
Greater than 30%
  -   5 
Weighted average (4)
  9   10 
Current subordination levels (5):
        
Range (2)
  0-11   0-22 
Weighted average (4)
  5   7 
Prepayment speed (annual CPR (6)):
        
Range (2)
  5-15   3-13 
Weighted average (4)
  10   8 
 
        
 
(1) Represents future expected credit losses on underlying pool of loans expressed as a percentage of total current outstanding loan balance.
(2) Represents the range of inputs/assumptions based upon the individual securities within each category.
(3) Represents distribution of credit impairment losses recognized in earnings categorized based on range of expected remaining life of loan losses. For example 57% of credit impairment losses recognized in earnings for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, had expected remaining life of loan loss assumptions of 0 to 10%.
(4) Calculated by weighting the relevant input/assumption for each individual security by current outstanding amortized cost basis of the security.
(5) Represents current level of credit protection (subordination) for the securities, expressed as a percentage of total current underlying loan balance.
(6) Constant prepayment rate.

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Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Outstanding balances are presented net of unearned income, net deferred loan fees, and unamortized discounts and premiums totaling a net reduction of $10.8 billion and $11.3 billion at March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, respectively. Outstanding balances also include PCI loans net of any remaining purchase accounting adjustments. Information about PCI loans is presented separately in the “Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section of this Note.


 
         
  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
   $150,857   151,284 
Real estate mortgage
  101,084   99,435 
Real estate construction
  22,868   25,333 
Lease financing
  12,937   13,094 
Foreign (1)
  35,476   32,912 
 
 
        
Total commercial
  323,222   322,058 
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  226,509   230,235 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  93,041   96,149 
Credit card
  20,996   22,260 
Other revolving credit and installment
  87,387   86,565 
 
 
        
Total consumer
  427,933   435,209 
 
 
        
Total loans
   $751,155   757,267 
 
(1) Substantially all of our foreign loan portfolio is commercial loans. Loans are classified as foreign if the borrower’s primary address is outside of the United States.
     The following table summarizes the proceeds paid or received for purchases and sales of loans, respectively. It also includes transfers from (to) mortgages/loans held for sale at lower of
cost or market. The table excludes PCI loans and loans recorded at fair value, including loans originated for sale. This activity primarily includes purchases or sales of commercial loan participation interests, whereby we receive or transfer a portion of a loan after origination.


 
                         
 
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
  2011 2010
 
(in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total
 
 
                        
Purchases
   $644   -   644   543   24   567 
Sales
  (1,571)  (1)  (1,572)  (1,068)  -   (1,068)
Transfers from/(to) MHFS/LHFS
  106   25   131   (15)  (88)  (103)
 
                        
 

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Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL)
The ACL is management’s estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments, at the balance sheet date. We have an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that assesses the losses inherent in our portfolio and related unfunded credit commitments. While we attribute portions of the allowance to specific portfolio segments, the entire allowance is available to absorb credit losses inherent in the total loan portfolio and unfunded credit commitments.
      Our process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique risk characteristics of our commercial and consumer loan portfolio segments. For each portfolio segment, losses are estimated collectively for groups of loans with similar characteristics, individually for impaired loans or, for PCI loans, based on the changes in cash flows expected to be collected.
      Our allowance levels are influenced by loan volumes, loan grade migration or delinquency status, historic loss experience influencing loss factors, and other conditions influencing loss expectations, such as economic conditions.
COMMERCIAL PORTFOLIO SEGMENT ACL METHODOLOGY Generally, commercial loans are assessed for estimated losses by grading each loan using various risk factors as identified through periodic reviews. We apply historic grade-specific loss factors to the aggregation of each funded grade pool. These historic loss factors are also used to estimate losses for unfunded credit commitments. In the development of our statistically derived loan grade loss factors, we observe historical losses over a relevant period for each loan grade. These loss estimates are adjusted as appropriate based on additional analysis of long-term average loss experience compared to previously forecasted losses, external loss data or other risks identified from current economic conditions and credit quality trends.
      The allowance also includes an amount for the estimated impairment on nonaccrual commercial loans and commercial loans modified in a TDR, whether on accrual or nonaccrual status.
CONSUMER PORTFOLIO SEGMENT ACL METHODOLOGY For consumer loans, not identified as a TDR, we determine the allowance on a collective basis utilizing forecasted losses to represent our best estimate of inherent loss. We pool loans, generally by product types with similar risk characteristics, such as residential real estate mortgages and credit cards. As appropriate, to achieve greater accuracy, we may further stratify selected portfolios by sub-product, origination channel, vintage, loss type, geographic location and other predictive characteristics. Models designed for each pool are utilized to develop the loss estimates. We use assumptions for these pools in our forecast models, such as historic delinquency and default, loss severity, home price trends, unemployment trends, and other key economic variables that may influence the frequency and severity of losses in the pool.
      We separately estimate impairment for consumer loans that have been modified in a TDR, whether on accrual or nonaccrual status.
OTHER ACL MATTERS Commercial and consumer PCI loans may require an allowance subsequent to their acquisition. This allowance requirement is due to probable decreases in expected principal and interest cash flows (other than due to decreases in interest rate indices and changes in prepayment assumptions).
      The allowance for credit losses for both portfolio segments includes an amount for imprecision or uncertainty that may change from period to period. This amount represents management’s judgment of risks inherent in the processes and assumptions used in establishing the allowance. This imprecision considers economic environmental factors, modeling assumptions and performance, process risk, and other subjective factors, including industry trends.


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Note 5: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
      The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. Changes in the allowance for credit losses were:
         
 
 
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Balance, beginning of period
   $23,463   25,031 
Provision for credit losses
  2,210   5,330 
Interest income on certain impaired loans (1)
  (83)  (74)
Loan charge-offs:
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
  (468)  (767)
Real estate mortgage
  (179)  (281)
Real estate construction
  (119)  (405)
Lease financing
  (13)  (34)
Foreign
  (39)  (47)
 
 
        
Total commercial
  (818)  (1,534)
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  (1,015)  (1,397)
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  (1,046)  (1,496)
Credit card
  (448)  (696)
Other revolving credit and installment
  (500)  (750)
 
 
        
Total consumer
  (3,009)  (4,339)
 
 
        
Total loan charge-offs
  (3,827)  (5,873)
 
 
        
Loan recoveries:
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
  114   117 
Real estate mortgage
  27   10 
Real estate construction
  36   11 
Lease financing
  7   5 
Foreign
  11   11 
 
 
        
Total commercial
  195   154 
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  111   86 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  52   47 
Credit card
  66   53 
Other revolving credit and installment
  193   203 
 
 
        
Total consumer
  422   389 
 
 
        
Total loan recoveries
  617   543 
 
 
        
Net loan charge-offs (2)
  (3,210)  (5,330)
 
 
        
Allowances related to business combinations/other (3)
  3   699 
 
 
        
Balance, end of period
   $22,383   25,656 
 
 
        
Components:
        
Allowance for loan losses
   $21,983   25,123 
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments
  400   533 
 
 
        
Allowance for credit losses (4)
   $22,383   25,656 
 
 
        
Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans (2)
  1.73 %  2.71 
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans (4)
  2.93   3.22 
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans (4)
  2.98   3.28 
 
(1) Certain impaired loans with an allowance calculated by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognize reductions in the allowance as interest income.
(2) For PCI loans, charge-offs are only recorded to the extent that losses exceed the purchase accounting estimates.
(3) Includes $693 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, related to the adoption of consolidation accounting guidance on January 1, 2010.
(4) The allowance for credit losses includes $257 million and $247 million at March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to PCI loans acquired from Wachovia. Loans acquired from Wachovia are included in total loans net of related purchase accounting net write-downs.

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments.
                         
 
 
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
  2011 2010
 
(in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total
   
 
                        
Balance, beginning of period
 $8,169   15,294   23,463   8,141   16,890   25,031 
Provision for credit losses
  472   1,738   2,210   2,104   3,226   5,330 
Interest income on certain impaired loans
  (45)  (38)  (83)  (41)  (33)  (74)
 
                        
Loan charge-offs
  (818)  (3,009)  (3,827)  (1,534)  (4,339)  (5,873)
Loan recoveries
  195   422   617   154   389   543 
   
 
                        
Net loan charge-offs
  (623)  (2,587)  (3,210)  (1,380)  (3,950)  (5,330)
   
 
                        
Allowance related to business combinations/other
  -   3   3   9   690   699 
   
 
                        
Balance, end of period
 $7,973   14,410   22,383   8,833   16,823   25,656 
 
The following table disaggregates our allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology.
                         
 
 
 
  Allowance for credit losses Recorded investment in loans
 
(in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total
 
 
                        
March 31, 2011
                        
 
                        
Collectively evaluated (1)
   $5,222   10,480   15,702   304,630   380,509   685,139 
Individually evaluated (2)
  2,517   3,907   6,424   11,085   14,944   26,029 
PCI (3)
  234   23   257   7,507   32,480   39,987 
 
 
                        
Total
   $7,973   14,410   22,383   323,222   427,933   751,155 
 
 
                        
December 31, 2010
                        
 
                        
Collectively evaluated (1)
 $5,424   11,539   16,963   302,392   387,707   690,099 
Individually evaluated (2)
  2,479   3,723   6,202   11,731   14,007   25,738 
PCI (3)
  266   32   298   7,935   33,495   41,430 
 
 
                        
Total
 $8,169   15,294   23,463   322,058   435,209   757,267 
 
(1) Represents loans collectively evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies (formerly FAS 5), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for unimpaired loans.
(2) Represents loans individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10,Receivables (formerly FAS 114), and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for impaired loans.
(3) Represents the allowance and related loan carrying value determined in accordance with ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality(formerly SOP 03-3) and pursuant to amendments by ASU 2010-20 regarding allowance for PCI loans.

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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
 
Credit Quality
We monitor credit quality as indicated by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. See the “Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section of this Note for credit quality information on our PCI portfolio.
      The majority of credit quality indicators are based on March 31, 2011, information, with the exception of updated FICO and updated loan-to-value (LTV)/combined LTV (CLTV), which are obtained at least quarterly. Generally, these indicators are updated in the second month of each quarter, with updates no older than December 31, 2010.
COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS In addition to monitoring commercial loan concentration risk, we manage a
consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Commercial loans are subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings. Our ratings are aligned to Pass and Criticized categories. The Criticized category includes Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful categories which are defined by banking regulatory agencies.
     The table below provides a breakdown of outstanding commercial loans by risk category. Both the CRE mortgage and construction criticized totals are relatively high as a result of the current conditions in the real estate market. Of the $35.0 billion in criticized CRE loans, $7.5 billion has been placed on nonaccrual status and written down to net realizable value. Loans in both populations have a high level of surveillance and monitoring in place to manage these assets and mitigate any loss exposure.

 
                         
 
  
Commercial
 Real Real      
  
and
 estate estate Lease    
(in millions) 
industrial
 mortgage construction financing Foreign Total
 
 
                        
March 31, 2011
                        
 
                        
By risk category:
                        
Pass
 $127,340   72,940   10,586   12,341   32,834   256,041 
Criticized
  22,909   25,180   9,835   596   1,154   59,674 
 
 
                        
Total commercial loans (excluding PCI)
  150,249   98,120   20,421   12,937   33,988   315,715 
Total commercial PCI loans (carrying value)
  608   2,964   2,447   -   1,488   7,507 
 
 
                        
Total commercial loans
 $150,857   101,084   22,868   12,937   35,476   323,222 
 
 
                        
December 31, 2010
                        
 
                        
By risk category:
                        
Pass
 $126,058   70,597   11,256   12,411   30,341   250,663 
Criticized
  24,508   25,983   11,128   683   1,158   63,460 
 
 
                        
Total commercial loans (excluding PCI)
  150,566   96,580   22,384   13,094   31,499   314,123 
Total commercial PCI loans (carrying value)
  718   2,855   2,949   -   1,413   7,935 
 
 
                        
Total commercial loans
 $151,284   99,435   25,333   13,094   32,912   322,058 
 

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      In addition, while we monitor past due status, we do not consider it a key driver of our credit risk management practices
for commercial loans. The following table provides past due information for commercial loans.

 
                         
 
  
Commercial
 Real Real      
  
and
 estate estate Lease    
  (in millions) 
industrial
 mortgage construction financing Foreign Total  
 
 
                        
  March 31, 2011
                        
 
                        
  By delinquency status:
                        
 
                        
  Current-29 DPD
 $146,268   91,667   17,473   12,772   33,779   301,959 
  30-89 DPD
  990   1,037   553   70   107   2,757 
  90+ DPD and still accruing
  338   177   156   -   16   687 
  Nonaccrual loans
  2,653   5,239   2,239   95   86   10,312 
 
 
                        
  Total commercial loans (excluding PCI)
  150,249   98,120   20,421   12,937   33,988   315,715 
  Total commercial PCI loans (carrying value)
  608   2,964   2,447   -   1,488   7,507 
 
 
                        
  Total commercial loans
 $150,857   101,084   22,868   12,937   35,476   323,222 
 
 
                        
  December 31, 2010
                        
 
                        
  By delinquency status:
                        
  Current-29 DPD
 $146,135   90,233   19,005   12,927   31,350   299,650 
  30-89 DPD
  910   1,016   510   59   -   2,495 
  90+ DPD and still accruing
  308   104   193   -   22   627 
  Nonaccrual loans
  3,213   5,227   2,676   108   127   11,351 
 
 
                        
  Total commercial loans (excluding PCI)
  150,566   96,580   22,384   13,094   31,499   314,123 
  Total commercial PCI loans (carrying value)
  718   2,855   2,949   -   1,413   7,935 
 
 
                        
  Total commercial loans
 $151,284   99,435   25,333   13,094   32,912   322,058 
 
 
CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We have various classes of consumer loans that present respective unique risks. Loan delinquency, FICO credit scores and LTV for loan types are common credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses for the consumer portfolio segment.
      The majority of our loss estimation techniques used for the allowance for credit losses rely on delinquency matrix models or delinquency roll rate models. Therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality and the establishment of our allowance for credit losses.
      


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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
The following table provides the outstanding balances of our consumer portfolio by delinquency status.
                     
 
  
Real estate
 Real estate     Other  
  
1-4 family
 1-4 family     revolving  
  
first
 junior lien Credit credit and  

(in millions)
 mortgage mortgage card installment Total
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
By delinquency status:
                    
Current
 $156,523   86,950   19,623   62,579   325,675 
1-29 DPD
  5,723   2,811   578   6,687   15,799 
30-59 DPD
  4,080   817   215   836   5,948 
60-89 DPD
  1,831   508   167   258   2,764 
90-119 DPD
  1,272   415   148   127   1,962 
120-179 DPD
  1,934   695   264   51   2,944 
180+ DPD
  7,053   606   1   9   7,669 
Government insured/guaranteed loans (1)
  15,852   -   -   16,840   32,692 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans (excluding PCI)
  194,268   92,802   20,996   87,387   395,453 
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
  32,241   239   -   -   32,480 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans
 $226,509   93,041   20,996   87,387   427,933 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010 (2)
                    
 
                    
By delinquency status:
                    
Current
 $158,961   89,408   20,546   59,295   328,210 
1-29 DPD
  5,597   3,104   730   7,834   17,265 
30-59 DPD
  4,516   917   262   1,261   6,956 
60-89 DPD
  2,173   608   207   376   3,364 
90-119 DPD
  1,399   476   190   171   2,236 
120-179 DPD
  2,080   764   324   58   3,226 
180+ DPD
  6,750   622   1   117   7,490 
Government insured/guaranteed loans (1)
  15,514   -   -   17,453   32,967 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans (excluding PCI)
  196,990   95,899   22,260   86,565   401,714 
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
  33,245   250   -   -   33,495 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans
 $230,235   96,149   22,260   86,565   435,209 
 
(1) Represents loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA and student loans whose repayments are predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under FFELP.
 
(2) Amounts at December 31, 2010, have been revised to conform to the current presentation.
 
      Of the $12.6 billion of loans that are 90 days or more past due at March 31, 2011, $1.7 billion was accruing, compared with $13.0 billion and $20.0 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010.
      Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans 180 days or more past due totaled $7.1 billion, or 3.6% of total first mortgages (excluding PCI), up slightly from 3.4% at December 31, 2010. The aging of the delinquent real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans is a result of the prolonged foreclosure process and our effort to help customers stay in their homes through various loan modification programs, as loans continue to age until these processes are complete.
      The following table provides a breakdown of our consumer portfolio by updated FICO. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are updated at least quarterly. FICO is not available for certain loan types and may not be obtained if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes, primarily securities-based margin loans of $5.2 billion at March 31, 2011, and $4.1 billion at December 31, 2010. The majority of our portfolio is underwritten with a FICO score of 680 and above.
      


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Real estate
 Real estate     Other  
  
1-4 family
 1-4 family     revolving  
  
first
 junior lien Credit credit and  

(in millions)
 mortgage mortgage card installment Total
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
By updated FICO:
                    
< 600
 $25,024   7,915   2,643   10,453   46,035 
600-639
  11,148   4,186   1,743   5,893   22,970 
640-679
  15,940   7,530   3,159   8,427   35,056 
680-719
  24,942   13,587   4,350   9,597   52,476 
720-759
  29,162   19,614   4,250   8,845   61,871 
760-799
  47,466   25,854   2,966   9,106   85,392 
800+
  19,252   9,467   1,625   4,622   34,966 
No FICO available
  5,482   4,649   260   8,444   18,835 
FICO not required
  -   -   -   5,160   5,160 
Government insured/guaranteed loans (1)
  15,852   -   -   16,840   32,692 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans (excluding PCI)
  194,268   92,802   20,996   87,387   395,453 
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
  32,241   239   -   -   32,480 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans
 $226,509   93,041   20,996   87,387   427,933 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010 (2)
                    
 
                    
By updated FICO:
                    
< 600
 $26,013   9,126   2,872   10,806   48,817 
600-639
  11,105   4,457   1,826   5,965   23,353 
640-679
  16,202   7,678   3,305   8,344   35,529 
680-719
  25,549   13,759   4,522   9,480   53,310 
720-759
  29,443   20,334   4,441   8,808   63,026 
760-799
  47,250   27,222   3,215   9,357   87,044 
800+
  19,719   10,607   1,794   4,692   36,812 
No FICO available
  6,195   2,716   285   7,528   16,724 
FICO not required
  -   -   -   4,132   4,132 
Government insured/guaranteed loans (1)
  15,514   -   -   17,453   32,967 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans (excluding PCI)
  196,990   95,899   22,260   86,565   401,714 
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
  33,245   250   -   -   33,495 
 
 
                    
Total consumer loans
 $230,235   96,149   22,260   86,565   435,209 
 
(1) Represents loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA and student loans whose repayments are predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under FFELP.
 
(2) Amounts at December 31, 2010, have been revised to conform to the current presentation.

LTV refers to the ratio comparing the loan’s unpaid principal balance to the property’s collateral value. CLTV refers to the combination of first mortgage and junior lien mortgage ratios. LTVs and CLTVs are updated quarterly using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties.
      The following table shows the most updated LTV and CLTV distribution of the real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgage loan portfolios. In recent years, the residential real estate markets have experienced significant declines in property values and several markets, particularly California and Florida have experienced declines that turned out to be more significant than the national decline. These trends are considered in the way that we monitor credit risk and establish our allowance for credit
losses. LTV does not necessarily reflect the likelihood of performance of a given loan, but does provide an indication of collateral value. In the event of a default, any loss should be limited to the portion of the loan amount in excess of the net realizable value of the underlying real estate collateral value. Certain loans do not have an LTV or CLTV primarily due to industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions.


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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
                         
 
  
March 31, 2011
 December 31, 2010 (3)
  
Real estate
 Real estate     Real estate Real estate  
  
1-4 family
 1-4 family     1-4 family 1-4 family  
  
first
 junior lien     first junior lien  
  
mortgage
 mortgage     mortgage mortgage  

(in millions)
 by LTV by CLTV Total by LTV by CLTV Total
 
 
                        
By LTV/CLTV:
                        
0-60%
   $46,886   13,286   60,172   47,808   14,814   62,622 
60.01-80%
  42,682   16,692   59,374   42,542   17,744   60,286 
80.01-100%
  40,168   22,354   62,522   39,497   24,255   63,752 
100.01-120% (1)
  23,416   17,870   41,286   24,147   17,887   42,034 
> 120% (1)
  21,299   19,716   41,015   24,243   18,628   42,871 
No LTV/CLTV available
  3,965   2,884   6,849   3,239   2,571   5,810 
Government insured/guaranteed loans (2)
  15,852   -   15,852   15,514   -   15,514 
 
Total consumer loans (excluding PCI)
  194,268   92,802   287,070   196,990   95,899   292,889 
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
  32,241   239   32,480   33,245   250   33,495 
 
 
                        
Total consumer loans
   $226,509   93,041   319,550   230,235   96,149   326,384 
 
(1) Reflects total loan balances with LTV/CLTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV/CLTV.
 
(2) Represents loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
 
(3) Amounts at December 31, 2010, have been revised to conform to the current presentation.
NONACCRUAL LOANS The following table provides loans on nonaccrual status. PCI loans are excluded from this table due to the existence of the accretable yield.
         
 
  
Mar. 31,
 Dec. 31,

(in millions)
 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
 $2,653   3,213 
Real estate mortgage
  5,239   5,227 
Real estate construction
  2,239   2,676 
Lease financing
  95   108 
Foreign
  86   127 
 
 
        
Total commercial (1)
  10,312   11,351 
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (2)
  12,143   12,289 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  2,235   2,302 
Other revolving credit and installment
  275   300 
 
 
        
Total consumer
  14,653   14,891 
 
 
        
Total nonaccrual loans
(excluding PCI)
 $24,965   26,242 
 
(1) Includes LHFS of $17 million and $3 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
(2) Includes MHFS of $430 million and $426 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
      


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LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Certain loans 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. PCI loans of $10.8 billion at March 31, 2011, and $11.6 billion at December 31, 2010, are excluded from this disclosure even though they are 90 days or more contractually past due. These PCI loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
      The following table shows non-PCI loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed.
         
 
  
Mar. 31,
 Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Total (excluding PCI):
 $17,901   18,488 
Less: FHA insured/guaranteed by the VA (1)
  14,353   14,733 
Less: Student loans guaranteed under the FFELP (2)
  1,120   1,106 
 
 
        
Total, not government insured/guaranteed
 $2,428   2,649 
 
 
        
By segment and class, not insured/guaranteed:
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
 $338   308 
Real estate mortgage
  177   104 
Real estate construction
  156   193 
Foreign
  16   22 
 
 
        
Total commercial
  687   627 
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (3)
  858   941 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage (3)
  325   366 
Credit card
  413   516 
Other revolving credit and installment
  145   199 
 
 
        
Total consumer
  1,741   2,022 
 
 
        
Total, not government insured/guaranteed
 $2,428   2,649 
 
(1) Represents loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
 
(2) Represents loans whose repayments are predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under the FFELP.
 
(3) Includes mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due and still accruing.
      


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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
 
IMPAIRED LOANS The table below summarizes key information for impaired loans. Our impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status in the commercial portfolio segment and loans modified in a TDR, whether on accrual or nonaccrual status.
These impaired loans may have estimated impairment which is included in the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans exclude PCI loans.

 
                 
 
     
Recorded investment
  
 
          Impaired loans  
  Unpaid     with related Related
  principal Impaired allowance for allowance for
(in millions) balance loans credit losses credit losses
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
                
 
                
Commercial:
                
Commercial and industrial
 $7,501   2,901   2,901   548 
Real estate mortgage
  7,374   5,566   5,239   1,357 
Real estate construction
  4,078   2,495   2,495   573 
Lease financing
  139   97   90   32 
Foreign
  175   26   22   7 
 
 
                
Total commercial
  19,267   11,085   10,747   2,517 
 
 
                
Consumer:
                
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  13,706   12,261   12,261   2,875 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  1,949   1,824   1,824   621 
Credit card
  602   602   602   356 
Other revolving credit and installment
  259   257   257   55 
 
 
                
Total consumer
  16,516   14,944   14,944   3,907 
 
 
                
Total impaired loans (excluding PCI)
 $35,783   26,029   25,691   6,424 
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
                
 
                
Commercial:
                
Commercial and industrial
 $8,190   3,600   3,276   607 
Real estate mortgage
  7,439   5,239   5,163   1,282 
Real estate construction
  4,676   2,786   2,786   548 
Lease financing
  149   91   91   34 
Foreign
  215   15   15   8 
 
 
                
Total commercial
  20,669   11,731   11,331   2,479 
 
 
                
Consumer:
                
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  12,834   11,603   11,603   2,754 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  1,759   1,626   1,626   578 
Credit card
  548   548   548   333 
Other revolving credit and installment
  231   230   230   58 
 
 
                
Total consumer
  15,372   14,007   14,007   3,723 
 
 
                
Total impaired loans (excluding PCI)
 $36,041   25,738   25,338   6,202 
 

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      Commitments to lend additional funds on loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR amounted to $1.7 billion and $1.2 billion at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. These commitments primarily relate to CRE loans, which, at the time of modification, had an amount of availability to the borrower that continues under the modified terms of the TDR
and totaled $1.3 billion and $861 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
      The following table provides the average recorded investment in impaired loans and the amount of interest income recognized on impaired loans after impairment by portfolio segment and class.

                 
 
  
Quarter ended March 31,
 
  2011  2010 
 
  Average Recognized Average Recognized
  
recorded
 interest recorded interest

(in millions)
 investment income investment income
 
 
                
Commercial:
                
Commercial and industrial
 $3,105   24   3,277   29 
Real estate mortgage
  5,522   13   2,040   8 
Real estate construction
  2,681   14   2,556   4 
Lease financing
  106   -   73   - 
Foreign
  40   -   78   - 
 
 
                
Total commercial
  11,454   51   8,024   41 
 
 
                
Consumer:
                
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  11,901   151   7,491   104 
Real estate 1-4 family
junior lien mortgage
  1,763   14   1,404   13 
Credit card
  581   6   105   1 
Other revolving credit and installment
  243   9   47   - 
 
 
                
Total consumer
  14,488   180   9,047   118 
 
 
                
Total impaired loans (excluding PCI)
 $25,942   231   17,071   159 
 
 
                
Interest income:
                
 
                
Cash basis of accounting
     $38       47 
Other (1)
      193       112 
           
Total interest income
     $231       159 
 
(1) Includes interest recognized on accruing TDRs, interest recognized related to certain impaired loans which have an allowance calculated using discounting, and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments related to certain impaired loans. See footnote 1 to the table of changes in the allowance for credit losses.

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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
 
Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
.
Certain loans acquired in the Wachovia acquisition are accounted for as PCI loans. The following table presents PCI loans net of any remaining purchase accounting adjustments.

         
 
 
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Commercial:
        
Commercial and industrial
 $608   718 
Real estate mortgage
  2,964   2,855 
Real estate construction
  2,447   2,949 
Foreign
  1,488   1,413 
 
 
        
Total commercial
  7,507   7,935 
 
 
        
Consumer:
        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  32,241   33,245 
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  239   250 
Other revolving credit and installment
  -   - 
 
 
        
Total consumer
  32,480   33,495 
 
 
        
Total PCI loans (carrying value)
 $39,987   41,430 
 
 
        
Total PCI loans (unpaid principal balance)
 $61,341   64,331 
 
 
ACCRETABLE YIELD The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the carrying value of PCI loans is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income using an effective yield method over the remaining life of the loan, or pools of loans. The accretable yield is affected by:
 Changes in interest rate indices for variable rate PCI loans – Expected future cash flows are based on the variable rates in effect at the time of the regular evaluations of cash flows expected to be collected;
 
 Changes in prepayment assumptions – Prepayments affect the estimated life of PCI loans which may change the amount of interest income, and possibly principal, expected to be collected; and
 Changes in the expected principal and interest payments over the estimated life – Updates to expected cash flows are driven by the credit outlook and actions taken with borrowers. Changes in expected future cash flows from loan modifications are included in the regular evaluations of cash flows expected to be collected.
     The change in the accretable yield related to PCI loans is presented in the following table.

             
 
 
  Quarter ended Year ended
 
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010  2009 
 
 
            
Total, beginning of period
   $16,714   14,559   10,447 
Accretion(1)
  (701)  (2,435)  (2,606)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference for loans with improving cash flows
  115   3,399   441 
Changes in expected cash flows that do not affect nonaccretable difference (2)
  (247)  1,191   6,277 
 
 
            
Total, end of period
   $15,881   16,714   14,559 
 
(1) Includes accretable yield released as a result of settlements with borrowers, which are included in interest income, and sales to third parties, which are included in noninterest income ($155 million in first quarter 2011).
 
(2) Represents changes in cash flows expected to be collected due to changes in interest rates on variable rate PCI loans and the impact of modifications.

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PCI ALLOWANCE When it is estimated that the cash flows expected to be collected have decreased subsequent to acquisition for a PCI loan or pool of loans, an allowance is
established and a provision for additional loss is recorded as a charge to income. The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for PCI loan losses.

                 
 
          
Other
  

(in millions)
 Commercial Pick-a-Pay consumer Total
 
 
                
Balance, December 31, 2008
 $-   -   -   - 
Provision for losses due to credit deterioration
  850   -   3   853 
Charge-offs
  (520)  -   -   (520)
 
 
                
Balance, December 31, 2009
  330   -   3   333 
Provision for losses due to credit deterioration
  712   -   59   771 
Charge-offs
  (776)  -   (30)  (806)
 
 
                
Balance, December 31, 2010
  266   -   32   298 
Provision for losses due to credit deterioration
  11   -   (1)  10 
Charge-offs
  (43)  -   (8)  (51)
   
Balance, March 31, 2011
 $234   -   23   257 
 
COMMERCIAL PCI CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS The following table provides a breakdown of commercial PCI loans by risk category.
 
                     
 
  
Commercial
 Real Real    
  
and
 estate estate    

(in millions)
 industrial mortgage construction Foreign Total
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
By risk category:
                    
Pass
 $227   530   87   204   1,048 
Criticized
  381   2,434   2,360   1,284   6,459 
 
 
                    
Total commercial PCI loans
 $608   2,964   2,447   1,488   7,507 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010
                    
 
                    
By risk category:
                    
Pass
 $214   352   128   210   904 
Criticized
  504   2,503   2,821   1,203   7,031 
 
 
                    
Total commercial PCI loans
 $718   2,855   2,949   1,413   7,935 
 
     The following table provides past due information for commercial PCI loans.
                     
 
  
Commercial
 Real Real    
  
and
 estate estate    

(in millions)
 industrial mortgage construction Foreign Total  
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
By delinquency status:
                    
Current-29 DPD
 $477   2,479   1,193   1,309   5,458 
30-89 DPD
  46   121   192   -   359 
90+ DPD and still accruing
  85   364   1,062   179   1,690 
 
 
                    
Total commercial PCI loans
 $608   2,964   2,447   1,488   7,507 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010
                    
 
                    
By delinquency status:
                    
Current-29 DPD
 $612   2,295   1,395   1,209   5,511 
30-89 DPD
  22   113   178   -   313 
90+ DPD and still accruing
  84   447   1,376   204   2,111 
 
 
                    
Total commercial PCI loans
 $718   2,855   2,949   1,413   7,935 
 

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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)
 
CONSUMER PCI CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS Our consumer PCI loans were aggregated into several pools of loans at acquisition. Below, we have provided credit quality indicators based on the individual loans included in the pool,
but we have not allocated the remaining purchase accounting adjustments, which were established at a pool level. The following table provides the delinquency status of consumer PCI loans.

                         
 
 
   March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 
  Real estate Real estate     Real estate Real estate  
  
1-4 family
 1-4 family     1-4 family 1-4 family  
  
first
 junior lien     first junior lien  

(in millions)
 mortgage mortgage Total mortgage mortgage Total
 
 
                        
By delinquency status:
                        
Current
 $28,664   249   28,913   29,253   357   29,610 
1-29 DPD
  42   57   99   44   79   123 
30-59 DPD
  3,207   20   3,227   3,586   30   3,616 
60-89 DPD
  1,185   11   1,196   1,364   17   1,381 
90-119 DPD
  779   8   787   881   13   894 
120-179 DPD
  1,353   13   1,366   1,346   19   1,365 
180+ DPD
  7,125   177   7,302   7,214   220   7,434 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans
 $42,355   535   42,890   43,688   735   44,423 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
 $32,241   239   32,480   33,245   250   33,495 
 

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The following table provides FICO scores for consumer PCI loans.
                         
 
 
   March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010
 
  Real estate Real estate     Real estate Real estate  
 
  1-4 family 1-4 family     1-4 family 1-4 family  
 
  first junior lien     first junior lien  
 
(in millions) mortgage mortgage Total mortgage mortgage Total
 
 
                        
By FICO:
                        
 
                        
< 600
 $20,959   282   21,241   22,334   363   22,697 
 
                        
600-639
  7,586   81   7,667   7,563   109   7,672 
 
                        
640-679
  6,374   78   6,452   6,185   96   6,281 
 
                        
680-719
  3,877   49   3,926   3,949   60   4,009 
 
                        
720-759
  1,966   14   1,980   2,057   17   2,074 
 
                        
760-799
  1,026   6   1,032   1,087   7   1,094 
 
                        
800+
  208   2   210   232   2   234 
 
                        
No FICO available
  359   23   382   281   81   362 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans
 $42,355   535   42,890   43,688   735   44,423 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
 $32,241   239   32,480   33,245   250   33,495 
 
The following table shows the distribution of consumer PCI loans by LTV for real estate 1-4 family first mortgages and by CLTV for real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgages.
 
 
   March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010
 
  Real estate Real estate     Real estate Real estate  
 
  1-4 family 1-4 family     1-4 family 1-4 family  
 
  first junior lien     first junior lien  
 
  mortgage mortgage     mortgage mortgage  
 
(in millions) by LTV by CLTV Total by LTV by CLTV Total
 
 
                        
By LTV/CLTV:
                        
 
                        
0-60%
 $1,280   32   1,312   1,653   43   1,696 
 
                        
60.01-80%
  4,623   57   4,680   5,513   42   5,555 
 
                        
80.01-100%
  11,416   82   11,498   11,861   89   11,950 
 
                        
100.01-120% (1)
  9,618   93   9,711   9,525   116   9,641 
 
                        
> 120% (1)
  15,295   269   15,564   15,047   314   15,361 
 
                        
No LTV/CLTV available
  123   2   125   89   131   220 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans
 $42,355   535   42,890   43,688   735   44,423 
 
 
                        
Total consumer PCI loans (carrying value)
 $32,241   239   32,480   33,245   250   33,495 
 
   
(1) Reflects total loan balances with LTV/CLTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV/CLTV.

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Note 6: Other Assets
 
The components of other assets were:
         
 
 
 Mar. 31,Dec. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010
 
 
        
Nonmarketable equity investments:
        
 
        
Cost method:
        
 
        
Private equity investments
 $3,117   3,240 
 
        
Federal bank stock
  5,129   5,254 
 
 
        
Total cost method
  8,246   8,494 
 
        
Equity method
  7,692   7,624 
Principal investments (1)
  302   305 
 
        
 
 
        
Total nonmarketable equity investments
  16,240   16,423 
 
        
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance
  19,924   19,845 
 
        
Accounts receivable
  19,126   23,763 
 
        
Interest receivable
  5,051   4,895 
 
        
Core deposit intangibles
  8,493   8,904 
 
        
Customer relationship and other amortized intangibles
  1,773   1,847 
Foreclosed assets:
        
 
        
Government insured/guaranteed (2)
  1,457   1,479 
 
        
Non-government insured/guaranteed
  4,055   4,530 
 
        
Operating lease assets
  1,785   1,873 
 
        
Due from customers on acceptances
  165   229 
 
        
Other
  15,668   15,993 
 
 
        
Total other assets
 $93,737   99,781 
 
   
(1) Principal investments are recorded at fair value with realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in net gains (losses) from equity investments in the income statement.
 
(2) These are foreclosed real estate securing FHA insured and VA guaranteed loans. Both principal and interest for these loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because they are insured/guaranteed.
      Income related to nonmarketable equity investments was:
         
 
 
    Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions)  2011   2010 
 
 
        
Net gains (losses) from:
        
 
        
Private equity investments
 $221   (1)
 
        
Principal investments
  18   9 
 
        
All other nonmarketable equity investments
  (60)  (17)
 
 
        
Net gains (losses) from nonmarketable equity investments
 $179   (9)
 


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Note 7: Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
 
Involvement with SPEs
In the normal course of business, we enter into various types of on- and off-balance sheet transactions with special purpose entities (SPEs), which are corporations, trusts or partnerships that are established for a limited purpose. Historically, the majority of SPEs were formed in connection with securitization transactions. In a securitization transaction, assets from our balance sheet are transferred to an SPE, which then issues to investors various forms of interests in those assets and may also enter into derivative transactions. In a securitization transaction, we typically receive cash and/or other interests in an SPE as proceeds for the assets we transfer. Also, in certain transactions, we may retain the right to service the transferred receivables and to repurchase those receivables from the SPE if the outstanding balance of the receivables falls to a level where the cost exceeds the benefits of servicing such receivables. In addition, we may purchase the right to service loans in an SPE that were transferred to the SPE by a third party.
      In connection with our securitization activities, we have various forms of ongoing involvement with SPEs, which may include:
 underwriting securities issued by SPEs and subsequently making markets in those securities;
 
 providing liquidity facilities to support short-term obligations of SPEs issued to third party investors;
 
 providing credit enhancement on securities issued by SPEs or market value guarantees of assets held by SPEs through the use of letters of credit, financial guarantees, credit default swaps and total return swaps;
 
 entering into other derivative contracts with SPEs;
 
 holding senior or subordinated interests in SPEs;
 
 acting as servicer or investment manager for SPEs; and
 
 providing administrative or trustee services to SPEs.
      SPEs are generally considered variable interest entities (VIEs). A VIE is an entity that has either a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity investors lack the ability to control the entity’s activities. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary, the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. A variable interest is a contractual, ownership or other interest that changes with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. To determine whether or not a variable interest we hold could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of our involvement with the VIE. We assess whether or not we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an on-going basis.
      We have segregated our involvement with VIEs between those VIEs which we consolidate, those which we do not consolidate and transfers of financial assets that are accounted for as secured borrowings. Secured borrowings are transactions involving transfers of our financial assets to third parties that are accounted for as financings with the assets pledged as collateral. Accordingly, the transferred assets remain recognized on our balance sheet. Subsequent tables within this Note further segregate these transactions by structure type.


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      The classifications of assets and liabilities in our balance sheet associated with our transactions with VIEs follow:
                 
 
 
          Transfers that  
 
  VIEs that we VIEs we account  
 
  do not that we for as secured  
 
(in millions) consolidate consolidate borrowings Total
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
                
 
                
Cash
 $-   154   480   634 
 
                
Trading assets
  4,808   98   30   4,936 
 
                
Securities available for sale (1)
  21,065   2,377   8,459   31,901 
 
                
Loans held for sale
  -   53   -   53 
 
                
Loans
  12,205   15,407   1,480   29,092 
 
                
Mortgage servicing rights
  14,432   -   -   14,432 
 
                
Other assets
  3,831   1,467   114   5,412 
 
 
                
Total assets
  56,341   19,556   10,563   86,460 
 
 
                
Short-term borrowings
  -   3,608  (2) 8,455   12,063 
 
                
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  3,417   660  (2) 16   4,093 
 
                
Long-term debt
  -   7,173  (2) 1,681   8,854 
 
 
                
Total liabilities
  3,417   11,441   10,152   25,010 
 
 
                
Noncontrolling interests
  -   20   -   20 
 
 
                
Net assets
 $52,924   8,095   411   61,430 
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
                
 
                
Cash
 $-   200   398   598 
 
                
Trading assets
  5,351   143   32   5,526 
 
                
Securities available for sale (1)
  24,001   2,159   7,834   33,994 
 
                
Loans
  12,401   16,708   1,613   30,722 
 
                
Mortgage servicing rights
  13,261   -   -   13,261 
 
                
Other assets
  3,783   2,039   90   5,912 
 
 
                
Total assets
  58,797   21,249   9,967   90,013 
 
 
                
Short-term borrowings
  -   3,636  (2) 7,773   11,409 
 
                
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  3,514   716  (2) 14   4,244 
 
                
Long-term debt
  -   8,377  (2) 1,700   10,077 
 
 
                
Total liabilities
  3,514   12,729   9,487   25,730 
 
 
                
Noncontrolling interests
  -   40   -   40 
 
 
                
Net assets
 $55,283   8,480   480   64,243 
 
   
(1) Excludes certain debt securities related to loans serviced for the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) and GNMA.
 
(2) Includes the following VIE liabilities at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, with recourse to the general credit of Wells Fargo: Short-term borrowings, $3.6 billion and $3.6 billion; Accrued expenses and other liabilities, $570 million and $645 million; and Long-term debt, $53 million and $53 million.
Transactions with Unconsolidated VIEs
Our transactions with VIEs include securitizations of consumer loans, CRE loans, student loans, auto loans and municipal bonds; investment and financing activities involving CDOs backed by asset-backed and CRE securities, collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) backed by corporate loans, and other types of structured financing. We have various forms of involvement with VIEs, including holding senior or subordinated interests, entering into liquidity arrangements, credit default swaps and other derivative contracts. These involvements with unconsolidated VIEs are recorded on our balance sheet primarily in trading assets, securities available for sale, loans, MSRs, other assets and other liabilities, as appropriate.
      The following tables provide a summary of unconsolidated VIEs with which we have significant continuing involvement, but are not the primary beneficiary. The balances presented represent our unconsolidated VIEs for which we consider our involvement to be significant. Our definition of significant continuing involvement excludes unconsolidated VIEs when our continuing involvement relates to third-party sponsored VIEs for which we were not the transferor, and unconsolidated VIEs for which we were the sponsor but do not have any other significant continuing involvement.
      Significant continuing involvement includes transactions where we were the sponsor or transferor and have other significant forms of involvement. Sponsorship includes transactions with unconsolidated VIEs where we solely or materially participated in the initial design or structuring of the entity or marketing of the transaction to investors. When we


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transfer assets to a VIE and account for the transfer as a sale, we are considered the transferor. We consider investments in securities held outside of trading, loans, guarantees, liquidity agreements, written options and servicing of collateral to be other forms of involvement that may be significant. We have excluded certain transactions with unconsolidated VIEs from the balances presented in the table below where we have determined
that our continuing involvement is not significant due to the temporary nature and size of our variable interests, because we were not the transferor or because we were not involved in the design or operations of the unconsolidated VIEs.

                         
 
 
                  Other  
 
  Total Debt and         commitments  
 
  VIE equity Servicing     and Net
 
(in millions) assets interests (1) assets Derivatives guarantees assets
 
 
                        
March 31, 2011
                        
 
                        
      Carrying value - asset (liability)
      
 
Residential mortgage loan
securitizations:
                        
 
                        
Conforming
 $1,108,820   5,282   13,248   -   (898)  17,632 
 
                        
Other/nonconforming
  68,234   2,777   525   4   (129)  3,177 
 
                        
Commercial mortgage securitizations
  188,172   5,553   617   240   -   6,410 
 
                        
Collateralized debt obligations:
                        
 
                        
Debt securities
  18,257   1,317   -   598   -   1,915 
 
                        
Loans (2)
  9,986   9,736   -   -   -   9,736 
 
                        
Asset-based finance structures
  9,310   4,511   -   (96)  -   4,415 
 
                        
Tax credit structures
  18,805   3,662   -   -   (1,168)  2,494 
 
                        
Collateralized loan obligations
  12,435   2,718   -   60   -   2,778 
 
                        
Investment funds
  8,575   1,459   -   -   -   1,459 
 
                        
Other (3)
  18,278   2,553   42   314   (1)  2,908 
 
 
                        
Total
 $1,460,872   39,568   14,432   1,120   (2,196)  52,924 
 
 
                        
 
                        
      Maximum exposure to loss
      
 
                        
 
Residential mortgage loan
securitizations:
                        
 
                        
Conforming
     $ 5,282   13,248   -   3,516   22,046 
 
                        
Other/nonconforming
      2,777   525   4   196   3,502 
 
                        
Commercial mortgage securitizations
      5,553   617   441   -   6,611 
 
                        
Collateralized debt obligations:
                        
 
                        
Debt securities
      1,317   -   2,528   -   3,845 
 
                        
Loans (2)
      9,736   -   -   -   9,736 
Asset-based finance structures
      4,511   -   96   2,484   7,091 
 
                        
Tax credit structures
      3,662   -   -   -   3,662 
 
                        
Collateralized loan obligations
      2,718   -   60   576   3,354 
 
                        
Investment funds
      1,459   -   -   57   1,516 
 
                        
Other (3)
      2,553   42   789   150   3,534 
 
 
                        
Total
     $ 39,568   14,432   3,918   6,979   64,897 
 
(continued on following page)

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(continued from previous page)
                         
 
 
                  Other  
 
  Total Debt and         commitments  
 
  VIE equity Servicing     and Net
 
(in millions) assets interests (1) assets Derivatives guarantees assets
 
 
                        
December 31, 2010
                        
 
                        
      Carrying value - asset (liability)
      
 
Residential mortgage loan securitizations:
                        
 
                        
Conforming
 $1,068,737   5,527   12,115   -   (928)  16,714 
 
                        
Other/nonconforming
  76,304   2,997   495   6   (107)  3,391 
 
                        
Commercial mortgage securitizations
  190,377   5,506   608   261   -   6,375 
 
                        
Collateralized debt obligations:
                        
 
                        
Debt securities
  20,046   1,436   -   844   -   2,280 
 
                        
Loans (2)
  9,970   9,689   -   -   -   9,689 
 
                        
Asset-based finance structures
  12,055   6,556   -   (118)  -   6,438 
 
                        
Tax credit structures
  20,981   3,614   -   -   (1,129)  2,485 
 
                        
Collateralized loan obligations
  13,196   2,804   -   56   -   2,860 
 
                        
Investment funds
  10,522   1,416   -   -   -   1,416 
 
                        
Other (3)
  20,031   3,221   43   377   (6)  3,635 
 
 
                        
Total
 $1,442,219   42,766   13,261   1,426   (2,170)  55,283 
 
 
                        
      Maximum exposure to loss
      
 
                        
Residential mortgage loan securitizations:
                        
 
                        
Conforming
    $ 5,527   12,115   -   4,248   21,890 
 
                        
Other/nonconforming
      2,997   495   6   233   3,731 
 
                        
Commercial mortgage securitizations
      5,506   608   488   -   6,602 
 
                        
Collateralized debt obligations:
                        
 
                        
Debt securities
      1,436   -   2,850   7   4,293 
 
                        
Loans (2)
      9,689   -   -   -   9,689 
 
                        
Asset-based finance structures
      6,556   -   118   2,175   8,849 
 
                        
Tax credit structures
      3,614   -   -   1   3,615 
 
                        
Collateralized loan obligations
      2,804   -   56   519   3,379 
 
                        
Investment funds
      1,416   -   -   87   1,503 
 
                        
Other (3)
      3,221   43   916   162   4,342 
 
 
                        
Total
    $ 42,766   13,261   4,434   7,432   67,893 
 
   
(1) Excludes certain debt securities held related to loans serviced for FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA.
 
(2) Represents senior loans to trusts that are collateralized by asset-backed securities. The trusts invest primarily in senior tranches from a diversified pool of primarily U.S. asset securitizations, of which all are current, and over 92% were rated as investment grade by the primary rating agencies at March 31, 2011. These senior loans were acquired in the Wachovia business combination and are accounted for at amortized cost as initially determined under purchase accounting and are subject to the Company’s allowance and credit charge-off policies.
 
(3) Includes student loan securitizations, auto loan securitizations and credit-linked note structures. Also contains investments in auction rate securities (ARS) issued by VIEs that we do not sponsor and, accordingly, are unable to obtain the total assets of the entity.

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      In the two preceding tables, “Total VIE assets” represents the remaining principal balance of assets held by unconsolidated VIEs using the most current information available. For VIEs that obtain exposure to assets synthetically through derivative instruments, the remaining notional amount of the derivative is included in the asset balance. “Carrying value” is the amount in our consolidated balance sheet related to our involvement with the unconsolidated VIEs. “Maximum exposure to loss” from our involvement with off-balance sheet entities, which is a required disclosure under GAAP, is determined as the carrying value of our involvement with off-balance sheet (unconsolidated) VIEs plus the remaining undrawn liquidity and lending commitments, the notional amount of net written derivative contracts, and generally the notional amount of, or stressed loss estimate for, other commitments and guarantees. It represents estimated loss that would be incurred under severe, hypothetical circumstances, for which we believe the possibility is extremely remote, such as where the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero, without any consideration of recovery or offset from any economic hedges. Accordingly, this required disclosure is not an indication of expected loss.
RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOANS Residential mortgage loan securitizations are financed through the issuance of fixed- or floating-rate-asset-backed-securities, which are collateralized by the loans transferred to a VIE. We typically transfer loans we originated to these VIEs, account for the transfers as sales, retain the right to service the loans and may hold other beneficial interests issued by the VIEs. We also may be exposed to limited liability related to recourse agreements and repurchase agreements we make to our issuers and purchasers, which are included in other commitments and guarantees. In certain instances, we may service residential mortgage loan securitizations structured by third parties whose loans we did not originate or transfer. Our residential mortgage loan securitizations consist of conforming and nonconforming securitizations.
      Conforming residential mortgage loan securitizations are those that are guaranteed by GSEs, including GNMA. We do not consolidate our conforming residential mortgage loan securitizations because we do not have power over the VIEs.
      The loans sold to the VIEs in nonconforming residential mortgage loan securitizations are those that do not qualify for a GSE guarantee. We do not consolidate the nonconforming residential mortgage loan securitizations included in the table because we do not have a variable interest that could potentially be significant or we do not have power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE.
      Other commitments and guarantees include amounts related to loans sold that we may be required to repurchase, or otherwise indemnify or reimburse the investor or insurer for losses incurred, due to material breach of contractual representations and warranties. The maximum exposure to loss for material breach of contractual representations and warranties represents a stressed case estimate we utilize for determining stressed case regulatory capital needs.
COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE LOAN SECURITIZATIONS Commercial mortgage loan securitizations are financed through the issuance of fixed- or floating-rate-asset-backed-securities, which are collateralized by the loans transferred to the VIE. In a typical securitization, we may transfer loans we originate to these VIEs, account for the transfers as sales, retain the right to service the loans and may hold other beneficial interests issued by the VIEs. In certain instances, we may service commercial mortgage loan securitizations structured by third parties whose loans we did not originate or transfer. We typically serve as primary or master servicer of these VIEs. The primary or master servicer in a commercial mortgage loan securitization typically cannot make the most significant decisions impacting the performance of the VIE and therefore does not have power over the VIE. We do not consolidate the commercial mortgage loan securitizations included in the disclosure because we either do not have power or do not have a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (CDOs) A CDO is a securitization where an SPE purchases a pool of assets consisting of asset-backed securities and issues multiple tranches of equity or notes to investors. In some transactions, a portion of the assets are obtained synthetically through the use of derivatives such as credit default swaps or total return swaps.
      Prior to 2008, we engaged in the structuring of CDOs on behalf of third party asset managers who would select and manage the assets for the CDO. Typically, the asset manager has some discretion to manage the sale of assets of, or derivatives used by the CDO, which generally gives the asset manager the power over the CDO. We have not structured these types of transactions since the credit market disruption began in late 2007.
      In addition to our role as arranger we may have other forms of involvement with these transactions, including transactions established prior to 2008. Such involvement may include acting as liquidity provider, derivative counterparty, secondary market maker or investor. For certain transactions, we may also act as the collateral manager or servicer. We receive fees in connection with our role as collateral manager or servicer.
      We assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of CDOs based on our role in the transaction in combination with the variable interests we hold. Subsequently, we monitor our ongoing involvement in these transactions to determine if the nature of our involvement has changed. We are not the primary beneficiary of these transactions in most cases because we do not act as the collateral manager or servicer, which generally denotes power. In cases where we are the collateral manager or servicer, we are not the primary beneficiary because we do not hold interests that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS (CLOs) A CLO is a securitization where an SPE purchases a pool of assets consisting of loans and issues multiple tranches of equity or notes to investors. Generally, CLOs are structured on behalf of a third party asset manager that typically selects and manages the assets for the term of the CLO. Typically, the asset manager has the power over the significant decisions of the VIE through its


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discretion to manage the assets of the CLO. We assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of CLOs based on our role in the transaction and the variable interests we hold. In most cases, we are not the primary beneficiary of these transactions because we do not have the power to manage the collateral in the VIE.
      In addition to our role as arranger, we may have other forms of involvement with these transactions. Such involvement may include acting as underwriter, derivative counterparty, secondary market maker or investor. For certain transactions, we may also act as the servicer, for which we receive fees in connection with that role. We also earn fees for arranging these transactions and distributing the securities.
ASSET-BASED FINANCE STRUCTURES We engage in various forms of structured finance arrangements with VIEs that are collateralized by various asset classes including energy contracts, auto and other transportation leases, intellectual property, equipment and general corporate credit. We typically provide senior financing, and may act as an interest rate swap or commodity derivative counterparty when necessary. In most cases, we are not the primary beneficiary of these structures because we do not have power over the significant activities of the VIEs involved in these transactions.
      For example, we have investments in asset-backed securities that are collateralized by auto leases or loans and cash reserves. These fixed-rate and variable-rate securities have been structured as single-tranche, fully amortizing, unrated bonds that are equivalent to investment-grade securities due to their significant overcollateralization. The securities are issued by VIEs that have been formed by third party auto financing institutions primarily because they require a source of liquidity to fund ongoing vehicle sales operations. The third party auto financing institutions manage the collateral in the VIEs, which is indicative of power in these transactions and we therefore do not consolidate these VIEs.
TAX CREDIT STRUCTURES We co-sponsor and make investments in affordable housing and sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits. In some instances, our investments in these structures may require that we fund future capital commitments at the discretion of the project sponsors. While the size of our investment in a single entity may at times exceed 50% of the outstanding equity interests, we do not consolidate these structures due to the project sponsor’s ability to manage the projects, which is indicative of power in these transactions.
INVESTMENT FUNDS At March 31, 2011, we had investments of $1.5 billion and no lending arrangements with certain funds managed by one of our majority owned subsidiaries compared with investments of $1.4 billion and lending arrangements of $14 million at December 31, 2010. In addition, we also provide a default protection agreement to a third party lender to one of these funds. Our involvement in these funds is either senior or of equal priority to third party investors. We do not consolidate the investment funds because we do not absorb the majority of the expected future variability associated with the funds’ assets,
including variability associated with credit, interest rate and liquidity risks.
OTHER TRANSACTIONS WITH VIEs In August 2008, Wachovia reached an agreement to purchase at par auction rate securities (ARS) that were sold to third-party investors by certain of its subsidiaries. ARS are debt instruments with long-term maturities, but which re-price more frequently, and preferred equities with no maturity. All remaining ARS issued by VIEs subject to the agreement were redeemed. At March 31, 2011, we held in our securities available-for-sale portfolio $1.3 billion of ARS issued by VIEs redeemed pursuant to this agreement, compared with $1.6 billion at December 31, 2010.
      On November 18, 2009, we reached agreements to purchase additional ARS from eligible investors who bought ARS through one of our broker-dealer subsidiaries. All remaining ARS issued by VIEs subject to the agreement were redeemed. As of March 31, 2011, we held in our securities available-for-sale portfolio $809 million of ARS issued by VIEs redeemed pursuant to this agreement, compared with $901 million at December 31, 2010.
      We do not consolidate the VIEs that issued the ARS because we do not have power over the activities of the VIEs.
TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES In addition to the involvements disclosed in the preceding table, through the issuance of trust preferred securities we had $16.7 billion and $19.3 billion of junior subordinated debt financing at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and $2.5 billion of preferred stock at March 31, 2011. In these transactions, VIEs that we wholly own issue debt securities or preferred equity to third party investors. All of the proceeds of the issuance are invested in debt securities or preferred equity that we issue to the VIEs. The VIEs’ operations and cash flows relate only to the issuance, administration and repayment of the securities held by third parties. We do not consolidate these VIEs because the sole assets of the VIEs are receivables from us. This is the case even though we own all of the voting equity shares of the VIEs, have fully guaranteed the obligations of the VIEs and may have the right to redeem the third party securities under certain circumstances. We report the debt securities issued to the VIEs as long-term debt and the preferred equity securities issued to the VIEs as preferred stock in our consolidated balance sheet.
      In first quarter 2011, we issued notice to call $3.2 billion of trust preferred securities that will no longer count as Tier 1 capital under the Dodd-Frank Act and the Basel Committee recommendations known as the Basel III standards.


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Securitization Activity Related to Unconsolidated VIEs
We use VIEs to securitize consumer and CRE loans and other types of financial assets, including student loans, auto loans and municipal bonds. We typically retain the servicing rights from these sales and may continue to hold other beneficial interests in the VIEs. We may also provide liquidity to investors in the beneficial interests and credit enhancements in the form of standby letters of credit. Through these securitizations we may
be exposed to liability under limited amounts of recourse as well as standard representations and warranties we make to purchasers and issuers.
      We recognized net gains of $34 million from transfers accounted for as sales of financial assets in securitizations in first quarter 2011, and net gains of $2 million in first quarter 2010. Additionally, we had the following cash flows with our securitization trusts that were involved in transfers accounted for as sales.

                 
 
 
  2011 2010
 
      Other     Other
 
  Mortgage financial Mortgage financial
 
(in millions) loans assets loans assets
 
 
Quarter ended March 31,
                
 
                
Sales proceeds from securitizations (1)
 $100,241   -   82,322   - 
 
                
Servicing fees
  1,088   3   1,040   9 
 
                
Other interests held
  503   87   407   112 
 
                
Purchases of delinquent assets
  3   -   -   - 
 
                
Net servicing advances
  (9)  -   19   - 
 
                
 
   
(1) Represents cash flow data for all loans securitized in the period presented.
     Sales with continuing involvement during the first quarter of 2011 predominantly related to conforming residential mortgage securitizations. During first quarter 2011 we transferred $101.4 billion in fair value of conforming residential mortgages to unconsolidated VIEs and recorded the transfers as sales. These transfers did not result in a gain or loss because the loans are
already carried at fair value. In connection with these transfers, in first quarter 2011 we recorded a $1.3 billion servicing asset and a $35 million liability for repurchase reserves, which are both initially measured at fair value.
      We used the following key assumptions to measure mortgage servicing assets at the date of securitization:


 
 
  2011 2010
 
 
        
Quarter ended March 31,
        
 
        
Prepayment speed (annual CPR (1))
  11.4 % 12.4 
 
        
Life (in years)
  6.4   5.8 
 
        
Discount rate
  7.9 % 8.2 
 
        
 
   
(1) Constant prepayment rate.


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      Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at March 31, 2011, for residential and commercial mortgage servicing rights, and other interests held related primarily to residential mortgage loan securitizations are presented in the following table. In the following table “Other interests held” exclude securities retained in securitizations issued through GSEs such as FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA because we do not
believe the value of these securities would be materially affected by the adverse changes in assumptions noted in the table. Subordinated interests include only those bonds whose credit rating was below AAA by a major rating agency at issuance. Senior interests include only those bonds whose credit rating was AAA by a major rating agency at issuance. The information presented excludes trading positions held in inventory.

                 
 
 
      Other interests held
 
  Mortgage Interest-    
 
  servicing only Subordinated Senior
 
(in millions) rights strips bonds bonds
 
 
                
Fair value of interests held at March 31, 2011
 $17,546   231   47   420 
 
                
Expected weighted-average life (in years)
  5.6   5.9   7.3   5.9 
 
                
Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR)
  11.9 % 10.0   5.9   12.4 
 
                
Decrease in fair value from:
                
 
                
10% adverse change
 $880   6   -   1 
 
                
25% adverse change
  2,075   14   1   3 
 
                
Discount rate assumption
  7.8 % 17.1   13.6   6.4 
 
                
Decrease in fair value from:
                
 
                
100 basis point increase
 $870   7   3   17 
 
                
200 basis point increase
  1,664   13   5   34 
 
                
Credit loss assumption
          1.2 % 3.8 
 
                
Decrease in fair value from:
                
 
                
10% higher losses
         $-   1 
 
                
25% higher losses
          -   2 
 
 

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      The sensitivities in the preceding table are hypothetical and caution should be exercised when relying on this data. Changes in value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the assumption to the change in value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the value of the other interests held is calculated independently without changing any other assumptions. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in others (for example, changes in prepayment speed estimates could result in changes in the credit losses), which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
      The following table presents information about the principal balances of off-balance sheet securitized loans, including residential mortgages sold to FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA and securitizations where servicing is our only form of continuing involvement. Delinquent loans include loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest as well as nonaccrual loans. Delinquent loans and net charge-offs exclude loans sold to FNMA, FHLMC and GNMA. We continue to service those loans and would only experience a loss if required to repurchase a delinquent loan due to a breach in original representations and warranties associated with their required underwriting standards.


                         
 
 
                  Net charge-offs
 
  Total loans Delinquent loans Three months
  Mar. 31, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, Dec. 31, ended Mar. 31,
 
(in millions) 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010
 
 
                        
Commercial:
                        
 
                        
Commercial and industrial
  $1   1   -   -   -   - 
 
                        
Real estate mortgage
  143,938   207,015   8,697   11,515   73   70 
 
 
                        
Total commercial
  143,939   207,016   8,697   11,515   73   70 
 
 
                        
Consumer:
                        
 
                        
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
  1,129,770   1,090,755   5,096   5,275   406   330 
 
                        
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
  1   1   -   -   -   - 
 
                        
Other revolving credit and installment
  2,408   2,454   102   102   -   - 
 
 
                        
Total consumer
  1,132,179   1,093,210   5,198   5,377   406   330 
 
 
                        
Total off-balance sheet securitized loans
  $1,276,118   1,300,226   13,895   16,892   479   400 
 

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Transactions with Consolidated VIEs and Secured Borrowings
The following table presents a summary of transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings and involvements with consolidated VIEs. “Consolidated assets” are presented using GAAP measurement methods, which may include fair
value, credit impairment or other adjustments, and therefore in some instances will differ from “Total VIE assets.” On the consolidated balance sheet, we separately disclose the consolidated assets of certain VIEs that can only be used to settle the liabilities of those VIEs.


 
                     
      Carrying value
 
  Total     Third    
  VIE Consolidated party Noncontrolling Net
(in millions) assets assets liabilities interests assets
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
Secured borrowings:
                    
Municipal tender option bond securitizations
 $11,391   8,510   (8,461)  -   49 
Auto loan securitizations
  129   129   -   -   129 
Commercial real estate loans
  1,336   1,336   (1,274)  -   62 
Residential mortgage securitizations
  664   588   (417)  -   171 
 
 
                    
Total secured borrowings
  13,520   10,563   (10,152)  -   411 
 
 
                    
Consolidated VIEs:
                    
Nonconforming residential mortgage loan securitizations
  13,267   12,442   (5,953)  -   6,489 
Multi-seller commercial paper conduit
  3,184   3,184   (3,254)  -   (70)
Auto loan securitizations
  610   610   (561)  -   49 
Structured asset finance
  145   145   (22)  -   123 
Investment funds
  1,175   1,175   (54)  (14)  1,107 
Other
  2,048   2,000   (1,597)  (6)  397 
 
 
                    
Total consolidated VIEs
  20,429   19,556   (11,441)  (20)  8,095 
 
 
                    
Total secured borrowings and consolidated VIEs
 $33,949   30,119   (21,593)  (20)  8,506 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010
                    
 
                    
Secured borrowings:
                    
Municipal tender option bond securitizations
 $10,687   7,874   (7,779)  -   95 
Auto loan securitizations
  154   154   -   -   154 
Commercial real estate loans
  1,321   1,321   (1,272)  -   49 
Residential mortgage securitizations
  700   618   (436)  -   182 
 
 
                    
Total secured borrowings
  12,862   9,967   (9,487)  -   480 
 
 
                    
Consolidated VIEs:
                    
Nonconforming residential mortgage loan securitizations
  14,518   13,529   (6,723)  -   6,806 
Multi-seller commercial paper conduit
  3,197   3,197   (3,279)  -   (82)
Auto loan securitizations
  1,010   1,010   (955)  -   55 
Structured asset finance
  146   146   (21)  (11)  114 
Investment funds
  1,197   1,197   (54)  (14)  1,129 
Other
  2,173   2,170   (1,697)  (15)  458 
 
 
                    
Total consolidated VIEs
  22,241   21,249   (12,729)  (40)  8,480 
 
 
                    
Total secured borrowings and consolidated VIEs
 $35,103   31,216   (22,216)  (40)  8,960 
 
     In addition to the transactions included in the table above, at March 31, 2011, we had issued approximately $6.0 billion of private placement debt financing through a consolidated VIE. The issuance is classified as long-term debt in our consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2011, we had pledged approximately $6.1 billion in loans, $446 million in securities available for sale and $178 million in cash and cash equivalents to collateralize the VIE’s borrowings. Such assets were not transferred to the VIE and accordingly we have excluded the VIE from the previous table.
     We have raised financing through the securitization of certain financial assets in transactions with VIEs accounted for as
secured borrowings. We also consolidate VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary. In certain transactions other than the multi-seller commercial paper conduit, we provide contractual support in the form of limited recourse and liquidity to facilitate the remarketing of short-term securities issued to third party investors. Other than this limited contractual support, the assets of the VIEs are the sole source of repayment of the securities held by third parties. The liquidity support we provide to the multi-seller commercial paper conduit ensures timely repayment of commercial paper issued by the conduit and is described further below.


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NONCONFORMING RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOAN SECURITIZATIONS We have consolidated certain of our nonconforming residential mortgage loan securitizations in accordance with consolidation accounting guidance. We have determined we are the primary beneficiary of these securitizations because we have the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity through our role as primary servicer and also hold variable interests that we have determined to be significant. The nature of our variable interests in these entities may include beneficial interests issued by the VIE, mortgage servicing rights and recourse or repurchase reserve liabilities.
MULTI-SELLER COMMERCIAL PAPER CONDUIT We administer a multi-seller asset-based commercial paper conduit that finances certain client transactions. This conduit is a bankruptcy remote entity that makes loans to, or purchases certificated interests, generally from SPEs, established by our clients (sellers) and which are secured by pools of financial assets. The conduit funds itself through the issuance of highly rated commercial paper to third party investors. The primary source of repayment of the commercial paper is the cash flows from the conduit’s assets or the re-issuance of commercial paper upon maturity. The conduit’s assets are structured with deal-specific credit enhancements generally in the form of overcollateralization provided by the seller, but may also include subordinated interests, cash reserve accounts, third party credit support facilities and excess spread capture. The timely repayment of the commercial paper is further supported by asset-specific liquidity facilities in the form of liquidity asset purchase agreements that we provide. Each facility is equal to 102% of the conduit’s funding commitment to a client. The aggregate amount of liquidity must be equal to or greater than all the commercial paper issued by the conduit. At the discretion of the administrator, we may be required to purchase assets from the conduit at par value plus accrued interest or discount on the related commercial paper, including situations where the conduit is unable to issue commercial paper. Par value may be different from fair value.
     We receive fees in connection with our role as administrator and liquidity provider. We may also receive fees related to the structuring of the conduit’s transactions. In 2010, the conduit terminated its subordinated note to a third party investor and repaid all amounts due under the terms of the note agreement. We are the primary beneficiary of the conduit because we have power over the significant activities of the conduit and have a significant variable interest due to our liquidity arrangement.
      


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Note 8: Mortgage Banking Activities
Mortgage banking activities, included in the Community Banking and Wholesale Banking operating segments, consist of residential and commercial mortgage originations and servicing.
     We apply the amortization method to all commercial and some residential MSRs and apply the fair value method to only residential MSRs. The changes in MSRs measured using the fair value method were:


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Fair value, beginning of period
 $14,467   16,004 
Adjustments from adoption of consolidation accounting guidance
  -   (118)
Servicing from securitizations or asset transfers
  1,262   1,054 
 
 
        
Net additions
  1,262   936 
 
 
        
Changes in fair value:
        
Due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions (1)
  499   (777)
Other changes in fair value (2)
  (580)  (619)
 
 
        
Total changes in fair value
  (81)  (1,396)
 
 
        
Fair value, end of period
 $15,648   15,544 
 
(1) Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates, and costs to service, including delinquency and foreclosure costs.
 
(2) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.
The changes in amortized MSRs were:
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Balance, beginning of period
 $1,422   1,119 
Adjustments from adoption of consolidation accounting guidance
  -   (5)
Purchases
  45   1 
Servicing from securitizations or asset transfers
  29   11 
Amortization
  (64)  (57)
 
 
        
Balance, end of period (1)
  1,432   1,069 
 
 
        
Valuation allowance:
        
Balance, beginning of period
  (3)  - 
Provision for MSRs in excess of fair value
  (6)  - 
 
 
        
Balance, end of period (2)
  (9)  - 
 
 
        
Amortized MSRs, net
 $1,423   1,069 
 
 
        
Fair value of amortized MSRs:
        
Beginning of period
 $1,812   1,261 
End of period (3)
  1,898   1,283 
 
        
 
(1) Includes $390 million in residential amortized MSRs at March 31, 2011. The March 31, 2010 balance is commercial amortized MSRs. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, the residential MSR amortization was $(10) million.
 
(2) Commercial amortized MSRs are evaluated for impairment purposes by the following risk strata: agency (GSEs) and non-agency. There was no valuation allowance recorded for the periods presented on the commercial amortized MSRs. Residential amortized MSRs are evaluated for impairment purposes by the following risk strata: Mortgages sold to GSEs (FHLMC and FNMA) and mortgages sold to GNMA, each by interest rate stratifications. A valuation allowance of $9 million was recorded on the residential amortized MSRs at March 31, 2011.
 
(3) Includes fair value of $445 million in residential amortized MSRs and $1,453 million in commercial amortized MSRs at March 31, 2011.

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     We present the components of our managed servicing portfolio in the following table at unpaid principal balance for
loans serviced and subserviced for others and at book value for owned loans serviced.


 
         
  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31, 
 
(in billions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Residential mortgage servicing:
        
Serviced for others
 $1,453   1,429 
Owned loans serviced
  346   371 
Subservicing
  9   9 
 
 
        
Total residential servicing
  1,808   1,809 
 
 
        
Commercial mortgage servicing:
        
Serviced for others
  406   408 
Owned loans serviced
  101   99 
Subservicing
  14   13 
 
 
        
Total commercial servicing
  521   520 
 
 
        
Total managed servicing portfolio
 $2,329   2,329 
 
 
        
Total serviced for others
 $1,859   1,837 
Ratio of MSRs to related loans serviced for others
  0.92 %  0.86 
 
        
 
     The components of mortgage banking noninterest income were:
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Servicing income, net:
        
Servicing fees (1)
 $1,137   1,053 
Changes in fair value of MSRs carried at fair value:
        
Due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions (2)
  499   (777)
Other changes in fair value (3)
  (580)  (619)
 
 
        
Total changes in fair value of MSRs carried at fair value
  (81)  (1,396)
Amortization
  (64)  (57)
Provision for MSRs in excess of fair value
  (6)  - 
Net derivative gains (losses) from economic hedges (4)
  (120)  1,766 
 
 
        
Total servicing income, net
  866   1,366 
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities
  1,150   1,104 
 
 
        
Total mortgage banking noninterest income
 $2,016   2,470 
 
 
        
Market-related valuation changes to MSRs, net of hedge results (2) + (4)
 $379   989 
 
        
 
(1) Amounts are presented net of certain unreimbursed direct servicing obligations primarily associated with workout activities.
 
(2) Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates and costs to service, including delinquency and foreclosure costs.
 
(3) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.
 
(4) Represents results from free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of MSRs. See Note 12 – Free-Standing Derivatives for additional discussion and detail.

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     In addition, servicing fees in the previous table included:
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Contractually specified servicing fees
   $1,145   1,107 
Late charges
  94   90 
Ancillary fees
  89   106 
 
        
 
     The table below summarizes the changes in our liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses. This liability is in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” in our consolidated financial statements and the provision for repurchase losses reduces net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities.
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Balance, beginning of period
   $1,289   1,033 
Provision for repurchase losses:
        
Loan sales
  35   44 
Change in estimate – primarily due to credit deterioration
  214   358 
 
 
        
Total additions
  249   402 
 
        
Losses
  (331)  (172)
 
 
        
Balance, end of period
   $1,207   1,263 
 
      


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Note 9: Intangible Assets
The gross carrying value of intangible assets and accumulated amortization was:
 
                         
   
 
  March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 
  Gross     Net Gross     Net
  carrying Accumulated carrying carrying Accumulated carrying
(in millions) value amortization value value amortization value
 
 
                        
Amortized intangible assets:
                        
MSRs (1)
   $2,199   (776)  1,423   2,131   (712)  1,419 
Core deposit intangibles
  15,079   (6,586)  8,493   15,133   (6,229)  8,904 
Customer relationship and other intangibles
  3,077   (1,304)  1,773   3,077   (1,230)  1,847 
 
 
                        
Total amortized intangible assets
   $20,355   (8,666)  11,689   20,341   (8,171)  12,170 
 
 
                        
MSRs (carried at fair value) (1)
   $15,648       15,648   14,467       14,467 
Goodwill
  24,777       24,777   24,770       24,770 
Trademark
  14       14   14       14 
 
                        
 
(1) See Note 8 for additional information on MSRs.
     We based our projections of amortization expense shown below on existing asset balances at March 31, 2011. Future amortization expense may vary from these projections.
     The following table provides the current year and estimated future amortization expense for amortized intangible assets.
 
                 
          Customer  
      Core relationship  
  Amortized deposit and other  
(in millions) MSRs intangibles intangibles Total
 
 
                
Three months ended March 31, 2011 (actual)
 $64   412   73   549 
 
 
                
Estimate for the remainder of 2011
 $171   1,182   213   1,566 
Estimate for year ended December 31,
                
2012
  221   1,396   269   1,886 
2013
  190   1,241   249   1,680 
2014
  165   1,113   234   1,512 
2015
  147   1,022   212   1,381 
 
                
 
     For our goodwill impairment analysis, we allocate all of the goodwill to the individual operating segments. We identify reporting units that are one level below an operating segment (referred to as a component), and distinguish these reporting units based on how the segments and components are managed, taking into consideration the economic characteristics, nature of
the products and customers of the components. We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on relative fair value, using certain performance metrics. See Note 17 for further information on management reporting.
     The following table shows the allocation of goodwill to our operating segments for purposes of goodwill impairment testing.


 
                 
          Wealth,  
  Community Wholesale Brokerage and Consolidated
(in millions) Banking Banking Retirement Company
 
 
                
December 31, 2009
 $17,974   6,465   373   24,812 
Goodwill from business combinations
  -   7   -   7 
 
 
                
March 31, 2010
 $17,974   6,472   373   24,819 
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
 $17,922   6,475   373   24,770 
Goodwill from business combinations
  -   7   -   7 
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
 $17,922   6,482   373   24,777 
 

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Note 10: Guarantees, Pledged Assets and Collateral
Guarantees are contracts that contingently require us to make payments to a guaranteed party based on an event or a change in an underlying asset, liability, rate or index. Guarantees are generally in the form of standby letters of credit, securities lending and other indemnifications, liquidity agreements,
written put options, recourse obligations, residual value guarantees, and contingent consideration. The following table shows carrying value, maximum exposure to loss on our guarantees and the amount with a higher risk of performance.


 
                         
  March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
 
      Maximum  Non-      Maximum  Non- 
  Carrying  exposure  investment  Carrying  exposure  investment 
(in millions) value  to loss  grade  value  to loss  grade 
 
 
                        
Standby letters of credit
 $115   42,564   20,327   142   42,159   19,596 
Securities lending and other indemnifications
  21   14,682   3,416   45   13,645   3,993 
Liquidity agreements (1)
  -   -   2   -   49   1 
Written put options (1)(2)
  647   7,718   2,405   747   8,134   2,615 
Loans and MHFS sold with recourse
  116   5,831   3,692   119   5,474   3,564 
Residual value guarantees
  8   197   -   8   197   - 
Contingent consideration
  23   97   95   23   118   116 
Other guarantees
  1   179   -   -   73   - 
 
 
                        
Total guarantees
 $931   71,268   29,937   1,084   69,849   29,885 
 
(1) Certain of these agreements included in this table are related to off-balance sheet entities and, accordingly, are also disclosed in Note 7.
 
(2) Written put options, which are in the form of derivatives, are also included in the derivative disclosures in Note 12.

     “Maximum exposure to loss” and “Non-investment grade” are required disclosures under GAAP. Non-investment grade represents those guarantees on which we have a higher risk of being required to perform under the terms of the guarantee. If the underlying assets under the guarantee are non-investment grade (that is, an external rating that is below investment grade or an internal credit default grade that is equivalent to a below investment grade external rating), we consider the risk of performance to be high. Internal credit default grades are determined based upon the same credit policies that we use to evaluate the risk of payment or performance when making loans and other extensions of credit. These credit policies are more fully described in Note 5.
     Maximum exposure to loss represents the estimated loss that would be incurred under an assumed hypothetical circumstance, despite what we believe is its extremely remote possibility, where the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero, without any consideration of recovery or offset from any economic hedges. Accordingly, this required disclosure is not an indication of expected loss. We believe the carrying value, which is either fair value or cost adjusted for incurred credit losses, is more representative of our exposure to loss than maximum exposure to loss.
STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT We issue standby letters of credit, which include performance and financial guarantees, for customers in connection with contracts between our customers and third parties. Standby letters of credit are agreements where we are obligated to make payment to a third party on behalf of a customer in the event the customer fails to meet their contractual obligations. We consider the credit risk in standby letters of credit and commercial and similar letters of credit in determining the allowance for credit losses.
SECURITIES LENDING AND OTHER INDEMNIFICATIONS As a securities lending agent, we lend securities from participating institutional clients’ portfolios to third-party borrowers. We indemnify our clients against default by the borrower in returning these lent securities. This indemnity is supported by collateral received from the borrowers. Collateral is generally in the form of cash or highly liquid securities that are marked to market daily. There was $15.1 billion at March 31, 2011, and $14.0 billion at December 31, 2010, in collateral supporting loaned securities with values of $14.7 billion and $13.6 billion, respectively.
     We enter into other types of indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business under which we agree to indemnify third parties against any damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with us. These relationships or transactions include those arising from service as a director or officer of the Company, underwriting agreements relating to our securities, acquisition agreements and various other business transactions or arrangements. Because the extent of our obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, our potential future liability under these agreements we are unable to determine. We do, however, record a liability for residential mortgage loans that we may have to repurchase pursuant to various representations and warranties. See Note 8 for additional information on the liability for mortgage loan repurchase losses.
LIQUIDITY AGREEMENTS We provide liquidity facilities on all commercial paper issued by the conduit we administer. We also provide liquidity to certain off-balance sheet entities that hold securitized fixed-rate municipal bonds and consumer or commercial assets that are partially funded with the issuance of


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money market and other short-term notes. See Note 7 for additional information on these arrangements.
WRITTEN PUT OPTIONS Written put options are contracts that give the counterparty the right to sell to us an underlying instrument held by the counterparty at a specified price, and include options, floors, caps and credit default swaps. These written put option contracts generally permit net settlement. While these derivative transactions expose us to risk in the event the option is exercised, we manage this risk by entering into offsetting trades or by taking short positions in the underlying instrument. We offset substantially all put options written to customers with purchased options. Additionally, for certain of these contracts, we require the counterparty to pledge the underlying instrument as collateral for the transaction. Our ultimate obligation under written put options is based on future market conditions and is only quantifiable at settlement. See Note 7 for additional information regarding transactions with VIEs and Note 12 for additional information regarding written derivative contracts.
LOANS AND MHFS SOLD WITH RECOURSE In certain loan sales or securitizations, we provide recourse to the buyer whereby we are required to repurchase loans at par value plus accrued interest on the occurrence of certain credit-related events within a certain period of time. The maximum exposure to loss represents the outstanding principal balance of the loans sold or securitized that are subject to recourse provisions or the maximum losses per the contractual agreements, but the likelihood of the repurchase of the entire balance is remote and amounts paid can be recovered in whole or in part from the sale of collateral. In first quarter 2011, we did not repurchase a significant amount of loans associated with these agreements. We do not consider loans sold with representation and warranty requirements, for which we have established a repurchase liability, to be loans sold with recourse.
RESIDUAL VALUE GUARANTEES We have provided residual value guarantees as part of certain leasing transactions of corporate assets. At March 31, 2011, the only remaining residual value guarantee is related to a leasing transaction on certain corporate buildings. The lessors in these leases are generally large financial institutions or their leasing subsidiaries. These guarantees protect the lessor from loss on sale of the related asset at the end of the lease term. To the extent that a sale of the leased assets results in proceeds less than a stated percent (generally 80% to 89%) of the asset’s cost, we would be required to reimburse the lessor under our guarantee.
CONTINGENT CONSIDERATION In connection with certain brokerage, asset management, insurance agency and other acquisitions we have made, the terms of the acquisition agreements provide for deferred payments or additional consideration, based on certain performance targets.
     We have entered into various contingent performance guarantees through credit risk participation arrangements. Under these agreements, if a customer defaults on its obligation
to perform under certain credit agreements with third parties, we will be required to make payments to the third parties.
Pledged Assets and Collateral
As part of our liquidity management strategy, we pledge assets to secure trust and public deposits, borrowings from the FHLB and FRB and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The following table provides pledged loans and securities available for sale where the secured party does not have the right to sell or repledge the collateral. At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, we did not pledge any loans or securities available for sale where the secured party has the right to sell or repledge the collateral. The table excludes pledged assets related to VIEs, which can only be used to settle the liabilities of those entities. See Note 7 for additional information on consolidated VIE assets.
 
         
  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31, 
 
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
Securities available for sale
 $84,225   94,212 
Loans
  298,270   312,602 
 
 
        
Total
 $382,495   406,814 
 
We also pledge certain financial instruments that we own to collateralize repurchase agreements and other securities financings. The types of collateral we pledge include securities issued by federal agencies, government-sponsored entities (GSEs), and domestic and foreign companies. We pledged $29.0 billion at March 31, 2011, and $27.3 billion at December 31, 2010, under agreements that permit the secured parties to sell or repledge the collateral. Pledged collateral where the secured party cannot sell or repledge were $4.6 billion and $5.9 billion as of the same periods, respectively.
     We receive collateral from other entities under resale agreements and securities borrowings. We received $16.8 billion at March 31, 2011, and $22.5 billion at December 31, 2010, for which we have the right to sell or repledge the collateral. These amounts include securities we have sold or repledged to others with a fair value of $16.1 billion at March 31, 2011, and $14.6 billion at December 31, 2010.


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Note 11: Legal Actions

The following supplements and amends our discussion of certain matters previously reported in Item 3 (Legal Proceedings) of our 2010 Form 10-K for events occurring in first quarter 2011.
ERISA LITIGATION A hearing on final approval of the settlement of the In re Wachovia Corporation ERISA Litigation is scheduled before the U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina on August 25, 2011.
     A hearing on final approval of the settlement of Figas v. Wells Fargo & Company, et al. is scheduled before the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota on July 21, 2011.
IN RE WELLS FARGO MORTGAGE-BACKED CERTIFICATES LITIGATION A hearing on plaintiffs’ motion for class certification has been scheduled for June 23, 2011.
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE DOCUMENT LITIGATION On March 29, 2011, Wells Fargo, along with other mortgage servicers, entered into a stipulation in connection with the action commenced by the New Jersey Supreme Court, the New Jersey Administrative Office of the Courts and the Superior Court of New Jersey for Mercer County providing for the appointment of a special master to review mortgage foreclosure affidavit processes.
MORTGAGE RELATED REGULATORY INVESTIGATIONS On March 31, 2011, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (the Bank) entered into a Consent Order with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) under which the OCC made certain findings in connection with the Bank’s foreclosure practices, which findings the Bank neither admitted nor denied. The Bank agreed in the consent order, among other things, and subject to the OCC’s approval (i) to establish a Compliance Committee to monitor and coordinate the Bank’s compliance with the Consent Order; (ii) to create a comprehensive Action Plan describing the actions needed to achieve compliance with the Consent Order; (iii) to submit an acceptable compliance plan to ensure that its mortgage servicing and foreclosure operations, including loss mitigation and loan modification, comply with legal requirements, OCC supervisory guidance, and the terms of the Consent Order; (iv) to submit a plan to ensure appropriate controls and oversight of the Bank’s activities with respect to the Mortgage Electronic Registration System; (v) to take certain other actions with respect to its mortgage servicing and foreclosure operations; and (vi) to conduct a foreclosure review through an independent consultant on certain residential foreclosure actions. On April 4, 2011, Wells Fargo & Company (Wells Fargo) entered into a Consent Order with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve pursuant to which Wells Fargo agreed, among other things, (i) to ensure the Bank’s compliance with the OCC Consent Order; (ii) to develop for the Federal Reserve’s approval a written plan to enhance its Enterprise Risk Management with respect to oversight of residential mortgage loan servicing; (iii) to develop for the Federal Reserve’s approval a written plan to enhance its enterprise-wide compliance program with respect to oversight of residential mortgage loan
servicing; and (iv) to develop for the Federal Reserve’s approval a written plan to enhance the internal audit program with respect to residential mortgage loan servicing. Neither Consent Order provided for civil money penalties but both government entities reserved the ability to seek such penalties and Wells Fargo reserved the ability to oppose the imposition of such penalties. In addition, as previously disclosed in our 2010 Form 10-K, other government agencies, including state attorneys general and the U.S. Department of Justice, continue to investigate various mortgage related practices of the Bank and other major mortgage servicers. Wells Fargo continues to cooperate with these investigation. These investigations could result in material fines, penalties, equitable remedies (including requiring default servicing or other process changes), or other enforcement actions, and result in significant legal costs in responding to governmental investigations and additional litigation.
WACHOVIA EQUITY SECURITIES AND BONDS/NOTES LITIGATION On March 31, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York entered a Decision and Order granting Wachovia’s motions to dismiss the In re Wachovia Equity Securities Litigation and the Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, FC Holdings AB, Deka Investment GmbH and Forsta AP-Fonden cases. By the same Decision and Order, the Court granted in part and denied in part Wachovia’s motion to dismiss theIn re Wachovia Preferred Securities and Bond/Notes Litigation, allowing that case to go forward after limiting the number of offerings at issue.
OUTLOOK When establishing a liability for contingent litigation losses, the Company determines a range of potential losses for each matter that is both probable and estimable, and records the amount it considers to be the best estimate within the range. The high end of the range of potential litigation losses in excess of the Company’s best estimates within the range of potential losses used in establishing the total litigation liability was $1.7 billion as of March 31, 2011. For these matters and others where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable, there may be a range of possible losses in excess of the established liability that cannot be estimated. Based on information currently available, advice of counsel, available insurance coverage and established reserves, Wells Fargo believes that the eventual outcome of the actions against Wells Fargo and/or its subsidiaries, including the matters described above, will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on Wells Fargo’s consolidated financial position. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of those matters, if unfavorable, may be material to Wells Fargo’s results of operations for any particular period.


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Note 12: Derivatives

We use derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign currency risk, to generate profits from proprietary trading and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. Derivative transactions are measured in terms of the notional amount, but this amount is not recorded on the balance sheet and is not, when viewed in isolation, a meaningful measure of the risk profile of the instruments. The notional amount is generally not exchanged, but is used only as the basis on which interest and other payments are determined.
     Our asset/liability management approach to interest rate, foreign currency and certain other risks includes the use of derivatives. Such derivatives are typically designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, or economic hedge derivatives for those that do not qualify for hedge accounting. This helps minimize significant, unplanned fluctuations in earnings, fair values of assets and liabilities, and cash flows caused by interest rate, foreign currency and other market value volatility. This approach involves modifying the repricing characteristics of certain assets and liabilities so that changes in interest rates, foreign currency and other exposures do not have a significant adverse effect on the net interest margin, cash flows and earnings. As a result of fluctuations in these exposures, hedged assets and liabilities will gain or lose market value. In a fair value or economic hedge, the effect of this unrealized gain or loss will generally be offset by the gain or loss on the derivatives linked to the hedged assets and liabilities. In a cash flow hedge, where we manage the variability of cash payments due to interest rate fluctuations by the effective use of derivatives linked to hedged assets and liabilities, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivatives or the hedged asset or liability is generally not reflected in earnings.
     We also offer various derivatives, including interest rate, commodity, equity, credit and foreign exchange contracts, to our customers but usually offset our exposure from such contracts by purchasing other financial contracts. The customer accommodations and any offsetting financial contracts are treated as free-standing derivatives. Free-standing derivatives also include derivatives we enter into for risk management that do not otherwise qualify for hedge accounting, including economic hedge derivatives. To a lesser extent, we take positions based on market expectations or to benefit from price differentials between financial instruments and markets. Additionally, free-standing derivatives include embedded derivatives that are required to be separately accounted for from their host contracts.
     The following table presents the total notional or contractual amounts and fair values for derivatives, the fair values of derivatives designated as qualifying hedge contracts, which are used as asset/liability management hedges, and free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) not designated as hedging instruments are recorded on the balance sheet in other assets or other liabilities. Customer accommodation, trading and other free-standing derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value in trading assets or other liabilities.


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Note 12: Derivatives (continued)
 
                         
  March 31, 2011  December 31, 2010
 
  Notional or  Fair value  Notional or  Fair value
  contractual  Asset  Liability  contractual  Asset  Liability
(in millions) amount  derivatives  derivatives  amount  derivatives  derivatives
 
 
                        
Qualifying hedge contracts
                        
Interest rate contracts (1)
 $97,822   6,014   1,301   110,314   7,126   1,614 
Foreign exchange contracts
  25,256   2,107   482   25,904   1,527   727 
             
 
                        
Total derivatives designated as
qualifying hedging instruments
      8,121   1,783       8,653   2,341 
             
 
                        
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
                        
Free-standing derivatives (economic hedges):
                        
Interest rate contracts (2)
  325,303   1,342   1,074   408,563   2,898   2,625 
Equity contracts
  -   -   -   176   -   46 
Foreign exchange contracts
  7,184   11   210   5,528   23   53 
Credit contracts - protection purchased
  361   41   -   396   80   - 
Other derivatives
  2,597   8   26   2,538   -   35 
             
 
                        
Subtotal
      1,402   1,310       3,001   2,759 
             
 
                        
Customer accommodation, trading and other free-standing derivatives:
                        
Interest rate contracts
  2,693,468   50,229   51,200   2,809,387   58,225   59,329 
Commodity contracts
  96,134   5,446   4,940   83,114   4,133   3,918 
Equity contracts
  72,980   3,798   3,980   73,278   3,272   3,450 
Foreign exchange contracts
  151,790   3,022   2,852   110,889   2,800   2,682 
Credit contracts - protection sold
  45,738   622   5,180   47,699   605   5,826 
Credit contracts - protection purchased
  44,713   3,917   609   44,776   4,661   588 
Other derivatives
  194   1   -   190   8   - 
             
 
                        
Subtotal
      67,035   68,761       73,704   75,793 
             
 
                        
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
      68,437   70,071       76,705   78,552 
             
 
                        
Total derivatives before netting
      76,558   71,854       85,358   80,893 
             
 
                        
Netting (3)
      (54,113)  (59,793)      (63,469)  (70,009)
             
 
                        
Total
     $22,445   12,061       21,889   10,884 
 
(1) Notional amounts presented exclude $20.1 billion at March 31, 2011, and $20.9 billion at December 31, 2010, of basis swaps that are combined with receive fixed-rate/pay floating-rate swaps and designated as one hedging instrument.
 
(2) Includes free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of residential MSRs, MHFS, interest rate lock commitments and other interests held.
 
(3) Represents netting of derivative asset and liability balances, and related cash collateral, with the same counterparty subject to master netting arrangements. The amount of cash collateral netted against derivative assets and liabilities was $5.5 billion and $11.2 billion, respectively, at March 31, 2011, and $5.5 billion and $12.1 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2010.

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Fair Value Hedges
We use interest rate swaps to convert certain of our fixed-rate long-term debt and CDs to floating rates to hedge our exposure to interest rate risk. We also enter into cross-currency swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward contracts to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk associated with the issuance of non-U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt and repurchase agreements. In addition, we use interest rate swaps and forward contracts to hedge against changes in fair value of certain investments in available-for-sale debt securities due to changes in interest rates, foreign currency rates, or both. The entire derivative gain or loss is included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness for all fair value hedge relationships, except for those involving foreign-currency denominated securities available for sale, short-term borrowings and long-term debt hedged with foreign currency forward derivatives for which the component of the derivative gain or
loss related to the changes in the difference between the spot and forward price is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
      We use statistical regression analysis to assess hedge effectiveness, both at inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis. The regression analysis involves regressing the periodic change in fair value of the hedging instrument against the periodic changes in fair value of the asset or liability being hedged due to changes in the hedged risk(s). The assessment includes an evaluation of the quantitative measures of the regression results used to validate the conclusion of high effectiveness.
      The following table shows the net gains (losses) recognized in the income statement related to derivatives in fair value hedging relationships.


                     
 
 
                    
  Interest rate Foreign exchange Total net
  contracts hedging: contracts hedging: gains
                  (losses)
  Securities     Securities     on fair
  available Long-term available Long-term value
(in millions) for sale debt for sale debt hedges
 
 
                    
Quarter ended March 31, 2011
                    
Gains (losses) recorded in net interest income
   $(106)  414   (1)  90   397 
 
 
                    
Gains (losses) recorded in noninterest income
                    
Recognized on derivatives
  169   (645)  35   1,080   639 
Recognized on hedged item
  (237)  622   (33)  (1,117)  (765)
 
 
                    
Recognized on fair value hedges (ineffective portion) (1)
   $(68)  (23)  2   (37)  (126)
 
 
                    
Quarter ended March 31, 2010
                    
Gains (losses) recorded in net interest income
   $(94)  531   (1)  97   533 
 
 
                    
Gains (losses) recorded in noninterest income
                    
Recognized on derivatives
  (126)  532   119   (1,136)  (611)
Recognized on hedged item
  135   (517)  (119)  1,154   653 
 
 
                    
Recognized on fair value hedges (ineffective portion) (1)
   $9   15   -   18   42 
 
 
(1) Includes $8 million and $1 million, respectively, for the quarters ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, of gains (losses) on forward derivatives hedging foreign currency securities available for sale, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, representing the portion of derivatives gains (losses) excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (time value).

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Note 12: Derivatives (continued)
Cash Flow Hedges
We hedge floating-rate debt against future interest rate increases by using interest rate swaps, caps, floors and futures to limit variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. We also use interest rate swaps and floors to hedge the variability in interest payments received on certain floating-rate commercial loans, due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. Gains and losses on derivatives that are reclassified from cumulative OCI to current period earnings are included in the line item in which the hedged item’s effect on earnings is recorded. All parts of gain or loss on these derivatives are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. We assess hedge effectiveness using regression analysis, both at inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis. The regression analysis involves regressing the periodic
changes in cash flows of the hedging instrument against the periodic changes in cash flows of the forecasted transaction being hedged due to changes in the hedged risk(s). The assessment includes an evaluation of the quantitative measures of the regression results used to validate the conclusion of high effectiveness.
      Based upon current interest rates, we estimate that $359 million of deferred net gains on derivatives in OCI at March 31, 2011, will be reclassified as earnings during the next twelve months, compared with $367 million at December 31, 2010. Future changes to interest rates may significantly change actual amounts reclassified to earnings. We are hedging our exposure to the variability of future cash flows for all forecasted transactions for a maximum of 7 years for both hedges of floating-rate debt and floating-rate commercial loans.
      The following table shows the net gains (losses) recognized related to derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships.


         
 
 
        
  Quarter ended
  March 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Gains (after tax) recognized in OCI on derivatives
   $1   159 
Gains (pre tax) reclassified from cumulative OCI into net interest income
  156   142 
Gains (losses) (pre tax) recognized in noninterest income on derivatives (1)
  (2)  7 
 
        
 
 
(1) None of the change in value of the derivatives was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Free-Standing Derivatives
We use free-standing derivatives (economic hedges), in addition to debt securities available for sale, to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of residential MSRs measured at fair value, certain residential MHFS, derivative loan commitments and other interests held. The resulting gain or loss on these economic hedges is reflected in other income.
      The derivatives used to hedge these MSRs measured at fair value, which include swaps, swaptions, forwards, Eurodollar and Treasury futures and options contracts, resulted in net derivative losses of $120 million in first quarter 2011 and net derivative gains of $1.8 billion in first quarter 2010, which are included in mortgage banking noninterest income. The aggregate fair value of these derivatives was a net asset of $548 million at March 31, 2011, and a net liability of $943 million at December 31, 2010. Changes in fair value of debt securities available for sale (unrealized gains and losses) are not included in servicing income, but are reported in cumulative OCI (net of tax) or, upon sale, are reported in net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale.
      Interest rate lock commitments for residential mortgage loans that we intend to sell are considered free-standing derivatives. Our interest rate exposure on these derivative loan commitments, as well as substantially all residential MHFS, is hedged with free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) such as forwards and options, Eurodollar futures and options, and Treasury futures, forwards and options contracts. The commitments, free-standing derivatives and residential MHFS are carried at fair value with changes in fair value included in mortgage banking noninterest income. For the fair value measurement of interest rate lock commitments we include, at inception and during the life of the loan commitment, the
expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan. Fair value changes subsequent to inception are based on changes in fair value of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan will not fund within the terms of the commitment (referred to as a fall-out factor). The value of the underlying loan is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time. However, changes in investor demand can also cause changes in the value of the underlying loan value that cannot be hedged. The aggregate fair value of derivative loan commitments in the balance sheet was a net asset of $30 million at March 31, 2011, and a net liability of $271 million at December 31, 2010, and is included in the caption “Interest rate contracts” under “Customer accommodation, trading and other free-standing derivatives” in the first table in this Note.
      We also enter into various derivatives primarily to provide derivative products to customers. To a lesser extent, we take positions based on market expectations or to benefit from price differentials between financial instruments and markets. These derivatives are not linked to specific assets and liabilities in the balance sheet or to forecasted transactions in an accounting hedge relationship and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. We also enter into free-standing derivatives for risk management that do not otherwise qualify for hedge accounting. They are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded as part of other noninterest income.
      Free-standing derivatives also include embedded derivatives that are required to be accounted for separate from their host contract. We periodically issue hybrid long-term notes and CDs where the performance of the hybrid instrument notes is linked to an equity, commodity or currency index, or basket of such indices. These notes contain explicit terms that affect some or all


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of the cash flows or the value of the note in a manner similar to a derivative instrument and therefore are considered to contain an “embedded” derivative instrument. The indices on which the performance of the hybrid instrument is calculated are not clearly and closely related to the host debt instrument. The “embedded” derivative is separated from the host contract and accounted for as a free-standing derivative. Additionally, we may invest in hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivatives,
such as credit derivatives, that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract. In such instances, we either elect fair value option for the hybrid instrument or separate the embedded derivative from the host contract and account for the host contract and derivative separately.
      The following table shows the net gains recognized in the income statement related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments.


         
 
 
        
  Quarter ended
  March 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Gains (losses) recognized on free-standing derivatives (economic hedges):
        
Interest rate contracts (1)
        
Recognized in noninterest income:
        
Mortgage banking
   $53   668 
Other
  11   (6)
Foreign exchange contracts
  (264)  76 
Credit contracts
  (5)  (89)
 
 
        
Subtotal
  (205)  649 
 
 
        
Gains (losses) recognized on customer accommodation, trading and other free-standing derivatives:
        
Interest rate contracts (2)
        
Recognized in noninterest income:
        
Mortgage banking
  400   903 
Other
  196   319 
Commodity contracts
  (15)  20 
Equity contracts
  (162)  (46)
Foreign exchange contracts
  182   118 
Credit contracts
  (47)  (430)
Other
  7   (7)
 
 
        
Subtotal
  561   877 
 
 
        
Net gains recognized related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
   $356   1,526 
 
 
(1) Predominantly mortgage banking noninterest income including gains (losses) on the derivatives used as economic hedges of MSRs measured at fair value, interest rate lock commitments and mortgages held for sale.
(2) Predominantly mortgage banking noninterest income including gains (losses) on interest rate lock commitments.

Credit Derivatives
We use credit derivatives to manage exposure to credit risk related to lending and investing activity and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. This may include protection sold to offset purchased protection in structured product transactions, as well as liquidity agreements written to special purpose vehicles. The maximum exposure of sold credit derivatives is managed through posted collateral, purchased credit derivatives and similar products in order to achieve our desired credit risk profile. This credit risk management provides an ability to recover a significant portion of any amounts that would be paid under the sold credit derivatives. We would be required to perform under the noted credit derivatives in the event of default by the referenced obligors. Events of default include events such as bankruptcy, capital restructuring or lack of principal and/or interest payment. In certain cases, other triggers may exist, such as the credit downgrade of the referenced obligors or the inability of the special purpose vehicle for which we have provided liquidity to obtain funding.
       


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Note 12: Derivatives (continued)
The following table provides details of sold and purchased credit derivatives.
                             
 
 
                            
      Notional amount   
          Protection Protection         
          sold - purchased Net      
          non- with protection Other   
  Fair value Protection investment identical sold protection Range of
(in millions) liability sold (A) grade underlyings (B) (A) - (B) purchased maturities
 
 
                            
March 31, 2011
                            
Credit default swaps on:
                            
Corporate bonds
 $  661   29,393   15,864   16,220   13,173   10,547   2011-2020
Structured products
  3,761   5,670   5,101   4,865   805   2,380   2016-2056
Credit protection on:
                            
Default swap index
  10   3,247   1,070   3,133   114   598   2011-2017
Commercial mortgage-
backed securities index
  633   1,863   556   1,225   638   392   2049-2052
Asset-backed securities index
  104   122   122   21   101   144   2037-2046
Loan deliverable credit default swaps
  2   481   456   379   102   275   2011-2014
Other
  9   4,962   4,551   14   4,948   3,109   2011-2056
     
 
                            
Total credit derivatives
 $  5,180   45,738   27,720   25,857   19,881   17,445     
 
 
                            
December 31, 2010
                            
Credit default swaps on:
                            
Corporate bonds
 $  810   30,445   16,360   17,978   12,467   9,440   2011-2020
Structured products
  4,145   5,825   5,246   4,948   877   2,482   2016-2056
Credit protection on:
                            
Default swap index
  12   2,700   909   2,167   533   1,106   2011-2017
Commercial mortgage-backed securities index
  717   1,977   612   924   1,053   779   2049-2052
Asset-backed securities index
  128   144   144   46   98   142   2037-2046
Loan deliverable credit default swaps
  2   481   456   391   90   261   2011-2014
Other
  12   6,127   5,348   41   6,086   2,745   2011-2056
     
 
                            
Total credit derivatives
 $  5,826   47,699   29,075   26,495   21,204   16,955     
 

      Protection sold represents the estimated maximum exposure to loss that would be incurred under an assumed hypothetical circumstance, where the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero, without any consideration of recovery or offset from any economic hedges. We believe this hypothetical circumstance to be an extremely remote possibility and accordingly, this required disclosure is not an indication of expected loss. The amounts under non-investment grade represent the notional amounts of those credit derivatives on which we have a higher risk of being required to perform under the terms of the credit derivative and are a function of the underlying assets.
      We consider the risk of performance to be high if the underlying assets under the credit derivative have an external rating that is below investment grade or an internal credit default grade that is equivalent thereto. We believe the net protection sold, which is representative of the net notional amount of protection sold and purchased with identical underlyings, in combination with other protection purchased, is more representative of our exposure to loss than either non-investment grade or protection sold. Other protection purchased represents additional protection, which may offset the exposure to loss for protection sold, that was not purchased with an identical underlying of the protection sold.


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Credit-Risk Contingent Features
Certain of our derivative contracts contain provisions whereby if the credit rating of our debt, based on certain major credit rating agencies indicated in the relevant contracts, were to fall below investment grade, the counterparty could demand additional collateral or require termination or replacement of derivative instruments in a net liability position. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position was $12.1 billion at March 31, 2011, and $12.6 billion at December 31, 2010, respectively, for which we posted $11.4 billion and $12.0 billion, respectively, in collateral in the normal course of business. If the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements had been triggered on March 31, 2011, or December 31, 2010, we would have been required to post additional collateral of $1.1 billion or $1.0 billion, respectively, or potentially settle the contract in an amount equal to its fair value.
Counterparty Credit Risk
By using derivatives, we are exposed to counterparty credit risk if counterparties to the derivative contracts do not perform as expected. If a counterparty fails to perform, our counterparty credit risk is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset on our balance sheet. The amounts reported as a derivative asset are derivative contracts in a gain position, and to the extent subject to master netting arrangements, net of derivatives in a loss position with the same counterparty and cash collateral received. We minimize counterparty credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, executing master netting arrangements and obtaining collateral, where appropriate. To the extent the master netting arrangements and other criteria meet the applicable requirements, derivatives balances and related cash collateral amounts are shown net in the balance sheet. Counterparty credit risk related to derivatives is considered in determining fair value and our assessment of hedge effectiveness.


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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
 

We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Trading assets, securities available for sale, derivatives, substantially all prime residential MHFS, certain commercial LHFS, fair value MSRs, principal investments and securities sold but not yet purchased (short sale liabilities) are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as certain residential and commercial MHFS, certain LHFS, loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
Fair Value Hierarchy
We group our assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
 Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
 Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
 Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
      In the determination of the classification of financial instruments in Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, we consider all available information, including observable market data, indications of market liquidity and orderliness, and our understanding of the valuation techniques and significant inputs used. For securities in inactive markets, we use a predetermined percentage to evaluate the impact of fair value adjustments derived from weighting both external and internal indications of value to determine if the instrument is classified as Level 2 or Level 3. Based upon the specific facts and circumstances of each instrument or instrument category, judgments are made regarding the significance of the Level 3 inputs to the instruments’ fair value measurement in its entirety. If Level 3 inputs are considered significant, the instrument is classified as Level 3.
Determination of Fair Value
We base our fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements.
      In instances where there is limited or no observable market data, fair value measurements for assets and liabilities are based primarily upon our own estimates or combination of our own estimates and independent vendor or broker pricing, and the measurements are often calculated based on current pricing for products we offer or issue, the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other such factors. As with any valuation technique used to estimate fair value, changes in underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future values. Accordingly, these fair value estimates may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability.
      We incorporate lack of liquidity into our fair value measurement based on the type of asset or liability measured and the valuation methodology used. For example, for certain residential MHFS and certain securities where the significant inputs have become unobservable due to illiquid markets and vendor or broker pricing is not used, we use a discounted cash flow technique to measure fair value. This technique incorporates forecasting of expected cash flows (adjusted for credit loss assumptions and estimated prepayment speeds) discounted at an appropriate market discount rate to reflect the lack of liquidity in the market that a market participant would consider. For other securities where vendor or broker pricing is used, we use either unadjusted broker quotes or vendor prices or vendor or broker prices adjusted by weighting them with internal discounted cash flow techniques to measure fair value. These unadjusted vendor or broker prices inherently reflect any lack of liquidity in the market as the fair value measurement represents an exit price from a market participant viewpoint.
      For complete descriptions of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value and for estimating fair value for financial instruments not recorded at fair value, see Note 16 in our 2010 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our valuation methodologies in first quarter 2011.


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Fair Value Measurements from Independent Brokers or Independent Third Party Pricing Services
For certain assets and liabilities, we obtain fair value measurements from independent brokers or independent third party pricing services and record the unadjusted fair value in our
financial statements. The detail by level is shown in the table below. Fair value measurements obtained from independent brokers or independent third party pricing services that we have adjusted to determine the fair value recorded in our financial statements are not included in the following table.


                         
 
 
                        
  Independent brokers Third party pricing services
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
 
 
                        
March 31, 2011
                        
Trading assets (excluding derivatives)
   $-   1,448   12   38   1,835   - 
Securities available for sale:
                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  -   -   -   910   596   - 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   15   -   -   14,995   170 
Mortgage-backed securities
  -   169   54   -   94,826   226 
Other debt securities
  -   232   4,918   -   15,607   814 
 
 
                        
Total debt securities
  -   416   4,972   910   126,024   1,210 
Total marketable equity securities
  -   -   -   2   824   16 
 
 
                        
Total securities available for sale
  -   416   4,972   912   126,848   1,226 
 
 
                        
Derivatives (trading and other assets)
  -   50   6   -   667   8 
Loans held for sale
  -   -   -   -   1   - 
Derivatives (liabilities)
  -   32   18   -   785   - 
Other liabilities
  -   87   -   -   508   - 
 
                        
 
 
                        
December 31, 2010
                        
Trading assets (excluding derivatives)
   $-   1,211   6   21   2,123   - 
Securities available for sale:
                        
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  -   -   -   936   263   - 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   15   -   -   14,055   - 
Mortgage-backed securities
  -   3   50   -   102,206   169 
Other debt securities
  -   201   4,133   -   14,376   606 
 
 
                        
Total debt securities
  -   219   4,183   936   130,900   775 
Total marketable equity securities
  -   -   -   201   727   16 
 
 
                        
Total securities available for sale
  -   219   4,183   1,137   131,627   791 
 
 
                        
Derivatives (trading and other assets)
  -   15   44   -   740   8 
Loans held for sale
  -   -   -   -   1   - 
Derivatives (liabilities)
  -   -   46   -   841   - 
Other liabilities
  -   20   -   -   393   - 
 
                        
 

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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
.
The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.


                     
 
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting     Total
 
March 31, 2011
                    
Trading assets (excluding derivatives)
                    
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $2,243   4,443   -   -   6,686 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   2,319   130   -   2,449 
Collateralized debt obligations(1)
  -   -   1,910   -   1,910 
Corporate debt securities
  -   10,845   97   -   10,942 
Mortgage-backed securities
  -   10,920   144   -   11,064 
Asset-backed securities
  -   2,167   252   -   2,419 
Equity securities
  2,475   482   32   -   2,989 
 
Total trading securities
  4,718   31,176   2,565   -   38,459 
 
Other trading assets
  930   1,076   144   -   2,150 
 
Total trading assets (excluding derivatives)
  5,648   32,252   2,709   -   40,609 
 
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  912   595   -   -   1,507 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   16,129   5,030   -   21,159 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                    
Federal agencies
  -   75,552   -   -   75,552 
Residential
  -   18,938   10   -   18,948 
Commercial
  -   13,499   281   -   13,780 
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
  -   107,989   291   -   108,280 
 
Corporate debt securities
  38   10,296   494   -   10,828 
Collateralized debt obligations(2)
  -   -   5,616   -   5,616 
Asset-backed securities:
                    
Auto loans and leases
  -   190   4,244   -   4,434 
Home equity loans
  -   986   98   -   1,084 
Other asset-backed securities
  -   6,519   3,411   -   9,930 
 
Total asset-backed securities
  -   7,695   7,753   -   15,448 
 
Other debt securities
  -   60   -   -   60 
 
Total debt securities
  950   142,764   19,184   -   162,898 
 
Marketable equity securities:
                    
Perpetual preferred securities (3)
  788   734   1,989   -   3,511 
Other marketable equity securities
  1,348   114   35   -   1,497 
 
Total marketable equity securities
  2,136   848   2,024   -   5,008 
 
Total securities available for sale
  3,086   143,612   21,208   -   167,906 
 
Mortgages held for sale
  -   25,617   3,314   -   28,931 
Loans held for sale
  -   1,003   -   -   1,003 
Loans
  -   -   98   -   98 
Mortgage servicing rights (residential)
  -   -   15,648   -   15,648 
Derivative assets:
                    
Interest rate contracts
  6   56,864   715   -   57,585 
Commodity contracts
  -   5,386   60   -   5,446 
Equity contracts
  626   2,298   874   -   3,798 
Foreign exchange contracts
  86   4,995   59   -   5,140 
Credit contracts
  -   1,935   2,645   -   4,580 
Other derivative contracts
  1   -   8   -   9 
 
Netting
  -   -   -   (54,113 )  (4)  (54,113)
 
Total derivative assets (5)
  719   71,478   4,361   (54,113)  22,445 
 
Other assets
  39   141   311   -   491 
 
Total assets recorded at fair value
   $9,492   274,103   47,649   (54,113)  277,131 
 
Derivative liabilities:
                    
Interest rate contracts
   $(10)  (53,149)  (416)  -   (53,575)
Commodity contracts
  -   (4,877)  (63)  -   (4,940)
Equity contracts
  (328)  (2,553)  (1,099)  -   (3,980)
Foreign exchange contracts
  (67)  (3,441)  (36)  -   (3,544)
Credit contracts
  -   (1,993)  (3,796)  -   (5,789)
Other derivative contracts
  -   -   (26)  -   (26)
 
Netting
  -   -   -   59,793   (4)  59,793 
 
Total derivative liabilities (6)
  (405)  (66,013)  (5,436)  59,793   (12,061)
 
Short sale liabilities:
                    
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  (3,982)  (1,259)  -   -   (5,241)
Corporate debt securities
  -   (4,887)  -   -   (4,887)
Equity securities
  (1,917)  (36)  -   -   (1,953)
Other securities
  -   (144)  (106)  -   (250)
 
Total short sale liabilities
  (5,899)  (6,326)  (106)  -   (12,331)
 
Other liabilities
  -   (179)  (136)  -   (315)
 
Total liabilities recorded at fair value
   $(6,304)  (72,518)  (5,678)  59,793   (24,707)
 
 
(1) Includes collateralized loan obligations of $740 million that are classified as trading assets.
 
(2) Includes collateralized loan obligations of $5.0 billion that are classified as securities available for sale.
 
(3) Perpetual preferred securities are primarily ARS. See Note 7 for additional information.
 
(4) Derivatives are reported net of cash collateral received and paid and, to the extent that the criteria of the accounting guidance covering the offsetting of amounts related to certain contracts are met, positions with the same counterparty are netted as part of a legally enforceable master netting agreement.
 
(5) Derivative assets include contracts qualifying for hedge accounting, economic hedges, and derivatives included in trading assets.
 
(6) Derivative liabilities include contracts qualifying for hedge accounting, economic hedges, and derivatives included in trading liabilities.

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(continued from previous page)
                     
 
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting     Total
 
December 31, 2010
                    
Trading assets (excluding derivatives)
                    
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
   $1,340   3,335   -   -   4,675 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   1,893   5   -   1,898 
Collateralized debt obligations (1)
  -   -   1,915   -   1,915 
Corporate debt securities
  -   10,164   166   -   10,330 
Mortgage-backed securities
  -   9,137   117   -   9,254 
Asset-backed securities
  -   1,811   366   -   2,177 
Equity securities
  2,143   625   34   -   2,802 
 
Total trading securities
  3,483   26,965   2,603   -   33,051 
 
Other trading assets
  816   987   136   -   1,939 
 
Total trading assets (excluding derivatives)
  4,299   27,952   2,739   -   34,990 
 
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  938   666   -   -   1,604 
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  -   14,090   4,564   -   18,654 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                    
Federal agencies
  -   82,037   -   -   82,037 
Residential
  -   20,183   20   -   20,203 
Commercial
  -   13,337   217   -   13,554 
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
  -   115,557   237   -   115,794 
 
Corporate debt securities
  -   9,846   433   -   10,279 
Collateralized debt obligations (2)
  -   -   4,778   -   4,778 
Asset-backed securities:
                    
Auto loans and leases
  -   223   6,133   -   6,356 
Home equity loans
  -   998   112   -   1,110 
Other asset-backed securities
  -   5,285   3,150   -   8,435 
 
Total asset-backed securities
  -   6,506   9,395   -   15,901 
 
Other debt securities
  -   370   85   -   455 
 
Total debt securities
  938   147,035   19,492   -   167,465 
 
Marketable equity securities:
                    
Perpetual preferred securities (3)
  721   677   2,434   -   3,832 
Other marketable equity securities
  1,224   101   32   -   1,357 
 
Total marketable equity securities
  1,945   778   2,466   -   5,189 
 
Total securities available for sale
  2,883   147,813   21,958   -   172,654 
 
Mortgages held for sale
  -   44,226   3,305   -   47,531 
Loans held for sale
  -   873   -   -   873 
Loans
  -   -   309   -   309 
Mortgage servicing rights (residential)
  -   -   14,467   -   14,467 
Derivative assets:
                    
Interest rate contracts
  -   67,380   869   -   68,249 
Commodity contracts
  -   4,133   -   -   4,133 
Equity contracts
  511   2,040   721   -   3,272 
Foreign exchange contracts
  42   4,257   51   -   4,350 
Credit contracts
  -   2,148   3,198   -   5,346 
Other derivative contracts
  8   -   -   -   8 
 
Netting
  -   -   -   (63,469 )  (4)  (63,469)
 
Total derivative assets (5)
  561   79,958   4,839   (63,469)  21,889 
 
Other assets
  38   45   314   -   397 
 
Total assets recorded at fair value
   $7,781   300,867   47,931   (63,469)  293,110 
 
Derivative liabilities:
                    
Interest rate contracts
   $(7)  (62,769)  (792)  -   (63,568)
Commodity contracts
  -   (3,917)  (1)  -   (3,918)
Equity contracts
  (259)  (2,291)  (946)  -   (3,496)
Foreign exchange contracts
  (69)  (3,351)  (42)  -   (3,462)
Credit contracts
  -   (2,199)  (4,215)  -   (6,414)
Other derivative contracts
  -   -   (35)  -   (35)
 
Netting
  -   -   -   70,009   (4)  70,009 
 
Total derivative liabilities (6)
  (335)  (74,527)  (6,031)  70,009   (10,884)
 
Short sale liabilities:
                    
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
  (2,827)  (1,129)  -   -   (3,956)
Corporate debt securities
  -   (3,798)  -   -   (3,798)
Equity securities
  (1,701)  (178)  -   -   (1,879)
Other securities
  -   (347)  -   -   (347)
 
Total short sale liabilities
  (4,528)  (5,452)  -   -   (9,980)
 
Other liabilities
  -   (36)  (344)  -   (380)
 
Total liabilities recorded at fair value
   $(4,863)  (80,015)  (6,375)  70,009   (21,244)
 
 
(1) Includes collateralized loan obligations of $671 million that are classified as trading assets.
 
(2) Includes collateralized loan obligations of $4.2 billion that are classified as securities available for sale.
 
(3) Perpetual preferred securities are primarily ARS. See Note 7 for additional information.
 
(4) Derivatives are reported net of cash collateral received and paid and, to the extent that the criteria of the accounting guidance covering the offsetting of amounts related to certain contracts are met, positions with the same counterparty are netted as part of a legally enforceable master netting agreement.
 
(5) Derivative assets include contracts qualifying for hedge accounting, economic hedges, and derivatives included in trading assets.
 
(6) Derivative liabilities include contracts qualifying for hedge accounting, economic hedges, and derivatives included in trading liabilities.

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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, are summarized as follows:
 
                                 
  
 
                                
                              Net unrealized 
      Total net gains Purchases,             gains (losses) 
      (losses) included in sales,             included in net 
 
                                
          Other issuances             income related 
  Balance,     compre- and Transfers Transfers Balance, to assets and 
  beginning Net hensive settlements, into out of end of liabilities held 
(in millions) of period income income net Level 3 Level 3 period at period end (1) 
  
 
                                
Quarter ended March 31, 2011
                                
Trading assets
(excluding derivatives):
                                
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
   $5   2   -   85   38   -   130   1 
Collateralized debt obligations
  1,915   13   -   (17)  -   (1)  1,910   (10) 
Corporate debt securities
  166   (2)  -   (67)  -   -   97   - 
Mortgage-backed securities
  117   5   -   18   4   -   144   (3)
Asset-backed securities
  366   9   -   (13)  -   (110)  252   9 
Equity securities
  34   (1)  -   (2)  1   -   32   (2)
  
Total trading securities
  2,603   26   -   4   43   (111)  2,565   (5) 
  
Other trading assets
  136   6   -   2   -   -   144   17 
  
Total trading assets
(excluding derivatives)
  2,739   32   -   6   43   (111)  2,709   12  (2)
  
Securities available for sale:
                                
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  4,564   2   69   395   -   -   5,030   3 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                
Residential
  20   -   (1)  2   6   (17)  10   (1)
Commercial
  217   (8)  70   2   -   -   281   (4)
  
Total mortgage-backed
securities
  237   (8)  69   4   6   (17)  291   (5)
  
Corporate debt securities
  433   2   9   49   1   -   494   - 
Collateralized debt obligations
  4,778   53   153   632   -   -   5,616   - 
Asset-backed securities:
                                
Auto loans and leases
  6,133   1   (39)  (1,851)  -   -   4,244   - 
Home equity loans
  112   2   1   (1)  10   (26)  98   (1)
Other asset-backed securities
  3,150   (5)  55   162   49   -   3,411   - 
  
Total asset-backed securities
  9,395   (2)  17   (1,690)  59   (26)  7,753   (1)
  
Other debt securities
  85   -   -   (85)  -   -   -   - 
  
Total debt securities
  19,492   47   317   (695)  66   (43)  19,184   (3)(3)
  
Marketable equity securities:
                                
Perpetual preferred securities
  2,434   68   6   (519)  -   -   1,989   - 
Other marketable equity securities
  32   -   -   3   -   -   35   - 
  
Total marketable
equity securities
  2,466   68   6   (516)  -   -   2,024   - (4)
  
Total securities
available for sale
  21,958   115   323   (1,211)  66   (43)  21,208   (3)
  
Mortgages held for sale
  3,305   (32)  -   42   72   (73)  3,314   (32)(5)
Loans
  309   10   -   (221)  -   -   98   10  (5)
Mortgage servicing rights
  14,467   (81)  -   1,262   -   -   15,648   499  (5)
Net derivative assets and liabilities:
                                
Interest rate contracts
  77   406   -   (185)  1   -   299   (9)
Commodity contracts
  (1)  -   -   1   (3)  -   (3)  - 
Equity contracts
  (225)  -   -   6   -   (6)  (225)  29 
Foreign exchange contracts
  9   21   -   (7)  -   -   23   11 
Credit contracts
  (1,017)  (86)  -   (48)  -   -   (1,151)  (133)
Other derivative contracts
  (35)  17   -   -   -   -   (18)  - 
  
Total derivative contracts
  (1,192)  358   -   (233)  (2)  (6)  (1,075)  (102)(6)
  
Other assets
  314   2   -   (5)  -   -   311   4  (2)
Short sale liabilities
(corporate debt securities)
  -   1   -   (107)  -   -   (106)  - 
Other liabilities (excluding derivatives)
  (344)  (9)  -   217   -   -   (136)  (10)
 
                                
  
 
(1) Represents only net gains (losses) that are due to changes in economic conditions and management’s estimates of fair value and excludes changes due to the collection/realization of cash flows over time.
 
(2) Included in other noninterest income in the income statement.
 
(3) Included in debt securities available for sale in the income statement.
 
(4) Included in equity investments in the income statement.
 
(5) Included in mortgage banking in the income statement.
 
(6) Included in mortgage banking, trading activities and other noninterest income in the income statement.
(continued on following page)

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The following table presents gross purchases, sales, issuances and settlements related to the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2011.
                     
 
 
                    
(in millions) Purchases Sales Issuances Settlements Net
 
Quarter ended March 31, 2011
                    
Trading assets
(excluding derivatives):
                    
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
   $97   (12)  -   -   85 
Collateralized debt obligations
  365   (366)  -   (16)  (17)
Corporate debt securities
  13   (80)  -   -   (67)
Mortgage-backed securities
  345   (327)  -   -   18 
Asset-backed securities
  245   (243)  -   (15)  (13)
Equity securities
  5   (7)  -   -   (2)
 
Total trading securities
  1,070   (1,035)  -   (31)  4 
 
Other trading assets
  2   -   -   -   2 
 
Total trading assets
(excluding derivatives)
  1,072   (1,035)  -   (31)  6 
 
Securities available for sale:
                    
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
  557   6   -   (168)  395 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                    
Residential
  4   -   -   (2)  2 
Commercial
  4   -   -   (2)  2 
 
Total mortgage-backed
securities
  8   -   -   (4)  4 
 
Corporate debt securities
  95   -   -   (46)  49 
Collateralized debt obligations
  865   (20)  -   (213)  632 
Asset-backed securities:
                    
Auto loans and leases
  366   -   -   (2,217)  (1,851)
Home equity loans
  -   -   -   (1)  (1)
Other asset-backed securities
  797   (17)  -   (618)  162 
 
Total asset-backed securities
  1,163   (17)  -   (2,836)  (1,690)
 
Other debt securities
  -   (85)  -   -   (85)
 
Total debt securities
  2,688   (116)  -   (3,267)  (695)
 
Marketable equity securities:
                    
Perpetual preferred securities
  1   -   -   (520)  (519)
Other marketable equity securities
  3   -   -   -   3 
 
Total marketable
equity securities
  4   -   -   (520)  (516)
 
Total securities
available for sale
  2,692   (116)  -   (3,787)  (1,211)
 
Mortgages held for sale
  219   -   -   (177)  42 
Loans
  -   (210)  -   (11)  (221)
Mortgage servicing rights
  -   -   1,262   -   1,262 
Net derivative assets and liabilities:
                    
Interest rate contracts
  -   1   -   (186)  (185)
Commodity contracts
  -   -   -   1   1 
Equity contracts
  49   (124)  -   81   6 
Foreign exchange contracts
  2   (2)  -   (7)  (7)
Credit contracts
  1   (1)  -   (48)  (48)
 
Total derivative contracts
  52   (126)  -   (159)  (233)
 
Other assets
  -   (1)  -   (4)  (5)
Short sale liabilities
(corporate debt securities)
  (114)  7   -   -   (107)
Other liabilities (excluding derivatives)
  -   -   -   217   217 
 
                    
 

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The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, are summarized as follows:
Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
                                 
  
 
                    
                              Net unrealized 
      Total net gains Purchases,             gains (losses) 
      (losses) included in sales,             included in net 
 
                    
          Other issuances             income related 
  Balance,     compre- and Transfers Transfers Balance, to assets and 
  beginning Net hensive settlements, into out of end of liabilities held 
(in millions) of period income income net Level 3 Level 3 period at period end (1) 
  
Quarter ended March 31, 2010
                                
Trading assets
(excluding derivatives):
                                
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
   $5   2   -   (4)  9   -   12   - 
Collateralized debt obligations
  1,133   351   -   405   -   -   1,889   33 
Corporate debt securities
  223   7   -   40   9   (3)  276   5 
Mortgage-backed securities
  146   2   -   116   -   (123)  141   2 
Asset-backed securities
  497   12   -   (190)  1   (71)  249   11 
Equity securities
  36   1   -   28   2   -   67   - 
  
Total trading securities
  2,040   375   -   395   21   (197)  2,634   51 
  
Other trading assets
  271   (15)  -   -   -   (82)  174   (7) 
  
Total trading assets
(excluding derivatives)
  2,311   360   -   395   21   (279)  2,808   44  (2)
  
Securities available for sale:
                                
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
  818   1   62   1,968   28   (6)  2,871   - 
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                
Residential
  1,084   (7)  7   (40)  184   (822)  406   (3)
Commercial
  1,799   -   5   1   59   (1,361)  503   (7)
  
Total mortgage-backed
securities
  2,883   (7)  12   (39)  243   (2,183)  909   (10)
  
Corporate debt securities
  367   1   44   (6)  138   (41)  503   - 
Collateralized debt obligations
  3,725   39   76   223   -   (212)  3,851   (6)
Asset-backed securities:
                                
Auto loans and leases
  8,525   -   (67)  (1,049)  178   -   7,587   - 
Home equity loans
  1,677   (1)  7   (1)  15   (1,590)  107   (3)
Other asset-backed securities
  2,308   54   (43)  (137)  679   (671)  2,190   (1)
  
Total asset-backed securities
  12,510   53   (103)  (1,187)  872   (2,261)  9,884   (4)
  
Other debt securities
  77   -   (3)  5   -   -   79   - 
  
Total debt securities
  20,380   87   88   964   1,281   (4,703)  18,097   (20)(3)
  
Marketable equity securities:
                                
Perpetual preferred securities
  2,305   8   (12)  678   -   (12)  2,967   - 
Other marketable equity securities
  88   -   -   (53)  -   (23)  12   - 
  
Total marketable
equity securities
  2,393   8   (12)  625   -   (35)  2,979   - (4)
  
Total securities
available for sale
  22,773   95   76   1,589   1,281   (4,738)  21,076   (20)
  
Mortgages held for sale
  3,523   2   -   (162)  99   (124)  3,338   (1)(5)
Loans
  -   44   -   (39)  366   -   371   44  (5)
Mortgage servicing rights
  16,004   (1,396)  -   1,054   -   (118)  15,544   (777)(5)
Net derivative assets and liabilities:
                                
Interest rate contracts
  (114)  988   -   (617)  -   -   257   54 
Equity contracts
  (344)  80   -   20   (28)  (9)  (281)  1 
Foreign exchange contracts
  (1)  5   -   -   -   -   4   - 
Credit contracts
  (330)  (490)  -   56   6   -   (758)  (461)
Other derivative contracts
  (43)  13   -   -   -   -   (30)  - 
  
Total derivative contracts
  (832)  596   -   (541)  (22)  (9)  (808)  (406)(6)
  
Other assets
  1,373   23   -   (30)  -   (989)  377   (8)(2)
Short sale liabilities
(corporate debt securities)
  (26)  (2)  -   (37)  -   -   (65)  (1)
Other liabilities (excluding derivatives) (7)
  (10)  (36)  -   29   (359)  -   (376)  (37)
 
                                
  
 
(1) Represents only net gains (losses) that are due to changes in economic conditions and management’s estimates of fair value and excludes changes due to the collection/realization of cash flows over time.
 
(2) Included in other noninterest income in the income statement.
 
(3) Included in debt securities available for sale in the income statement.
 
(4) Included in equity investments in the income statement.
 
(5) Included in mortgage banking in the income statement.
 
(6) Included in mortgage banking, trading activities and other noninterest income in the income statement.
 
(7) Balances have been revised to conform with current period presentation.

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Changes in Fair Value Levels
We monitor the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. The amounts reported as transfers represent the fair value as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.
      We evaluate the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings. For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, there were no significant transfers in or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3.
      Significant changes to Level 3 assets for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, are described as follows:
 We adopted new consolidation accounting guidance, which impacted Level 3 balances for certain financial instruments. Reductions in Level 3 balances, which represent derecognition of existing investments in newly consolidated VIEs, are reflected as transfers out for the following categories: trading assets, $276 million; securities available for sale, $1.9 billion; and mortgage servicing rights, $118 million. Increases in Level 3 balances, which represent newly consolidated VIE assets, are reflected as transfers in for the following categories: securities available for sale, $829 million; loans, $366 million; and long-term debt, $359 million.
 We transferred $1.4 billion of debt securities available for sale from Level 3 to Level 2 due to an increase in the volume of trading activity for certain securities, which resulted in increased occurrences of observable market prices.
       


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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of LOCOM accounting or write-downs of individual
assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and year ended December 31, 2010, that were still held in the balance sheet at each respective period end, the following table provides the fair value hierarchy and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at period end.


 
                                 
  March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 
                                
(in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
                 
 
                                
Mortgages held for sale (1)
   $-   2,136   871   3,007   -   2,000   891   2,891 
Loans held for sale
  -   364   -   364   -   352   -   352 
Loans:
                                
Commercial
  -   714   120   834   -   2,480   67   2,547 
Consumer
  -   2,457   5   2,462   -   5,870   18   5,888 
                 
 
                                
Total loans (2)
  -   3,171   125   3,296   -   8,350   85   8,435 
                 
 
                                
Mortgage servicing rights (amortized)
  -   -   97   97   -   -   104   104 
Other assets (3)
  -   525   89   614   -   765   82   847 
 
                                
 
(1) Predominantly real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans measured at LOCOM.
 
(2) Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are based on the appraised value of the collateral.
 
(3) Includes the fair value of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were measured at fair value subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets.

The following table presents the increase (decrease) in value of certain assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the income statement.
 
         
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
        
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Mortgages held for sale
   $(26)  17 
Loans held for sale
  2   9 
Loans:
        
Commercial (1)
  (240)  (838)
Consumer (2)
  (1,752)  (3,310)
 
 
        
Total loans
  (1,992)  (4,148)
 
 
        
Mortgage servicing rights (amortized)
  (6)  - 
Other assets (3)
  (116)  (101)
 
 
        
Total
   $(2,138)  (4,223)
 
(1)   Prior period amount has been revised to correct previously reported amounts.
 
(2) Represents write-downs of loans based on the appraised value of the collateral. Prior period amount has been revised to conform with current period presentation.
 
(3) Includes the losses on foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were measured at fair value subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets.
 


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Alternative Investments
The following table summarizes our investments in various types of funds, which are included in trading assets, securities available for sale and other assets. We use the funds’ net asset
values (NAVs) per share as a practical expedient to measure fair value on recurring and nonrecurring bases. The fair values presented in the table are based upon the funds’ NAVs or an equivalent measure.


 
                 
              Redemption
  Fair Unfunded Redemption notice
(in millions) value commitments frequency period
 
 
                
March 31, 2011
                
Offshore funds
   $1,739   -  Daily - Annually 1 - 180 days
Funds of funds
  6   -  Monthly - Quarterly 10 - 90 days
Hedge funds
  26   -  Monthly - Annually 30 - 120 days
Private equity funds
  1,927   687  N/A  N/A
Venture capital funds
  88   34  N/A  N/A 
         
 
                
Total
   $3,786   721         
 
 
                
December 31, 2010
                
Offshore funds
   $1,665   -  Daily - Annually 1 - 180 days
Funds of funds
  63   -  Monthly - Quarterly 10 - 90 days
Hedge funds
  23   -  Monthly - Annually 30 - 120 days
Private equity funds
  1,830   669  N/A  N/A
Venture capital funds
  88   36  N/A  N/A
         
 
                
Total
   $3,669   705         
 
N/A - Not applicable
     Offshore funds primarily invest in investment grade European fixed-income securities. Redemption restrictions are in place for investments with a fair value of $72 million and $74 million at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, due to lock-up provisions that will remain in effect until November 2013.
     Private equity funds invest in equity and debt securities issued by private and publicly-held companies in connection with leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and expansion opportunities. Substantially all of these investments do not allow redemptions. Alternatively, we receive distributions as the underlying assets of the funds liquidate, which we expect to occur over the next nine years.
     Venture capital funds invest in domestic and foreign companies in a variety of industries, including information technology, financial services and healthcare. These investments can never be redeemed with the funds. Instead, we receive distributions as the underlying assets of the fund liquidate, which we expect to occur over the next six years.
 


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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
Fair Value Option
We measure MHFS at fair value for prime MHFS originations for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices exist to reliably support fair value pricing models used for these loans. Loan origination fees on these loans are recorded when earned, and related direct loan origination costs are recognized when incurred. We also measure at fair value certain of our other interests held related to residential loan sales and securitizations. We believe fair value measurement for prime MHFS and other interests held, which we hedge with free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) along with our MSRs, measured at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets.
     Upon the acquisition of Wachovia, we elected to measure at fair value certain portfolios of LHFS that we intend to hold for trading purposes and that may be economically hedged with
derivative instruments. In addition, we elected to measure at fair value certain letters of credit that are hedged with derivative instruments to better reflect the economics of the transactions. These letters of credit are included in trading account assets or liabilities.
     Upon the adoption of new consolidation guidance on January 1, 2010, we elected to measure at fair value the eligible assets (loans) and liabilities (long-term debt) of certain nonconforming mortgage loan securitization VIEs. We elected the fair value option for such newly consolidated VIEs to continue fair value accounting as our interests prior to consolidation were predominantly carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
     The following table reflects the differences between fair value carrying amount of certain assets and liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option and the contractual aggregate unpaid principal amount at maturity.


 
                         
  March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 
 
                        
          Fair value         Fair value 
          carrying         carrying 
          amount         amount 
          less         less 
  Fair value Aggregate aggregate Fair value Aggregate aggregate 
  carrying unpaid unpaid carrying unpaid unpaid 
(in millions) amount principal principal amount principal principal 
  
 
                        
Mortgages held for sale:
                        
Total loans
   $28,931   29,071   (140) (1) 47,531   47,818   (287) (1)
Nonaccrual loans
  314   649   (335)  325   662   (337) 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
  34   44   (10)  38   47   (9) 
Loans held for sale:
                        
Total loans
  1,003   1,031   (28)  873   897   (24) 
Nonaccrual loans
  17   26   (9)  1   7   (6) 
Loans:
                        
Total loans
  98   120   (22)  309   348   (39) 
Nonaccrual loans
  11   14   (3)  13   16   (3) 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
  -   -   -   2   2    
Long-term debt
  99   121   (22)  306   353   (47) 
 
                        
  
(1) The difference between fair value carrying amount and aggregate unpaid principal includes changes in fair value recorded at and subsequent to funding, gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding, and premiums on acquired loans.

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The assets accounted for under the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The changes in fair value related to
initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value included in earnings for these assets measured at fair value are shown, by income statement line item, below.


 
                 
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
                
  2011 2010
 
                
  Mortgage banking      Mortgage banking    
  noninterest income      noninterest income   
 
                
  Net gains (losses) on  Other  Net gains (losses) on  Other 
  mortgage loan origination/  noninterest  mortgage loan origination/  noninterest 
(in millions) sales activities  income  sales activities  income 
 
Mortgages held for sale
   $     658   -   1,462   - 
Loans held for sale
  -   9   -   14 
Loans
  10   -   44   - 
Long-term debt
  (10)   -   (37)   - 
Other interests held
  -   10   -   (18) 
 
                
 

     The following table shows the estimated gains and losses from earnings attributable to instrument-specific credit risk related to assets accounted for under the fair value option.
 
         
  Quarter ended Mar. 31,
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Gains (losses) attributable to
        
instrument-specific credit risk:
        
Mortgages held for sale
   $    (59)  (22)
Loans held for sale
  9   14 
 
 
        
Total
   $(50)  (8)
 
     For performing loans, instrument-specific credit risk gains or losses were derived principally by determining the change in fair value of the loans due to changes in the observable or implied credit spread. Credit spread is the market yield on the loans less the relevant risk-free benchmark interest rate. In recent years spreads have been significantly affected by the lack of liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage loans. For nonperforming loans, we attribute all changes in fair value to instrument-specific credit risk.
 


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Note 13: Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (continued)
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments, excluding short-term financial assets and liabilities because carrying amounts approximate fair value, and excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts in the following table are recorded in the balance sheet under the indicated captions.
     We have not included assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments in our disclosure, such as the value of the long-term relationships with our deposit, credit card and trust customers, amortized MSRs, premises and equipment, goodwill and other intangibles, deferred taxes and other liabilities. The total of the fair value calculations presented does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.


 
                 
  March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 
                
  Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated
(in millions) amount fair value amount fair value
 
 
                
Financial assets
                
Mortgages held for sale (1)
 4,190   4,191   4,232   4,234 
Loans held for sale (2)
  425   445   417   441 
Loans, net (3)
  716,256   705,958   721,016   710,147 
Nonmarketable equity investments (cost method)
  8,246   8,751   8,494   8,814 
 
                
Financial liabilities
                
Deposits
  837,662   839,093   847,942   849,642 
Long-term debt (3)(4)
  148,346   150,859   156,651   159,996 
 
                
 
(1) Balance excludes MHFS for which the fair value option was elected.
 
(2) Balance excludes LHFS for which the fair value option was elected.
 
(3) At March 31, 2011, loans and long-term debt exclude balances for which the fair value option was elected. Loans exclude lease financing with a carrying amount of $12.9 billion at March 31, 2011, and $13.1 billion at December 31, 2010.
 
(4) The carrying amount and fair value exclude obligations under capital leases of $158 million at March 31, 2011, and $26 million at December 31, 2010.

     Loan commitments, standby letters of credit and commercial and similar letters of credit are not included in the table above. A reasonable estimate of the fair value of these instruments is the carrying value of deferred fees plus the related allowance. This amounted to $612 million at March 31, 2011, and $673 million at December 31, 2010.
 


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Note 14: Preferred Stock
 

We are authorized to issue 20 million shares of preferred stock and 4 million shares of preference stock, both without par value. Preferred shares outstanding rank senior to common shares both as to dividends and liquidation preference but have no general voting rights. We have not issued any preference shares under this authorization. If issued, preference shares would be limited to one vote per share. Our total issued and outstanding
preferred stock includes Dividend Equalization Preferred (DEP) shares and Series I, J, K and L, which are presented in the following tables, and Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, which are presented in the tables on the following page.


 
         
 March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
 
       
  Liquidation Shares
  preference authorized
  per share and designated
 
 
       
DEP Shares
       
Dividend Equalization Preferred Shares
  $     10   97,000 
 
       
Series A
       
Non-Cumulative Perpetual
       
Preferred Stock
 100,000   25,001 
 
       
Series B
       
Non-Cumulative Perpetual
       
Preferred Stock
 100,000   17,501 
 
       
Series G
       
7.25% Class A Preferred Stock
 15,000   50,000 
 
       
Series H
       
Floating Class A Preferred Stock
 20,000   50,000 
 
       
Series I
       
5.80% Fixed to Floating Class A
       
Preferred Stock
 100,000   25,010 
 
       
Series J
       
8.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual
       
Class A Preferred Stock
 1,000   2,300,000 
 
       
Series K
       
7.98% Fixed-to-Floating Non-Cumulative
       
Perpetual Class A Preferred Stock
 1,000   3,500,000 
 
       
Series L
       
7.50% Non-Cumulative Perpetual
       
Convertible Class A Preferred Stock
 1,000   4,025,000 
 
 
       
Total
     10,089,512 
 
 


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  March 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
  Shares             Shares        
  issued and     Carrying     issued and     Carrying  
(in millions, except shares) outstanding Par value value Discount outstanding Par value value Discount
 
 
                                
DEP Shares
                                
Dividend Equalization Preferred Shares
  96,546    $   -   -   -   96,546    $-   -   - 
 
                                
Series I (1)
                                
5.80% Fixed to Floating Class A Preferred Stock
  25,010   2,501   2,501   -   -   -   -   - 
 
                                
Series J (1)
                                
8.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Class A
                                
Preferred Stock
  2,150,375   2,150   1,995   155   2,150,375   2,150   1,995   155 
 
                                
Series K (1)
                                
7.98% Fixed-to-Floating Non-Cumulative
                                
Perpetual Class A Preferred Stock
  3,352,000   3,352   2,876   476   3,352,000   3,352   2,876   476 
 
                                
Series L (1)
                                
7.50% Non-Cumulative Perpetual
                                
Convertible Class A Preferred Stock
  3,968,000   3,968   3,200   768   3,968,000   3,968   3,200   768 
 
 
                                
Total
  9,591,931    $11,971   10,572   1,399   9,566,921    $9,470   8,071   1,399 
 
(1) Preferred shares qualify as Tier 1 capital.

     In March 2011, the Company issued preferred stock for Series I (25,010 shares with a par value of $2.5 billion) to an unconsolidated wholly-owned trust related to our income trust securities.
     We have a commitment to issue preferred stock for Series A ($2.5 billion) and Series B ($1.8 billion) to unconsolidated wholly-owned trusts. The issuance dates are dependent on the sale of our income trust securities held by these trusts to third party investors, but we expect those dates will be March 2013 and September 2013, respectively. See Note 7 for additional information on our trust preferred securities. We do not have a commitment to issue Series G or H preferred stock.
 


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ESOP CUMULATIVE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK All shares of our ESOP Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (ESOP Preferred Stock) were issued to a trustee acting on behalf of the Wells Fargo & Company 401(k) Plan (the 401(k) Plan). Dividends on the ESOP Preferred Stock are cumulative from the date of initial issuance and are payable quarterly at annual rates based upon the year of issuance. Each share of ESOP Preferred Stock released from the unallocated reserve of the 401(k) Plan is converted into shares of our common stock based on the stated
value of the ESOP Preferred Stock and the then current market price of our common stock. The ESOP Preferred Stock is also convertible at the option of the holder at any time, unless previously redeemed. We have the option to redeem the ESOP Preferred Stock at any time, in whole or in part, at a redemption price per share equal to the higher of (a) $1,000 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends or (b) the fair market value, as defined in the Certificates of Designation for the ESOP Preferred Stock.


 
                         
  Shares issued and outstanding  Carrying value Adjustable
  March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31,  dividend rate
(in millions, except shares) 2011 2010 2011 2010 Minimum Maximum
 
 
                        
ESOP Preferred Stock
$1,000 liquidation preference per share
                        
2011
  707,127   -    $707   -   9.00 % 10.00 
2010
  287,161   287,161   287   287   9.50   10.50 
2008
  104,854   104,854   105   105   10.50   11.50 
2007
  82,994   82,994   83   83   10.75   11.75 
2006
  58,632   58,632   59   59   10.75   11.75 
2005
  40,892   40,892   41   41   9.75   10.75 
2004
  26,815   26,815   27   27   8.50   9.50 
2003
  13,591   13,591   13   13   8.50   9.50 
2002
  3,443   3,443   3   3   10.50   11.50 
         
 
                        
Total ESOP Preferred Stock (1)
  1,325,509   618,382    $1,325   618         
         
 
                        
Unearned ESOP shares (2)
           $(1,430)  (663)        
 
                        
 
(1) At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, additional paid-in capital included $105 million and $45 million, respectively, related to preferred stock.
 
(2) We recorded a corresponding charge to unearned ESOP shares in connection with the issuance of the ESOP Preferred Stock. The unearned ESOP shares are reduced as shares of the ESOP Preferred Stock are committed to be released.

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Note 15: Employee Benefits
 

We sponsor a noncontributory qualified defined benefit retirement plan, the Wells Fargo & Company Cash Balance Plan (Cash Balance Plan), which covers eligible employees of
Wells Fargo; the benefits earned under the Cash Balance Plan were frozen effective July 1, 2009.
     The net periodic benefit cost was:


 
                         
  2011 2010
 
                        
  Pension benefits     Pension benefits  
 
                        
      Non- Other     Non- Other
(in millions) Qualified qualified benefits Qualified qualified benefits
 
 
                        
Quarter ended March 31,
                        
Service cost
   $     1   -   3   1   -   3 
Interest cost
  130   9   18   139   9   20 
Expected return on plan assets
  (189)  -   (10)  (179)  -   (7)
Amortization of net actuarial loss
  21   2   -   26   1   - 
Amortization of prior service credit
  -   -   (1)  -   -   (1)
Settlement
  2   -   -   -   -   - 
 
 
                        
Net periodic benefit cost (income)
   $(35)  11   10   (13)  10   15 
 

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Note 16: Earnings Per Common Share
 

The table below shows earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share and reconciles the numerator and denominator of both earnings per common share calculations.
 


 
         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
 
        
(in millions, except per share amounts) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Wells Fargo net income
   $3,759   2,547 
Less:   Preferred stock dividends and other (1)
  189   175 
 
 
        
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock (numerator)
   $3,570   2,372 
 
 
        
Earnings per common share
        
Average common shares outstanding (denominator)
  5,278.8   5,190.4 
Per share
   $0.68   0.46 
 
 
        
Diluted earnings per common share
        
Average common shares outstanding
  5,278.8   5,190.4 
Add:   Stock options
  37.8   31.1 
Restricted share rights
  16.5   3.7 
 
 
        
Diluted average common shares outstanding (denominator)
  5,333.1   5,225.2 
 
 
        
Per share
   $0.67   0.45 
 
(1) Includes $184 million of preferred stock dividends for both first quarter 2011 and 2010.

     The following table presents the outstanding options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock that were anti-dilutive (the exercise price was higher than the weighted-average market price), and therefore not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share.
 
         
  Weighted-average shares
 
        
  Quarter ended March 31,
 
        
(in millions) 2011  2010 
 
 
        
Options
  69.0   190.1 
Warrants
  39.4   110.3 
 
        
 
 


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Note 17: Operating Segments
 
We have three operating segments for management reporting: Community Banking; Wholesale Banking; and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement. The results for these operating segments are based on our management accounting process, for which there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance equivalent to GAAP for financial accounting. The management accounting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on our management structure and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial services companies. We define our operating segments by product type and customer segment. If the management structure and/or the allocation process changes, allocations, transfers and assignments may change. In first quarter 2010, we conformed certain funding and allocation methodologies of legacy Wachovia to those of Wells Fargo; in addition, integration expense related to mergers other than the Wachovia merger is now included in segment results. In fourth quarter 2010, we aligned certain lending businesses into Wholesale Banking from Community Banking to reflect our previously announced restructuring of Wells Fargo Financial. In first quarter 2011, we realigned a private equity business into Wholesale Banking from Community Banking. The prior periods have been revised to reflect these changes.
Community Banking offers a complete line of diversified financial products and services to consumers and small businesses with annual sales generally up to $20 million in which the owner generally is the financial decision maker. Community Banking also offers investment management and other services to retail customers and securities brokerage through affiliates. These products and services include the Wells Fargo Advantage FundsSM, a family of mutual funds. Loan products include lines of credit, auto floor plan lines, equity lines and loans, equipment and transportation loans, education loans, origination and purchase of residential mortgage loans and servicing of mortgage loans and credit cards. Other credit products and financial services available to small businesses and their owners include equipment leases, real estate and other commercial financing, Small Business Administration financing, venture capital financing, cash management, payroll services, retirement plans, Health Savings Accounts, credit cards, and merchant payment processing. Community Banking also purchases sales finance contracts from retail merchants throughout the United States and directly from auto dealers in Puerto Rico. Consumer and business deposit products include checking accounts, savings deposits, market rate accounts, Individual Retirement Accounts, time deposits and debit cards.
     Community Banking serves customers through a complete range of channels, including traditional banking stores, in-store banking centers, business centers, ATMs, Online and Mobile Banking, andWells Fargo Customer Connection, a 24-hours a day, seven days a week telephone service.
Wholesale Banking provides financial solutions to businesses across the United States with annual sales generally in excess of $20 million and to financial institutions globally. Wholesale
Banking provides a complete line of commercial, corporate, capital markets, cash management and real estate banking products and services. These include traditional commercial loans and lines of credit, letters of credit, asset-based lending, equipment leasing, international trade facilities, trade financing, collection services, foreign exchange services, treasury management, investment management, institutional fixed-income sales, interest rate, commodity and equity risk management, online/electronic products such as the Commercial Electronic Office® (CEO®) portal, insurance, corporate trust fiduciary and agency services, and investment banking services. Wholesale Banking manages customer investments through institutional separate accounts and mutual funds, including the Wells Fargo Advantage Funds and Wells Capital Management. Wholesale Banking also supports the CRE market with products and services such as construction loans for commercial and residential development, land acquisition and development loans, secured and unsecured lines of credit, interim financing arrangements for completed structures, rehabilitation loans, affordable housing loans and letters of credit, permanent loans for securitization, CRE loan servicing and real estate and mortgage brokerage services.
Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement provides a full range of financial advisory services to clients using a planning approach to meet each client’s needs. Wealth Management provides affluent and high net worth clients with a complete range of wealth management solutions, including financial planning, private banking, credit, investment management and trust. Family Wealth meets the unique needs of ultra high net worth customers. Brokerage serves customers’ advisory, brokerage and financial needs as part of one of the largest full-service brokerage firms in the United States. Retirement is a national leader in providing institutional retirement and trust services (including 401(k) and pension plan record keeping) for businesses, retail retirement solutions for individuals, and reinsurance services for the life insurance industry.
Other includes corporate items (such as integration expenses related to the Wachovia merger) not specific to a business segment and elimination of certain items that are included in more than one business segment.


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                  Wealth, Brokerage         Consolidated
(income/expense in millions, Community Banking Wholesale Banking and Retirement Other (1) Company
average balances in billions) 2011  2010  2011  2010  2011  2010  2011  2010  2011  2010 
 
 
                                        
Quarter ended March 31,
                                        
Net interest income (2)
$   7,543   8,253   2,755   2,554   696   664   (343)  (324)  10,651   11,147 
Provision for credit losses
  2,065   4,519   134   810   41   63   (30)  (62)  2,210   5,330 
Noninterest income
  5,094   5,711   2,705   2,869   2,454   2,246   (575)  (525)  9,678   10,301 
Noninterest expense
  7,605   7,205   2,800   2,685   2,559   2,390   (231)  (163)  12,733   12,117 
 
 
                                        
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
  2,967   2,240   2,526   1,928   550   457   (657)  (624)  5,386   4,001 
Income tax expense (benefit)
  742   777   872   688   208   173   (250)  (237)  1,572   1,401 
 
 
                                        
Net income (loss) before noncontrolling interests
  2,225   1,463   1,654   1,240   342   284   (407)  (387)  3,814   2,600 
Less: Net income from noncontrolling interests
  50   48   2   3   3   2   -   -   55   53 
 
 
                                        
Net income (loss) (3)
$   2,175   1,415   1,652   1,237   339   282   (407)  (387)  3,759   2,547 
 
 
                                        
Average loans
$   509.8   550.4   234.7   237.0   42.7   43.8   (33.1)  (33.8)  754.1   797.4 
Average assets
  759.9   776.8   399.6   369.5   146.5   137.8   (64.8)  (58.0)  1,241.2   1,226.1 
Average core deposits
  548.1   531.5   184.8   161.6   125.4   121.1   (61.5)  (55.0)  796.8   759.2 
 
                                        
 
 
(1) Includes Wachovia integration expenses and the elimination of items that are included in both Community Banking and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement, largely representing services and products for wealth management customers provided in Community Banking stores.
(2) Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on assets and the cost of liabilities to fund those assets. Interest earned includes actual interest earned on segment assets and, if the segment has excess liabilities, interest credits for providing funding to other segments. The cost of liabilities includes interest expense on segment liabilities and, if the segment does not have enough liabilities to fund its assets, a funding charge based on the cost of excess liabilities from another segment.
(3) Represents segment net income (loss) for Community Banking; Wholesale Banking; and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement segments and Wells Fargo net income for the consolidated company.

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Note 18: Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements
 
Following are the condensed consolidating financial statements of the Parent
and Wells Fargo Financial, Inc. and its owned subsidiaries (WFFI).
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
 
                     
          Other      
          consolidating     Consolidated
(in millions) Parent WFFI subsidiaries Eliminations Company
 
 
                    
Quarter ended March 31, 2011
                    
Dividends from subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
 $1,592   -   -   (1,592)  - 
Nonbank
  -   -   -   -   - 
Interest income from loans
  -   578   8,932   (123)  9,387 
Interest income from subsidiaries
  308   -   -   (308)  - 
Other interest income
  48   29   3,008   -   3,085 
 
 
                    
Total interest income
  1,948   607   11,940   (2,023)  12,472 
 
 
                    
Deposits
  -   -   615   -   615 
Short-term borrowings
  105   15   187   (281)  26 
Long-term debt
  694   167   393   (150)  1,104 
Other interest expense
  1   -   75   -   76 
 
 
                    
Total interest expense
  800   182   1,270   (431)  1,821 
 
 
                    
Net interest income
  1,148   425   10,670   (1,592)  10,651 
Provision for credit losses
  -   247   1,963   -   2,210 
 
 
                    
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
  1,148   178   8,707   (1,592)  8,441 
 
 
                    
Noninterest income
                    
Fee income – nonaffiliates
  -   28   5,846   -   5,874 
Other
  (3)  24   3,939   (156)  3,804 
 
 
                    
Total noninterest income
  (3)  52   9,785   (156)  9,678 
 
 
                    
Noninterest expense
                    
Salaries and benefits
  190   27   6,976   -   7,193 
Other
  153   145   5,398   (156)  5,540 
 
 
                    
Total noninterest expense
  343   172   12,374   (156)  12,733 
 
 
                    
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) and
equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
  802   58   6,118   (1,592)  5,386 
Income tax expense (benefit)
  (434)  15   1,991   -   1,572 
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
  2,523   -   -   (2,523)  - 
 
 
                    
Net income (loss) before noncontrolling interests
  3,759   43   4,127   (4,115)  3,814 
Less: Net income from noncontrolling interests
  -   -   55   -   55 
 
 
                    
Parent, WFFI, Other and Wells Fargo net income (loss)
 $3,759   43   4,072   (4,115)  3,759 
 
 
                    
Quarter ended March 31, 2010
                    
Dividends from subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
 $-   -   -   -   - 
Nonbank
  6   -   -   (6)  - 
Interest income from loans
  -   726   9,350   (38)  10,038 
Interest income from subsidiaries
  348   -   -   (348)  - 
Other interest income
  78   30   3,079   -   3,187 
 
 
                    
Total interest income
  432   756   12,429   (392)  13,225 
 
 
                    
Deposits
  -   -   735   -   735 
Short-term borrowings
  23   9   94   (108)  18 
Long-term debt
  718   287   549   (278)  1,276 
Other interest expense
  -   -   49   -   49 
 
 
                    
Total interest expense
  741   296   1,427   (386)  2,078 
 
 
                    
Net interest income
  (309)  460   11,002   (6)  11,147 
Provision for credit losses
  -   321   5,009   -   5,330 
 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
  (309)  139   5,993   (6)  5,817 
 
 
                    
Noninterest income
                    
Fee income – nonaffiliates
  -   28   5,779   -   5,807 
Other
  211   47   4,387   (151)  4,494 
 
 
                    
Total noninterest income
  211   75   10,166   (151)  10,301 
 
 
                    
Noninterest expense
                    
Salaries and benefits
  (33)  70   6,591   -   6,628 
Other
  258   147   5,235   (151)  5,489 
 
 
                    
Total noninterest expense
  225   217   11,826   (151)  12,117 
 
 
                    
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) and
equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
  (323)  (3)  4,333   (6)  4,001 
Income tax expense (benefit)
  (90)  (1)  1,492   -   1,401 
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
  2,780   -   -   (2,780)  - 
 
 
                    
Net income (loss) before noncontrolling interests
  2,547   (2)  2,841   (2,786)  2,600 
Less: Net income from noncontrolling interests
  -   -   53   -   53 
 
 
                    
Parent, WFFI, Other and Wells Fargo net income (loss)
 $2,547   (2)  2,788   (2,786)  2,547 
 

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
 
                     
          Other      
          consolidating     Consolidated
(in millions) Parent WFFI subsidiaries Eliminations Company
 
 
                    
March 31, 2011
                    
 
                    
Assets
                    
Cash and cash equivalents due from:
                    
Subsidiary banks
 $31,906   232   -   (32,138)  - 
Nonaffiliates
  24   186   109,809   -   110,019 
Securities available for sale
  2,390   2,687   162,829   -   167,906 
Mortgages and loans held for sale
  -   -   34,549   -   34,549 
 
                    
Loans
  7   29,359   738,193   (16,404)  751,155 
Loans to subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
  3,885   -   -   (3,885)  - 
Nonbank
  52,081   -   -   (52,081)  - 
Allowance for loan losses
  -   (1,670)  (20,313)  -   (21,983)
 
 
                    
Net loans
  55,973   27,689   717,880   (72,370)  729,172 
 
 
                    
Investments in subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
  135,857   -   -   (135,857)  - 
Nonbank
  15,600   -   -   (15,600)  - 
Other assets
  8,815   1,161   194,226   (1,182)  203,020 
 
 
                    
Total assets
 $250,565   31,955   1,219,293   (257,147)  1,244,666 
 
 
                    
Liabilities and equity
                    
Deposits
 $-   -   869,800   (32,138)  837,662 
Short-term borrowings
  785   15,977   86,275   (48,300)  54,737 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  7,294   1,566   61,043   (1,182)  68,721 
Long-term debt
  96,767   12,746   50,912   (11,822)  148,603 
Indebtedness to subsidiaries
  12,248   -   -   (12,248)  - 
 
 
                    
Total liabilities
  117,094   30,289   1,068,030   (105,690)  1,109,723 
 
 
                    
Parent, WFFI, Other and Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity
  133,471   1,666   149,791   (151,457)  133,471 
Noncontrolling interests
  -   -   1,472   -   1,472 
 
 
                    
Total equity
  133,471   1,666   151,263   (151,457)  134,943 
 
 
                    
Total liabilities and equity
 $250,565   31,955   1,219,293   (257,147)  1,244,666 
 
 
                    
December 31, 2010
                    
 
                    
Assets
                    
Cash and cash equivalents due from:
                    
Subsidiary banks
 $30,240   154   -   (30,394)  - 
Nonaffiliates
  9   212   96,460   -   96,681 
Securities available for sale
  2,368   2,742   167,544   -   172,654 
Mortgages and loans held for sale
  -   -   53,053   -   53,053 
 
                    
Loans
  7   30,329   742,807   (15,876)  757,267 
Loans to subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
  3,885   -   -   (3,885)  - 
Nonbank
  53,382   -   -   (53,382)  - 
Allowance for loan losses
  -   (1,709)  (21,313)  -   (23,022)
 
 
                    
Net loans
  57,274   28,620   721,494   (73,143)  734,245 
 
 
                    
Investments in subsidiaries:
                    
Bank
  133,867   -   -   (133,867)  - 
Nonbank
  14,904   -   -   (14,904)  - 
Other assets
  8,363   1,316   192,821   (1,005)  201,495 
 
 
                    
Total assets
 $247,025   33,044   1,231,372   (253,313)  1,258,128 
 
 
                    
Liabilities and equity
                    
Deposits
 $-   -   878,336   (30,394)  847,942 
Short-term borrowings
  2,412   14,490   86,523   (48,024)  55,401 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
  6,819   1,685   62,414   (1,005)  69,913 
Long-term debt
  99,745   15,240   55,476   (13,478)  156,983 
Indebtedness to subsidiaries
  11,641   -   -   (11,641)  - 
 
 
                    
Total liabilities
  120,617   31,415   1,082,749   (104,542)  1,130,239 
 
 
                    
Parent, WFFI, Other and Wells Fargo stockholders’ equity
  126,408   1,618   147,153   (148,771)  126,408 
Noncontrolling interests
  -   11   1,470   -   1,481 
 
 
                    
Total equity
  126,408   1,629   148,623   (148,771)  127,889 
 
 
                    
Total liabilities and equity
 $247,025   33,044   1,231,372   (253,313)  1,258,128 
 

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Note 18: Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements (continued)
 
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
 
                                 
  Quarter ended March 31,
  2011 2010
          Other             Other  
          consolidating             consolidating  
          subsidiaries/ Consolidated         subsidiaries/ Consolidated
(in millions) Parent WFFI eliminations Company Parent WFFI eliminations Company
   
 
                                
Cash flows from operating activities:
                                
Net cash provided
by operating activities
 $2,409   394   14,408   17,211   600   601   7,680   8,881 
   
 
                                
Cash flows from investing activities:
                                
Securities available for sale:
                                
Sales proceeds
  152   92   15,117   15,361   289   271   1,235   1,795 
Prepayments and maturities
  -   60   11,591   11,651   -   19   9,276   9,295 
Purchases
  (117)  (100)  (18,614)  (18,831)  (29)  (314)  (3,848)  (4,191)
Loans:
                                
Loans originated by banking subsidiaries, net of principal collected
  -   152   (366)  (214)  -   118   15,414   15,532 
Proceeds from sales (including participations) of loans originated for investment by banking subsidiaries
  -   -   2,165   2,165   -   -   1,341   1,341 
Purchases (including participations) of loans by banking subsidiaries
  -   -   (644)  (644)  -   -   (566)  (566)
Principal collected on nonbank entities’ loans
  -   2,549   (3)  2,546   -   2,901   1,385   4,286 
Loans originated by nonbank entities
  -   (1,903)  (1)  (1,904)  -   (1,635)  (1,226)  (2,861)
Net repayments from (advances to) subsidiaries
  (212)  (82)  294   -   145   (704)  559   - 
Capital notes and term loans made to subsidiaries
  (364)  -   364   -   -   -   -   - 
Principal collected on notes/loans made to subsidiaries
  1,900   -   (1,900)  -   3,983   -   (3,983)  - 
Net decrease (increase) in investment in subsidiaries
  (13)  -   13   -   1,403   -   (1,403)  - 
Other, net
  14   29   (8,941)  (8,898)  1   20   (11,957)  (11,936)
   
 
                                
Net cash provided (used)
by investing activities
  1,360   797   (925)  1,232   5,792   676   6,227   12,695 
   
 
                                
Cash flows from financing activities:
                                
Net change in:
                                
Deposits
  -   -   (10,280)  (10,280)  -   -   (19,125)  (19,125)
Short-term borrowings
  (1,076)  1,487   (1,075)  (664)  (343)  (243)  2,826   2,240 
Long-term debt:
                                
Proceeds from issuance
  3,238   513   1,466   5,217   1,340   -   75   1,415 
Repayment
  (6,500)  (3,128)  (4,305)  (13,933)  (9,735)  (1,132)  (5,641)  (16,508)
Preferred stock:
                                
Proceeds from issuance
  2,501   -   -   2,501   -   -   -   - 
Cash dividends paid
  (251)  -   -   (251)  (251)  -   -   (251)
Common stock:
                                
Proceeds from issuance
  634   -   -   634   464   -   -   464 
Repurchased
  (55)  -   -   (55)  (38)  -   -   (38)
Cash dividends paid
  (634)  -   -   (634)  (260)  -   -   (260)
Excess tax benefits related to stock option payments
  55   -   -   55   51   -   -   51 
Net change in noncontrolling interests
  -   (11)  (88)  (99)  -   -   (343)  (343)
   
 
                                
Net cash used by
financing activities
  (2,088)  (1,139)  (14,282)  (17,509)  (8,772)  (1,375)  (22,208)  (32,355)
   
 
                                
Net change in cash and
due from banks
  1,681   52   (799)  934   (2,380)  (98)  (8,301)  (10,779)
Cash and due from banks
at beginning of period
  30,249   366   (14,571)  16,044   27,314   454   (688)  27,080 
   
 
                                
Cash and due from banks
at end of period
 $31,930   418   (15,370)  16,978   24,934   356   (8,989)  16,301 
 

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Note 19: Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements
 
The Company and each of its subsidiary banks are subject to regulatory capital adequacy requirements promulgated by federal regulatory agencies. The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company, and the OCC has similar requirements for the Company’s national banks, including Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
      We do not consolidate our wholly-owned trusts (the Trusts) formed solely to issue trust preferred securities. Trust preferred securities and perpetual preferred purchase securities issued by the Trusts includable in Tier 1 capital were $13.5 billion at March 31, 2011. The junior subordinated debentures held by the Trusts were included in the Company’s long-term debt.
      Certain subsidiaries of the Company are approved seller/servicers, and are therefore required to maintain minimum levels of shareholders’ equity, as specified by various agencies, including the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, GNMA, FHLMC and FNMA. At March 31, 2011, each seller/servicer met these requirements. Certain broker-dealer subsidiaries of the Company are subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1 (the Net Capital Rule), which requires that we maintain minimum levels of net capital, as defined. At March 31, 2011, each of these subsidiaries met these requirements.
      The following table presents regulatory capital information for Wells Fargo & Company and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.


                         
 
  Wells Fargo & Company  Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.  Well-  Minimum 
  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31,  Mar. 31,  Dec. 31,  capitalized  capital 
(in billions, except ratios) 2011   2010   2011   2010   ratios (1)  ratios (1) 
 
 
                        
Regulatory capital:
                        
Tier 1
 $110.8   109.4   92.0   90.2         
Total
  147.3   147.1   118.0   117.1         
 
                        
Assets:
                        
Risk-weighted
 $962.9   980.0   883.4   895.2         
Adjusted average (2)
  1,194.7   1,189.5   1,047.7   1,057.7         
 
                        
Capital ratios:
                        
Tier 1 capital
  11.50%  11.16   10.42   10.07   6.00   4.00 
Total capital
  15.30   15.01   13.36   13.09   10.00   8.00 
Tier 1 leverage (2)
  9.27   9.19   8.78   8.52   5.00   4.00 
 
                        
 
 
(1) As defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC.
(2) The leverage ratio consists of Tier 1 capital divided by quarterly average total assets, excluding goodwill and certain other items. The minimum leverage ratio guideline is 3% for banking organizations that do not anticipate significant growth and that have well-diversified risk, excellent asset quality, high liquidity, good earnings, effective management and monitoring of market risk and, in general, are considered top-rated, strong banking organizations.

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Glossary of Acronyms
 
   
ACL
 Allowance for credit losses
ALCO
 Asset/Liability Management Committee
ARS
 Auction rate security
ASC
 Accounting Standards Codification
ASU
 Accounting Standards Update
ARM
 Adjustable-rate mortgage
AVM
 Automated valuation model
CD
 Certificate of deposit
CDO
 Collateralized debt obligation
CLO
 Collateralized loan obligation
CLTV
 Combined loan-to-value
CPP
 Capital Purchase Program
CPR
 Constant prepayment rate
CRE
 Commercial real estate
ESOP
 Employee Stock Ownership Plan
FAS
 Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
FASB
 Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC
 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFELPFederal Family Education Loan Program
FHA
 Federal Housing Administration
FHLB
 Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC
 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Company
FICO
 Fair Isaac Corporation (credit rating)
FNMA
 Federal National Mortgage Association
FRB
 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
GAAP
 Generally accepted accounting principles
GNMA
 Government National Mortgage Association
GSE
 Government-sponsored entity
HAMP
 Home Affordability Modification Program
HPI
 Home Price Index
LHFS
 Loans held for sale
LIBOR
 London Interbank Offered Rate
LOCOM
 Lower of cost or market value
LTV
 Loan-to-value
MBS
 Mortgage-backed security
MERS
 Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.
MHFS
 Mortgages held for sale
MSR
 Mortgage servicing right
MTNMedium-term note
NAV
 Net asset value
   
NPA
 Nonperforming asset
OCC
 Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI
 Other comprehensive income
OTC
 Over-the-counter
OTTI
 Other-than-temporary impairment
PCI Loans
 Purchased credit-impaired loans
PTPP
 Pre-tax pre-provision profit
RBC
 Risk-based capital
ROA
 Wells Fargo net income to average total assets
ROE
 Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock to average Wells Fargo common stockholders’ equity
SEC
 Securities and Exchange Commission
S&P
 Standard & Poor’s
SPE
 Special purpose entity
TARP
 Troubled Asset Relief Program
TDR
 Troubled debt restructuring
VA
 Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR
 Value-at-risk
VIE
 Variable interest entity
WFFCC
 Wells Fargo Financial Canada Corporation
WFFI
 Wells Fargo Financial, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries


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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings
    Information in response to this item can be found in Note 11 (Legal Actions) to Financial Statements in this Report which information is incorporated by reference into this item.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
 
  Information in response to this item can be found under the “Financial Review – Risk Factors” section in this Report which information is incorporated by reference into this item.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table shows Company repurchases of its common stock for each calendar month in the quarter ended March 31, 2011.
             
 
          Maximum number of 
  Total number     shares that may yet
  of shares Weighted-average be purchased under
Calendar month repurchased (1)  price paid per share  the authorizations 
 
 
            
January
  370,577  $32.19   2,701,677 
February
  884,215   33.54   1,817,462 
March
  432,579   31.81   201,384,883 
         
 
            
Total
  1,687,371         
         
 
            
 
 
(1) All shares were repurchased under two authorizations covering up to 25 million and 200 million shares of common stock approved by the Board of Directors and publicly announced by the Company on September 23, 2008, and March 18, 2011, respectively. Unless modified or revoked by the Board, these authorizations do not expire.
The following table shows Company repurchases of the warrants for each calendar month in the quarter ended March 31, 2011.
             
 
  Total number     Maximum dollar value
  of warrants Average price of warrants that
Calendar month repurchased (1) paid per warrant may yet be purchased
 
 
            
January
  -  $-   454,692,072 
February
  -   -   454,692,072 
March
  -   -   454,692,072 
         
 
            
Total
  -         
         
 
            
 
 
(1) No warrants were purchased in first quarter 2011. Warrants are purchased under the authorization covering up to $1 billion in warrants approved by the Board of Directors (ratified and approved on June 22, 2010.) Unless modified or revoked by the Board, authorization does not expire.

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Item 6.        Exhibits
A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits and is incorporated herein by reference.
The Company’s SEC file number is 001-2979. On and before November 2, 1998, the Company filed documents with the SEC under the name Norwest Corporation. The former Wells Fargo & Company filed documents under SEC file number 001-6214.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
     
Dated: May 6, 2011 WELLS FARGO & COMPANY
 
 
 
 By:  /s/ RICHARD D. LEVY  
  Richard D. Levy  
  Executive Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer) 
 
 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit    
Number Description Location
 
    
3(a)
 Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and in effect on the date hereof. Filed herewith.
 
    
3(b)
 By-Laws. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 28, 2011.
 
    
4(a)
 See Exhibits 3(a) and 3(b).  
 
    
4(b)
 The Company agrees to furnish upon request to the Commission a copy of each instrument defining the rights of holders of senior and subordinated debt of the Company.  
 
    
10(a)
 Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for grants on or after February 22, 2011. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
    
10 (b)
 Form of Restricted Share Rights Agreement for grants on or after February 22, 2011. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
    
10(c)
 Wells Fargo Bonus Plan, as amended effective January 1, 2011. Filed herewith.
 
    
10(d)
 Amendment to Directors Stock Compensation and Deferral Plan, effective January 25, 2011. Filed herewith.
 
    
   12(a)
 Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges:      Filed herewith.
 
 
    
         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
  2011  2010 
 
Including interest on deposits
  3.79   2.79 
 
        
Excluding interest on deposits
  5.11   3.69 
 
     
12(b)
 Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends:   
Filed herewith.
 
 
    
         
  Quarter ended March 31, 
  2011  2010 
 
Including interest on deposits
  3.32   2.49 
 
        
Excluding interest on deposits
  4.23   3.12 
 

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Exhibit    
Number Description Location
 
    
31(a)
 Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
 
31(b)
 Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Filed herewith.
 
    
32(a)
 Certification of Periodic Financial Report by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and 18 U.S.C. § 1350. Furnished herewith.
 
    
32(b)
 Certification of Periodic Financial Report by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and 18 U.S.C. § 1350. Furnished herewith.
 
    
101*
 Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2011, is formatted in XBRL interactive data files: (i) Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010; (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010; (iii) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010; and (v) Notes to Financial Statements. Furnished herewith.
 
 
*As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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