State Street Corporation - 10-Q quarterly report FY2025 Q1

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-07511

STATE STREET CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

04-2456637

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Congress Street

Boston,

02114

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(617)

786-3000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $1 par value per share

STT

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/4,000th ownership interest in a share of

STT.PRG

New York Stock Exchange

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G, without par value per share

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of April 29, 2025 was 285,181,612.

STATE STREET CORPORATION

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED

March 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	4
	General	4
	Overview of Financial Results	8
	Consolidated Results of Operations	10
	Total Revenue	10
	Net Interest Income	16
	Provision for Credit Losses	19
	Expenses	19

	Repositioning Charges	20
	Income Tax Expense	20
	Line of Business Information	20
	Investment Servicing	20
	Investment Management	21
	Financial Condition	21
	Investment Securities	22
	Loans	25

	Risk Management	26
	Credit and Counterparty Risk Management	26
	Liquidity Risk Management	27
	Operational Risk Management	30
	Information Technology Risk Management	30
	Market Risk Management	30
	Model Risk Management	34
	Strategic Risk Management	35
	Capital	35
	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements	42

	Recent Accounting Developments	43
	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
	Controls and Procedures	44
	Consolidated Financial Statements	45
	Consolidated Statement of Income (unaudited)	45
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)	46
	Consolidated Statement of Condition	47
	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (unaudited)	48
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)	49
	Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	50
	Note 2. Fair Value	50
	Note 3. Investment Securities	53
	Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses	57
	Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	62
	Note 6. Other Assets	63
	Note 7. Derivative Financial Instruments	63

State Street Corporation | 2


	Note 8. Offsetting Arrangements	66
	Note 9. Commitments and Guarantees	69
	Note 10. Contingencies	69
	Note 11. Variable Interest Entities	71
	Note 12. Shareholders' Equity	72
	Note 13. Regulatory Capital	74
	Note 14. Net Interest Income	76
	Note 15. Expenses	76
	Note 16. Earnings Per Common Share	77
	Note 17. Line of Business Information	77
	Note 18. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	78
	Note 19. Non-U.S. Activities	79
	Note 20. Subsequent Events	79
	Review Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	80

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	83
Item 5	Other Information	83
Item 6	Exhibits	84
	Signatures	85

We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined in the acronyms list and glossary following the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

State Street Corporation | 3

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

GENERAL

State Street Corporation is one of the world’s leading providers of financial services to institutional investors, including investment services, markets and financing solutions and investment management. Our clients - asset managers and owners, insurance companies, wealth managers, official institutions, and central banks - rely on us to deliver solutions that support their business objectives across the investment life cycle.

State Street Corporation, referred to as the Parent Company, is a financial holding company organized in 1969 under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Parent Company is a source of financial and managerial strength to our subsidiaries. Through our subsidiaries, including our principal banking subsidiary, State Street Bank and Trust Company, referred to as State Street Bank, we operate in more than 100 geographic markets worldwide, including in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We provide a broad range of financial products and services to institutional investors worldwide, with $46.73 trillion of AUC/A and $4.67 trillion of AUM as of March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025, we had consolidated total assets of $372.69 billion, consolidated total deposits of $272.06 billion, consolidated total shareholders' equity of $26.69 billion and approximately 53,000 employees.

Our operations are organized into two lines of business, Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided.

Additional information about our lines of business is provided in "Line of Business Information" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (Form 10-Q).

Our corporate headquarters is located at One Congress Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 (telephone (617) 786-3000). For purposes of this Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, references to "State Street," "we," "us," "our" or similar terms mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

This Management's Discussion and Analysis is part of this Form 10-Q and updates the Management's Discussion and Analysis in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 previously filed with the SEC (2024 Form 10-K). The financial information

contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial and other information contained in our 2024 Form 10-K. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in its application of certain accounting policies that materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses.

The significant accounting policies that require us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that are difficult, subjective or complex, about matters that are uncertain and may change in subsequent periods include:

•Recurring fair value measurements;

•Allowance for credit losses;

•Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets; and

•Contingencies.

These significant accounting policies require the most subjective or complex judgments, and underlying estimates and assumptions could be subject to revision as new information becomes available. For additional information about these significant accounting policies refer to pages 117 to 119, “Significant Accounting Estimates” included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2024 Form 10-K. We did not change these significant accounting policies in the first three months of 2025.

Certain financial information provided in this Form 10-Q, including this Management's Discussion and Analysis, is presented using both a U.S. GAAP, or reported basis, and a non-GAAP basis, including certain non-GAAP measures used in the calculation of identified regulatory ratios. We measure and compare certain financial information on a non-GAAP basis, including information that management uses in evaluating our business and activities. Non-GAAP financial information should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or as superior to, financial information prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Any non-GAAP financial information presented in this Form 10-Q, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, is reconciled to its most

State Street Corporation | 4

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

directly comparable currently applicable regulatory ratio or U.S. GAAP-basis measure. As part of our non-GAAP-basis measures, we present a fully taxable-equivalent NII that reports non-taxable revenue, such as interest income associated with tax-exempt investment securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, which we believe facilitates an investor's understanding and analysis of our underlying financial performance and trends.

We provide additional disclosures required by applicable bank regulatory standards, including supplemental qualitative and quantitative information with respect to regulatory capital (including market risk associated with our trading activities), the LCR and NSFR, summary results of annual State Street-run stress tests which we conduct under the Dodd-Frank Act, and recovery and resolution plan disclosures. These additional disclosures are accessible on the "Filings & reports" tab of our website at investors.statestreet.com.

We have included the website address of State Street (including investors.statestreet.com) and the SEC in this report as an inactive textual reference only. Information on those websites (or any other) is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q.

We use acronyms and other defined terms for certain business terms and abbreviations, as defined in the acronyms list and glossary following the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q, as well as other reports and proxy materials submitted by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registration statements filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, our annual report to shareholders and other public statements we may make, may contain statements (including statements in our Management's Discussion and Analysis included in such reports, as applicable) that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws, including statements about our goals and expectations regarding our business, financial and capital condition, results of operations, strategies, cost savings and transformation initiatives, investment portfolio performance, dividend and stock purchase programs, acquisitions, outcomes of legal proceedings, market growth, joint ventures and divestitures, client growth, new technologies, services and opportunities, sustainability and impact, human capital and climate, as well as industry, governmental, regulatory, economic and market trends, initiatives and developments, the business environment and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts.

Terminology such as “expect,” “outlook,” “will,” “goal,” “target,” “strategy,” “may,” “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “objective,” “forecast,” “believe,” “priority,”

“anticipate,” “seek,” and “trend,” or similar statements or variations of such terms, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.

Forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which change over time, are based on management's expectations and assumptions at the time the statements are made and are not guarantees of future results. Management's expectations and assumptions, and the continued validity of the forward-looking statements, are subject to change due to a broad range of factors affecting the U.S. and global economies, regulatory environment and the equity, debt, currency and other financial markets, as well as factors specific to State Street and its subsidiaries, including State Street Bank. Factors that could cause changes in the expectations or assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based cannot be foreseen with certainty. Important factors that in the future could cause actual results to differ materially from those envisaged in forward-looking statements, and that in some cases have affected us in the past, include, but are not limited to:

Strategic Risks

•We are subject to intense competition, which could negatively affect our profitability;

•We are subject to significant pricing pressure and variability in our financial results and our AUC/A and AUM;

•Our development and completion of new products and services, including State Street Alpha® and those related to wealth servicing, alternative investment management or digital assets or incorporating artificial intelligence, may impose costs on us, involve dependencies on third parties and may expose us to increased risks;

•Acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures and divestitures, and the integration, retention and development of the benefits of these transactions, pose risks for our business; and

•Competition for qualified members of our workforce is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the highly skilled people we need to support our business.

Financial Market Risks

•We could be adversely affected by political, geopolitical, economic and market conditions, including, for example, as a result of liquidity or capital deficiencies (actual or perceived) by other financial institutions and related market and government actions, changes in U.S. trade or other policies or those policies

State Street Corporation | 5

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

of other nations, the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and in the Middle East, major political shifts domestically or internationally (including the potential for retaliatory actions by governments, market participants or clients based on diverging perspectives or otherwise), actions taken by central banks in an attempt to address prevailing economic conditions, changes in monetary policy or periods of significant volatility in the markets for equity, fixed income and other asset classes globally or within specific markets;

•We have significant operations, and clients, in many markets and jurisdictions globally that can be adversely impacted, locally or more broadly, by disruptions in those or other markets or economies, including local, regional and geopolitical developments affecting those markets or economies;

•Our investment securities portfolio, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the financial markets, governmental action or monetary policy. For example, among other risks, changes in prevailing interest rates or market conditions have led, and were they to persist or occur in the future could further lead, to decreases in our NII or to portfolio management decisions resulting in reductions in our capital or liquidity ratios;

•Our business activities expose us to interest rate risk;

•We assume significant credit risk of counterparties, who may also have substantial financial dependencies on other financial institutions, and these credit exposures and concentrations could expose us to financial loss;

•Our fee revenue represents a significant portion of our revenue and is subject to and may decline based on, among other factors, market and currency declines, investment activities and preferences of our clients and their business mix, as well as the timing of new business onboarding;

•If we are unable to effectively manage our capital and liquidity, our financial condition, capital ratios, results of operations and business prospects could be adversely affected;

•Our calculations of risk exposures, total RWA and capital ratios depend on data inputs, formulae, models, correlations and assumptions that are subject to change, which could materially impact our risk

exposures, our total RWA and our capital ratios from period to period;

•We may need to raise additional capital or debt in the future, which may not be available to us or may only be available on unfavorable terms; and

•If we experience a downgrade in our credit ratings, or an actual or perceived reduction in our financial strength, our borrowing and capital costs, liquidity and reputation could be adversely affected.

Compliance and Regulatory Risks

•Our business and capital-related activities, including common share repurchases, may be adversely affected by regulatory requirements and considerations, including capital, credit and liquidity;

•We face extensive and changing government regulation and supervision in the U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions in which we operate, which may increase our costs and compliance risks and may affect our business activities and strategies;

•Our businesses may be adversely affected by government enforcement and litigation;

•Our businesses may be adversely affected by increased and conflicting political, regulatory and client scrutiny of asset management, stewardship and corporate sustainability or Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices;

•Any misappropriation of the confidential information we possess could have an adverse impact on our business and could subject us to regulatory actions, litigation and other adverse effects;

•Changes in accounting standards may adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial condition;

•Changes in tax laws, rules or regulations, challenges to our tax positions and changes in the composition of our pre-tax earnings may increase our effective tax rate;

•We could face liabilities for withholding and other non-income taxes, including in connection with our services to clients, as a result of tax authority examinations; and

•Our businesses may be negatively affected by adverse publicity or other reputational harm.

Operational and Technology Risks

•Attacks or unauthorized access to our or our business partners' or clients' information technology systems or facilities, such as

State Street Corporation | 6

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

cyber-attacks or other disruptions to our or their operations, could result in significant costs, reputational damage and impacts on our business activities;

•Our business may be negatively affected by risks associated with strategic initiatives we are undertaking to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations and of our cybersecurity and technology infrastructure or by our failure to meet the related, resiliency or other expectations of our clients and regulators, or as a result of a cyber-attack or similar vulnerability in our or business partners' infrastructure;

•Our risk management framework, models and processes may not be effective in identifying or mitigating risk and reducing the potential for related losses, and a failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures, or errors or delays in our operational and transaction processing, or those of third parties, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and reputation;

•Shifting and maintaining operational activities to non-U.S. jurisdictions, changing our operating model, and outsourcing to, or insourcing from, third parties expose us to increased operational risk, geopolitical risk and reputational harm and may not result in expected cost savings or operational improvements;

•Long-term contracts and customizing service delivery for clients expose us to increased operational risk, pricing and performance risk;

•The quantitative models we use to manage our business may contain errors that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, operating results and regulatory compliance, and lapses in disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting could occur, any of which could result in material harm;

•We may not be able to protect our intellectual property or may infringe upon the rights of third parties;

•Our reputation and business prospects may be damaged if investors in the collective investment pools we sponsor or manage incur substantial losses in these investment pools or are restricted in redeeming their interests in these investment pools;

•The impacts of global regulatory requirements and expectations, shifting client preferences, and disclosure requirements

related to climate risks and sustainability standards could adversely affect us; and

•We may incur losses or face negative impacts on our business as a result of unforeseen events, including terrorist attacks, geopolitical events, acute or chronic physical risk events, including natural disasters, pandemics, global conflicts, or a banking crisis, which may have a negative impact on our business and operations.

Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in our forward-looking statements and from our historical financial results due to the factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q or disclosed in our other SEC filings. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q should not be relied on as representing our expectations or assumptions as of any time subsequent to the time this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to revise our forward-looking statements after the time they are made. The factors discussed herein are not intended to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties that may affect our businesses. We cannot anticipate all developments that may adversely affect our business or operations or our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Forward-looking statements should not be viewed as predictions and should not be the primary basis on which investors evaluate State Street. Any investor in State Street should consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in particular our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, and our registration statements filed under the Securities Act of 1933, all of which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or on the "Filings & reports" tab of our website at investors.statestreet.com.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS


TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2025			2024
Total fee revenue	$	2,570		$	2,422		6	%
Net interest income	714			716			—

Total revenue	3,284			3,138			5

Provision for credit losses	12			27			(56)
Total expenses	2,450			2,513			(3)
Income before income tax expense	822			598			37
Income tax expense	178			135			32

Net income	$	644		$	463		39
Adjustments to net income:
Dividends on preferred stock(1)	$	(46)		$	(45)		(2)

Earnings allocated to participating securities(2)	(1)			—			nm
Net income available to common shareholders	$	597		$	418		43
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	2.07		$	1.38		50
Diluted	2.04			1.37			49
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	288,562			301,991			(4)
Diluted	292,716			305,943			(4)
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.76		$	0.69		10
Return on average common equity	10.6		%	7.7		%	290		bps
Pre-tax margin	25.0			19.1			590

(1) Additional information about our preferred stock dividends is provided in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

(2) Represents the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities, composed of unvested and fully vested supplemental executive retirement plans (SERP) shares and fully vested deferred director stock awards, which are equity-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and are considered to participate with the common stock in undistributed earnings.

nm Not meaningful

The following “Financial Results and Highlights” section provides information related to significant events, as well as highlights of our consolidated financial results for the first quarter of 2025 presented in Table 1: Overview of Financial Results. More detailed information about our consolidated financial results, including the comparison of our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024, is provided under “Consolidated Results of Operations”, "Line of Business Information" and "Capital" which follows these sections, as well as in our consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Financial Results and Highlights

First quarter of 2025 financial performance

•Earnings per share (EPS) of 2.04 in the first quarter of 2025 increased 49% as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily driven by higher total revenue and lower total expenses, which reflected the absence of a prior-year notable item. The prior-year notable item was due to a special assessment by the FDIC related to the 2023 closures of SVB and Signature Bank and represented 28% points of the increase.

•Total revenue increased 5% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting higher fee revenue.

•Total expenses decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as the absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item and savings were partially offset by higher business investments. The absence of the prior-year notable item represented 5% points of the decrease.

•Pre-tax margin of 25.0% in the first quarter of 2025 increased from 19.1% in the same period of 2024, while return on equity of 10.6% in the first quarter of 2025 increased from 7.7% in the same period of 2024. Both increases were primarily driven by higher total revenue and lower total expenses. The absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item represented approximately 4% points of the increase in pre-tax margin and approximately 2% points of the increase in return on equity.

•Operating leverage was 7.2% points in the first quarter of 2025, primarily reflecting the absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item, which represented 5.4% points of operating leverage. Operating leverage represents the difference between the percentage change in total revenue and the percentage change in total expenses, in each case relative to the same period of the prior year.

•Fee operating leverage was 8.6% points in the first quarter of 2025, primarily reflecting the absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item, which represented 5.3% points of fee operating leverage. Fee operating leverage represents the difference between the percentage change in total fee revenue and the percentage change in total expenses, in each case relative to the same period of the prior year.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

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•We returned a total of $320 million to our shareholders in the form of common share repurchases and common stock dividends.

Notable Items

•There were no notable items in the first quarter of 2025.

•First quarter of 2024 other expenses included a $130 million increase to the FDIC special assessment, primarily related to the increase to the FDIC’s estimate of losses to the DIF associated with the 2023 closures of SVB and Signature Bank.

Revenue

•Total fee revenue increased 6% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting higher management fees, servicing fees, foreign exchange trading services revenue, and software and processing fees.

•Servicing fee revenue increased 4% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher average market levels, net new business and client activity were partially offset by normal pricing headwinds.

•Management fee revenue increased 10% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher average market levels and net inflows from prior periods.

•Foreign exchange trading services revenue increased 9% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher client volumes.

•Securities finance revenue increased 19% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, mainly due to higher client lending balances, partially offset by lower agency spreads.

•Software and processing fees revenue increased 9% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher front office software and data revenue associated with CRD.

•Other fee revenue decreased $18 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily driven by lower FX and market-related adjustments.

•NII was flat in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher investment securities yields and continued loan growth were offset by lower average short-end rates and a deposit mix shift.

Provision for Credit Losses

•In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded a $12 million provision for credit losses, compared to $27 million in the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial real estate loans.

Expenses

AUC/A and AUM

•AUC/A of $46.73 trillion as of March 31, 2025, increased 6% compared to March 31, 2024, primarily due to higher quarter-end market levels and client flows. In the first quarter of 2025, newly announced asset servicing mandates totaled approximately $182 billion of AUC/A. Servicing assets remaining to be installed in future periods totaled approximately $3.06 trillion of AUC/A as of March 31, 2025.

•AUM of $4.67 trillion as of March 31, 2025, increased 9% compared to March 31, 2024, primarily due to higher quarter-end market levels and net inflows.

Capital

•In the first quarter of 2025, we returned a total of $320 million to our shareholders in the form of common share repurchases and common stock dividends.

◦We declared aggregate common stock dividends of $0.76 per share, totaling $220 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $0.69 per share, totaling $208 million in the same period of 2024. The $0.76 per share common stock dividend in the first quarter of 2025 represented a 10% per share increase over the per share dividend in the first quarter of 2024.

◦In the first quarter of 2025, we acquired an aggregate of 1 million shares of common stock at an average per share cost of $99.60 and an aggregate cost of $100 million. These purchases were all conducted under the share repurchase program

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

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approved by our Board of Directors in January 2024.

•Our standardized CET1 capital ratio increased to 11.0% as of March 31, 2025, compared to 10.9% as of December 31, 2024. Our Tier 1 leverage ratio was 5.5% as of March 31, 2025, compared to 5.2% as of December 31, 2024, mainly driven by higher capital, partially offset by higher balance sheet levels. Given the current global economic environment, and our plans for capital distributions, we expect our CET1 capital ratio and Tier 1 leverage ratio to remain within our target ranges of 10-11% and 5.25-5.75%, respectively.

•On February 6, 2025, we issued 750,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of fixed rate reset, non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series K, without par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), in a public offering. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $743 million.

Debt Issuances and Redemptions

•On January 27, 2025, we redeemed $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.857% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.

•On February 6, 2025, we redeemed $300 million aggregate principal amount of 1.746% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.

•On February 28, 2025, we issued $1,350 million aggregate principal amount of 4.536% fixed rate senior notes due 2028, $650 million aggregate principal amount of 4.729% fixed rate senior notes due 2030 and $750 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2036.

•On March 30, 2025, we redeemed $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.901% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.

•On April 17, 2025, we notified the holders of our $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.104% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026, that we will redeem all the notes on May 18, 2025.

•On April 24, 2025, we issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes due 2028, $700 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2028 and $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.834% fixed rate senior notes due 2030.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section discusses our consolidated results of operations for the first quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Total Revenue


TABLE 2: TOTAL REVENUE
	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(Dollars in millions)	2025		2024
Fee revenue:


Servicing fees	$	1,275	$	1,228		4	%
Management fees	562		510			10
Foreign exchange trading services	362		331			9
Securities finance	114		96			19
Front office software and data	158		144			10
Lending related and other fees	67		63			6
Software and processing fees	225		207			9
Other fee revenue	32		50			(36)
Total fee revenue	2,570		2,422			6
Net interest income:
Interest income	2,922		2,889			1
Interest expense	2,208		2,173			2
Net interest income	714		716			—




Total revenue	$	3,284	$	3,138		5

Fee Revenue

Table 2: Total Revenue, provides the breakout of fee revenue for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024. Servicing and management fees collectively made up approximately 71% and 72% of the total fee revenue in the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Additional information about fee revenue is provided under "Line of Business Information" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Servicing Fee Revenue

Servicing fees, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 4% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher average market levels, net new business and client activity were partially offset by normal pricing headwinds.

Servicing fees generated outside the United States were approximately 47% of total servicing fees in both the first quarters of 2025 and 2024.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Servicing fee revenue comprises revenue from a range of services provided to our clients, including certain Alpha servicing mandates, consisting of core custody services, accounting, reporting and administration, which we refer to collectively as back office services and middle office services. The nature and mix of services provided and the asset classes for which the services are performed affect our servicing fees. The basis for fees will differ across regions and clients. Generally, our servicing fee revenues are affected by several factors, including changes in market valuations, client activity and asset flows, net new business and the manner in which we price our services. For servicing fees for which we have not yet issued an invoice to our clients as of period end, we include an estimate of the impact of changes in market valuations, client activity and flows, net new business and changes in pricing in our revenues. For additional information regarding servicing fee revenue, refer to pages 63 to 66 included under Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Total Revenue”, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Changes in Market Valuations

Our servicing fee revenue is impacted by both our levels and the geographic and product mix of our AUC/A. Increases or decreases in market valuations have a corresponding impact on the level of our AUC/A and servicing fee revenues, though the degree of impact will vary depending on asset types and classes, and geography of assets held within our clients’ portfolios. For certain asset classes where the valuation process is more complex, including alternative investments, or where our valuation is dependent on third party information, AUC/A is reported on a time lag, typically one-month. For those asset classes, the impact of market levels on our reported AUC/A, and therefore servicing fee revenue, does not reflect current period-end market levels.

The following tables provide information on the trends in equity and fixed income market valuations for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period of 2024. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices and of client portfolios can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.


TABLE 3: DAILY AVERAGES, MONTH-END AVERAGES AND QUARTER-END EQUITY INDICES(1)
	Daily Averages of Indices				Month-End Averages of Indices				Quarter-End Indices
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,				As of March 31,
	2025	2024	% Change		2025	2024	% Change		2025	2024	% Change
S&P 500®	5,895	4,993	18	%	5,869	5,065	16	%	5,612	5,254	7	%
MSCI EAFE®	2,395	2,263	6		2,401	2,295	5		2,401	2,349	2
MSCI® Emerging Markets	1,104	1,010	9		1,097	1,013	8		1,101	1,043	6
MSCI ACWI®	856	749	14		853	759	12		827	784	5

(1) The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.


TABLE 4: QUARTER-END DEBT INDICES(1)
	As of March 31,
	2025	2024	% Change
Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index®	2,250	2,145	5	%
Bloomberg Global Aggregate Bond Index®	476	462	3

(1) The index names listed in the table are service marks of their respective owners.

Client Activity and Asset Flows

Client activity and asset flows are impacted by the number of transactions we execute on behalf of our clients, including FX settlements, equity and derivative trades, and wire transfer activity, as well as actions by our clients to change the asset class in which their assets are invested. Our servicing fee revenues are impacted by a number of factors, including transaction volumes, asset levels and asset classes in which funds are invested, as well as industry trends associated with these client-related activities.

The following table provides information on selected industry asset flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period of 2024. While the asset flows presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and our flows may differ from those market trends. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 5: INDUSTRY ASSET FLOWS
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In billions)	2025		2024
North America - (U.S. Domiciled) - Morningstar Direct Market Data(1)(2)(3)
Long-Term Funds(4)	$	(148.9)	$	(2.8)
Money Market	79.0		31.4
Exchange-Traded Fund	290.7		190.5
Total Flows	$	220.8	$	219.1

EMEA - Morningstar Direct Market Data(1)(2)(5)
Long-Term Funds(4)	$	96.3	$	6.5
Money Market	69.7		29.1
Exchange-Traded Fund	94.4		47.4


Total Flows	$	260.4	$	83.0

(1) Industry data is provided for illustrative purposes only. It is not intended to reflect our activity or our clients' activity and is indicative of only segments of the entire industry.

(2) Source: Morningstar. The data includes long-term mutual funds, ETFs and money market funds. Mutual fund data represents estimates of net new cash flow, which is new sales minus redemptions combined with net exchanges, while ETF data represents net issuance, which is gross issuance less gross redemptions. Data for Fund of Funds, Feeder funds and Obsolete funds were excluded from the series to prevent double counting. Data is from the Morningstar Direct Asset Flows database.

(3) The first quarter of 2025 data for North America (U.S. domiciled) includes Morningstar direct actuals for January 2025 and February 2025 and Morningstar direct estimates for March 2025.

(4) The long-term fund flows reported by Morningstar direct in North America are composed of U.S. domiciled market flows mainly in Equities, Allocation and Fixed-Income asset classes. The long-term fund flows reported by Morningstar direct in EMEA are composed of the European market flows mainly in Equities, Allocation and Fixed-Income asset classes.

(5) The first quarter of 2025 data for Europe is on a rolling three month basis for December 2024 through February 2025, sourced by Morningstar.

Net New Business

Servicing fee revenue associated with new servicing mandates is not reflected in our servicing fee revenue until the assets have been installed, and may vary based on the breadth of services provided, the time required to install the assets, and the types of assets installed. Our installation timeline, in general can range from 6 to 36 months, with the average installation timeline being approximately 9 to 12 months over the past two full fiscal years.

Asset servicing mandates newly announced in the first quarter of 2025, totaled approximately $182 billion of AUC/A. With respect to the current asset mandates of approximately $3.06 trillion of AUC/A that are yet to be installed as of March 31, 2025, we expect the conversion will mostly occur over the coming 24 months, with approximately 50% expected to be installed in the remainder of 2025, with the balance expected to be installed throughout 2026 and 2027. The expected timing of these installations is subject to change due to a variety of factors, including adjusted implementation schedules agreed with clients, scope adjustments, and product and functionality changes.

As previously disclosed in early 2021, due to a decision to diversify providers, one of our large asset servicing clients is moving a significant portion of its ETF assets currently with State Street to one or more other providers. Prior to the commencement of the transition of assets, which began in 2022, we estimated that the financial impact of this transition represented approximately 1.9% of our 2021 total fee revenue. We began to see the impact of the transition on our fee revenue and income growth trends primarily towards the end of 2023, with the remainder expected to be realized through 2025 as the transition continues. On a quarterly run rate basis, we estimate that the first quarter of 2025 reflected approximately two-thirds of the revenue impact of the exiting business. We expect to continue as a significant service provider for this client after this transition and for the client to continue to be meaningful to our business.

Pricing

The industry in which we operate has historically faced pricing pressure, and our servicing fee revenues continue to be affected by such pressures today. Consequently, no assumption should be drawn as to future revenue run rate from announced servicing AUC/A wins, as the amount of revenue associated with AUC/A, once installed, can vary materially.

In addition to the effects described above (i.e., client activity and asset flows, net new business and pricing) our servicing fee revenue in any period will vary depending on the mix of products and services we provide to our clients. The full impact of changes in market valuations and the volume of activity in the funds may not be fully reflected in our servicing fee revenues in the periods in which the changes occur, particularly in periods of higher volatility.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

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TABLE 6: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY PRODUCT(1)(2)
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Collective funds, including ETFs	$	15,430	$	15,266	$	14,694
Mutual funds	12,143		12,301		11,552
Pension products	9,377		9,386		8,800
Insurance and other products	9,783		9,604		8,866
Total	$	46,733	$	46,557	$	43,912


TABLE 7: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY ASSET CLASS(2)
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Equities	$	27,508	$	27,535	$	25,909
Fixed-income	11,900		11,933		11,368
Short-term and other investments	7,325		7,089		6,635
Total	$	46,733	$	46,557	$	43,912


TABLE 8: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY AND/OR ADMINISTRATION BY GEOGRAPHY(2)(3)
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Americas	$	33,340	$	33,284	$	31,610
Europe/Middle East/Africa	10,303		10,179		9,207
Asia/Pacific	3,090		3,094		3,095
Total	$	46,733	$	46,557	$	43,912

(1) Certain previously reported amounts presented have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.

(2) Consistent with past practice, AUC/A values for certain asset classes are based on a lag, typically one-month.

(3) Geographic mix is generally based on the domicile of the entity servicing the funds and is not necessarily representative of the underlying asset mix.

Management Fee Revenue

Management fees increased 10% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher average market levels and net inflows from prior periods.

Management fees generated outside the United States were approximately 25% of total management fees in both the first quarters of 2025 and 2024.

Management fees generally are affected by our level of AUM, which we report based on month-end valuations. Management fees for certain components of managed assets, such as ETFs, mutual funds and Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities, are affected by daily average valuations of AUM. Management fee revenue is more sensitive to market valuations than servicing fee revenue, as a higher proportion of the underlying services provided, and the associated management fees earned, are dependent on equity and fixed-income security valuations. Additional factors, such as the relative mix of assets managed, may have a significant effect on our management fee revenue. While certain management fees are directly determined by the values of AUM and the investment strategies employed, management fees may reflect other factors, including performance fee arrangements, as well as our relationship pricing for clients.

Daily averages, month-end averages and quarter-end indices demonstrate worldwide changes in equity and debt markets that affect our management fee revenue. See Table 3: Daily Averages, Month-End Averages and Quarter-End Equity Indices for selected indices. Quarter-end indices affect the values of AUM as of those dates. While the specific indices presented are indicative of general market trends, the asset types and classes relevant to individual client portfolios can and do differ, and the performance of associated relevant indices and of client portfolios can therefore differ from the performance of the indices presented. In addition, our asset classifications may differ from those industry classifications presented.

For additional information regarding management fee revenue, refer to pages 66 to 68 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Total Revenue”, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 9: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY ASSET CLASS AND INVESTMENT APPROACH
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Equity:
Active	$	52	$	52	$	51
Passive	2,849		2,955		2,661
Total equity	2,901		3,007		2,712
Fixed-income:
Active	30		31		27
Passive	603		585		551
Total fixed-income(1)	633		616		578
Cash(1)	518		518		481
Multi-asset-class solutions:
Active	24		23		23
Passive	366		351		312
Total multi-asset-class solutions	390		374		335
Alternative investments(2):
Active	10		10		11
Passive(3)	213		190		182
Total alternative investments	223		200		193
Total	$	4,665	$	4,715	$	4,299

(1) Includes both floating- and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.

(2) Includes real estate investment trusts, currency and commodities, including SPDR® Gold Shares and SPDR® Gold MiniSharesSM Trust. We are not the investment manager for the SPDR® Gold Shares and SPDR®Gold MiniSharesSM Trust, but act as the marketing agent.

(3) AUM for passive alternative investments has been revised from prior presentations.


TABLE 10: GEOGRAPHIC MIX OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Americas	$	3,431	$	3,468	$	3,154
Europe/Middle East/Africa(2)	690		713		635
Asia/Pacific	544		534		510
Total	$	4,665	$	4,715	$	4,299

(1) Geographic mix is based on client location or fund management location.

(2) AUM for passive alternative investments has been revised from prior presentations.


TABLE 11: EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS BY ASSET CLASS(1)
(In billions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Alternative Investments(2)	$	114	$	90	$	74
Equity	1,252		1,310		1,131
Multi Asset	1		1		1
Fixed-Income	187		177		155
Total Exchange-Traded Funds	$	1,554	$	1,578	$	1,361

(1) ETFs are a component of AUM presented in the preceding table.

State Street Corporation | 14

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 12: ACTIVITY IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY PRODUCT CATEGORY
(In billions)	Equity		Fixed-Income		Cash(1)		Multi-Asset-Class Solutions		Alternative Investments(2)(3)		Total




























Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,513	$	609	$	467	$	310	$	203	$	4,102
Long-term institutional flows, net(4)	(3)		(23)		—		14		(12)		(24)
Exchange-traded fund flows, net	2		3		—		—		(4)		1
Cash fund flows, net	—		—		9		—		—		9
Total flows, net	(1)		(20)		9		14		(16)		(14)
Market appreciation (depreciation)	220		(4)		6		12		9		243
Foreign exchange impact	(20)		(7)		(1)		(1)		(3)		(32)
Total market/foreign exchange impact	200		(11)		5		11		6		211
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	2,712	$	578	$	481	$	335	$	193	$	4,299



















Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	3,007	$	616	$	518	$	374	$	200	$	4,715
Long-term institutional flows, net(4)	(21)		(7)		—		13		—		(15)
Exchange-traded fund flows, net	(16)		9		—		—		8		1
Cash fund flows, net	—		—		1		—		—		1
Total flows, net	(37)		2		1		13		8		(13)
Market appreciation (depreciation)	(84)		8		(2)		(1)		14		(65)
Foreign exchange impact	15		7		1		4		1		28
Total market/foreign exchange impact	(69)		15		(1)		3		15		(37)
Balance as of March 31, 2025	$	2,901	$	633	$	518	$	390	$	223	$	4,665

(1) Includes both floating and constant-net-asset-value portfolios held in commingled structures or separate accounts.

(3) AUM for passive alternative investments has been revised from prior presentations.

(4) Amounts represent long-term portfolios, excluding ETFs.

Foreign Exchange Trading Services

Foreign exchange trading services revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 9% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher client volumes.

Foreign exchange trading services revenue comprises revenue generated by FX trading and revenue generated by brokerage and other trading services, which made up 66% and 34%, respectively, of foreign exchange trading services revenue in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 65% and 35%, respectively, in the same period of 2024.

Our FX trading revenue is influenced by multiple factors, including: the volume and type of client FX transactions and related spreads; currency volatility, reflecting market conditions; and our management of exchange rate, interest rate and other market risks associated with our FX activities. The relative impact of these factors on our total FX trading revenues often differs from period to period. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, increases or decreases in volumes or bid-offer spreads across product mix tend to result in increases or decreases, as the case may be, in client-related FX revenue.

For additional information regarding FX trading services revenue, refer to pages 68 to 69 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Total Revenue”, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Securities Finance

Securities finance revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 19% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, mainly due to higher client lending balances, partially offset by lower agency spreads.

For additional information regarding securities finance revenue, refer to page 69 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Total Revenue”, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

State Street Corporation | 15

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Software and Processing Fees

Software and processing fees revenue, as presented in Table 2: Total Revenue, increased 9% in the first quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024, primarily driven by higher front office software and data revenue associated with CRD.

Software and processing fees revenue includes diverse types of fees and revenue, including fees from software licensing and maintenance and fees from our structured products business.

Front office software and data revenue, which primarily includes revenue from CRD, Alpha Data Platform and Alpha Data Services, increased 10% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to continued growth in software-enabled revenue. For additional information regarding front office software and data revenue, refer to page 70 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Total Revenue”, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Lending related and other fees increased 6% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, driven in part by continued growth of the portfolio in support of client demand. Lending related and other fees primarily consists of fee revenue associated with our fund finance, leverage loans, municipal finance, insurance and stable value wrap businesses.

Other Fee Revenue

Other fee revenue includes market-related adjustments and income associated with other equity method investments.

Other fee revenue decreased $18 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily driven by lower FX and market-related adjustments.

Net Interest Income

See Table 2: Total Revenue, for the breakout of interest income and interest expense for the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024.

NII is defined as interest income earned on interest-earning assets less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets, which principally consist of investment securities, interest-bearing deposits with banks, loans, resale agreements and other liquid assets, are financed primarily by client deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt.

NIM represents the relationship between annualized fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) NII and average total interest-earning assets for the period. It is calculated by dividing FTE NII by average interest-earning assets. Revenue that is exempt from income taxes, mainly earned from certain investment securities (state and political subdivisions), is adjusted to an FTE basis using the U.S. federal and state statutory income tax rates.

NII was flat in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher investment securities yields and continued loan growth were offset by lower average short-end rates and a deposit mix shift.

State Street Corporation | 16

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

See Table 13: Average Balances and Interest Rates - Fully Taxable-Equivalent Basis, for the breakout of NII for the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024.


TABLE 13: AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES - FULLY TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT BASIS(1)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions; fully taxable-equivalent basis)	Average Balance		Interest Revenue/Expense		Rate		Average Balance		Interest Revenue/Expense		Rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	92,780	$	768	3.36	%	$	90,230	$	998	4.45	%
Securities purchased under resale agreements(2)	7,716		165		8.66		6,118		167		10.97
Trading account assets	756		—		.15		767		—		—
Investment securities:
Investment securities available-for-sale	63,428		724		4.57		46,497		573		4.93
Investment securities held-to-maturity	46,642		242		2.07		54,821		294		2.14

Total Investment securities	110,070		966		3.51		101,318		867		3.42
Loans(3)	43,730		557		5.17		37,747		546		5.82
Other interest-earning assets(4)	34,464		466		5.49		18,153		312		6.92
Average total interest-earning assets	$	289,516	$	2,922	4.09		$	254,333	$	2,890	4.57




Interest-bearing deposits:
U.S.	$	154,462	$	1,349	3.54		$	129,846	$	1,363	4.22
Non-U.S.	63,677		217		1.38		62,087		277		1.80
Total interest-bearing deposits(5)(6)	218,139		1,566		2.91		191,933		1,640		3.44
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	4,530		51		4.54		3,122		39		5.06

Other short-term borrowings	11,848		135		4.64		8,314		101		4.85
Long-term debt	23,742		297		5.00		18,944		258		5.44
Other interest-bearing liabilities(7)	5,471		159		11.76		4,430		135		12.29
Average total interest-bearing liabilities	$	263,730	$	2,208	3.40		$	226,743	$	2,173	3.85





Interest rate spread					.70	%					.72	%
Net interest income, fully taxable-equivalent basis			$	714					$	717
Net interest margin, fully taxable-equivalent basis					1.00	%					1.13	%
Tax-equivalent adjustment			—						(1)
Net interest income, GAAP basis			$	714					$	716

(1) Rates earned/paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities include the impact of hedge activities associated with our asset and liability management activities where applicable.

(2) Reflects the impact of balance sheet netting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $232.47 billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $171.83 billion in the same period of 2024. Excluding the impact of netting, the average interest rates would be approximately 0.28% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 0.38% in the same period of 2024.

(3) Average loans are presented on a gross basis. Average loans net of expected credit losses was approximately $43.56 billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $37.63 billion in the same period of 2024.

(4) Reflects the impact of balance sheet netting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $9.28 billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $5.88 billion in the same period of 2024. Excluding the impact of netting, the average interest rates would be approximately 4.33% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 5.23% in the same period of 2024.

(5) Average rate includes the impact of FX swap costs of approximately ($83) million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to ($49) million for the same period of 2024. Average rates for total interest-bearing deposits excluding the impact of FX swap costs were 3.07% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 3.54% in the same period of 2024.

(6) Total deposits averaged $243.04 billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $218.89 billion in the same period of 2024.

(7) Reflects the impact of balance sheet netting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $8.46 billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $5.42 billion in the same period of 2024. Excluding the impact of netting, the average interest rates would be approximately 4.62% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to 5.23% in the same period of 2024.

Changes in the components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are discussed in more detail below. Additional information about the components of interest income and interest expense is provided in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Average total interest-earning assets were $289.52 billion in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $254.33 billion in the same period of 2024. The increase is primarily due to higher levels of client deposits and an increase in short-term wholesale funding and long-term debt.

Interest-bearing deposits with banks averaged $92.78 billion in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $90.23 billion in the same period of 2024. These deposits primarily reflect our maintenance of cash balances at the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks. The higher levels of average cash balances reflect higher levels of client deposits and funding levels.

Securities purchased under resale agreements averaged $7.72 billion in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $6.12 billion in the same period of 2024, due to a shift to term repurchase agreements, which reduces our ability to net against resale agreement balances. Additionally, as a member of FICC, we may net securities sold under repurchase agreements against those purchased under resale agreements with counterparties that are also members of the clearing organization, when specific netting criteria are met. The impact of balance sheet netting was $232.47 billion on average in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $171.83 billion in the same period of 2024 primarily driven by an increase in FICC repurchase agreement volumes.

State Street Corporation | 17

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We are a direct and sponsoring member of FICC. As a sponsoring member within FICC, we enter into repurchase and resale transactions in eligible securities with sponsored clients and with other FICC members and, pursuant to FICC Government Securities Division rules, submit, novate and net the transactions. We may sponsor clients to clear their eligible repurchase transactions with FICC, backed by our guarantee to FICC of the prompt and full payment and performance of our sponsored member clients’ respective obligations. We generally obtain a security interest from our sponsored clients in the high quality securities collateral that they receive, which is designed to mitigate our potential exposure to FICC.

Additionally, as a member of certain industry clearing and settlement exchanges, we may be required to pay a pro rata share of the losses incurred by the organization and provide liquidity support in the event of the default of another member to the extent that the defaulting member’s clearing fund obligation and the prescribed loss allocation to FICC is depleted. It is difficult to estimate our maximum possible exposure under the membership agreement, since this would require an assessment of future claims that may be made against us that have not yet occurred. We did not record any liabilities under these arrangements as of either March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Average investment securities were $110.07 billion in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $101.32 billion in the same period of 2024. The increase in the first quarter of 2025 was primarily driven by growth in U.S. Treasuries, partially offset by lower mortgage-backed and non-U.S. sovereign and supranational securities.

Average loans increased to $43.73 billion in the first quarter of 2025, from $37.75 billion in the same period of 2024. Average core loans, which exclude overdrafts and highlight our efforts to grow our lending portfolio, averaged $40.62 billion in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $34.30 billion in the same period of 2024. The increases are primarily due to growth in collateralized loan obligations in loan form and fund finance loans. Additional information about these loans is provided in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Average other interest-earning assets, largely associated with our prime services business, increased to $34.46 billion in the first quarter of 2025 from $18.15 billion in the same period of 2024, primarily driven by an increase in the level of cash collateral posted. Other interest-earning assets primarily reflects prime services assets where cash has been posted to borrow securities from lenders, which are then lent by us, as principal, to borrowers. This cash includes both cash from borrowers and

cash utilized from our balance sheet, and is presented on a net basis on the balance sheet where we have enforceable netting agreements. Non-interest earning assets also includes a portion of our prime services assets where borrower-provided non-cash collateral has been utilized to borrow securities from lenders, which we subsequently loan, as principal, to borrowers; in this structure our investment portfolio securities are encumbered, but this is not reflected on the balance sheet. Combined with our prime services liabilities, revenue from these activities generates securities finance fee revenue as well as net interest income.

Average total interest-bearing deposits increased to $218.14 billion in the first quarter of 2025 from $191.93 billion in the same period of 2024. The increase is driven by rotation from non-interest bearing deposits and a reduction in the Federal Reserve’s overnight repurchase agreement activity. Future interest-bearing deposit levels will be influenced by the underlying asset servicing business, client behavior, the mix of interest-bearing and non-interest bearing deposits and market conditions, including the general levels of U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates.

Average other short-term borrowings increased to $11.85 billion in the first quarter of 2025 from $8.31 billion in the same period of 2024 due to increased wholesale funding. The increase is driven by our effort to diversify our funding sources through relatively low-cost channels, to further support business growth.

Average long-term debt was $23.74 billion in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $18.94 billion in the same period of 2024, supporting our businesses and structural liquidity position. These amounts reflect issuances, redemptions and maturities of senior and subordinated debt during the respective periods.

Average other interest-bearing liabilities, largely associated with our prime services business, were $5.47 billion in the first quarter of 2025 compared to $4.43 billion in the same period of 2024. Other interest-bearing liabilities is primarily driven by cash received from our custody clients, which is presented on a net basis where we have enforceable netting agreements. Non-interest bearing liabilities also include a portion of our prime services liabilities where client provided non-cash collateral has been received and we have rehypothecation rights. Securities received as collateral from our custody clients where we have no rehypothecation rights are used as a credit mitigant only and remain off balance sheet.

State Street Corporation | 18

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Several factors could affect future levels of NII and NIM, including the volume and mix of client deposits and funding sources; central bank actions; balance sheet management activities; changes in the level and slope of U.S. and non-U.S. interest rates; revised or proposed regulatory capital or liquidity standards, or interpretations of those standards; the yields earned on securities purchased compared to the yields earned on securities sold or matured; and changes in the type and amount of credit or other loans we extend.

Based on market conditions and other factors, including regulatory standards, we continue to reinvest the majority of the proceeds from pay-downs and maturities of investment securities in highly-rated U.S. and non-U.S. securities, such as federal agency MBS, sovereign debt securities and U.S. Treasury and agency securities. The pace at which we reinvest, and the types of investment securities purchased, will depend on the impact of market conditions, the implementation of regulatory standards, including interpretation of those standards and other factors over time. We expect these factors and the levels of global interest rates to impact our reinvestment program and future levels of NII and NIM.

Provision for Credit Losses

In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded a $12 million provision for credit losses, compared to $27 million in the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial real estate loans.

Additional information is provided under “Loans” in "Financial Condition" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis and in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Expenses

Table 14: Expenses, provides the breakout of expenses for the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024. Total expenses decreased 3% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as the absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item and savings were partially offset by higher business investments. The absence of the prior-year notable item represented 5% points of the decrease. The prior-year notable item in first quarter of 2024 other expenses included a $130 million increase to the FDIC special assessment, primarily related to the increase to the FDIC’s estimate of losses to the DIF associated with the 2023 closures of SVB and Signature Bank.


TABLE 14: EXPENSES
	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(Dollars in millions)	2025		2024
Compensation and employee benefits	$	1,262	$	1,252	1	%
Information systems and communications	497		432		15
Transaction processing services	258		248		4
Occupancy	103		103		—
Amortization of other intangible assets	54		60		(10)


Other:
Professional services	110		110		—
Other	166		308		(46)
Total other	276		418		(34)
Total expenses	$	2,450	$	2,513	(3)
Number of employees at quarter-end	52,711		45,871		15

Compensation and employee benefits expenses increased 1% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, mainly due to higher performance-based incentive compensation and salaries, partially offset by savings associated with operating model transformation.

Total headcount increased 15% as of March 31, 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting the consolidation of our operations joint venture in India in the second quarter of 2024. Headcount cost associated with that joint venture was previously reflected in compensation and employee benefits expenses.

Information systems and communications expenses increased 15% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, largely related to higher technology and infrastructure investments.

Transaction processing services expenses increased 4% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024 primarily due to higher market data and sub-custody costs.

Occupancy expenses were flat in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024.

Amortization of other intangible assets decreased by 10% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024.

Other expenses decreased 34% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting the absence of the previously noted prior-year notable item and the timing of foundation funding.

State Street Corporation | 19

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Repositioning Charges

The following table presents aggregate activity for repositioning charges for the periods indicated:


TABLE 15: RESTRUCTURING AND REPOSITIONING CHARGES
(In millions)	Employee Related Costs		Real Estate Actions		Total
Accrual Balance at December 31, 2023	$	207	$	1	$	208

Payments and other adjustments	(19)		—		(19)

Accrual Balance at March 31, 2024	$	188	$	1	$	189





Accrual Balance at December 31, 2024	$	96	$	—	$	96

Payments and other adjustments	(14)		—		(14)
Accrual Balance at March 31, 2025	$	82	$	—	$	82

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $178 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared to $135 million in the same period of 2024. Our effective tax rate of 21.7% in the first quarter of 2025, decreased from 22.5% in the same period of 2024, primarily due to benefits attributable to stock-based compensation.

LINE OF BUSINESS INFORMATION

Our operations are organized into two lines of business: Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry.

Our Investment Servicing line of business provides a broad range of services and market and financing solutions to institutional clients, including mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, investment managers, foundations and endowments worldwide.

Through State Street Investment Services, State Street Markets and State Street Alpha®, we offer a full range of back- and middle-office solutions, including custody, accounting and fund administration services for traditional and alternative assets, as well as multi-asset class investments; record keeping, client reporting and investment book of record, transaction management, loans, cash, derivatives and collateral services; investor services operations outsourcing; performance, risk and compliance analytics; financial data management to support institutional investors; foreign exchange, brokerage and other trading services; securities finance, including prime services products; and deposit and short-term investment facilities.

Together with our middle- and back-office services, CRD’s front- and middle-office technology offerings form the foundation of State Street Alpha. Our State Street Alpha platform combines portfolio management, trading and execution, analytics and compliance tools, and advanced data aggregation and integration with other industry platforms and providers.

Our Investment Management line of business provides a comprehensive range of investment management solutions and products for our clients through State Street Global Advisors. Our investment management solutions include strategies across equity, fixed income, cash, multi-asset and alternatives; products such as SPDR® ETFs and index funds; and services including defined benefit, defined contribution and Outsourced Chief Investment Officer.

For additional information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, refer to "Lines of Business Information" included under Item 1, Business, in our 2024 Form 10-K and Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Investment Servicing


TABLE 16: INVESTMENT SERVICING LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)	Three Months Ended March 31,							% Change
		2025			2024


Servicing fees		$	1,275		$	1,228			4	%
Foreign exchange trading services		337			308				9
Securities finance		108			90				20


Software and processing fees		225			207				9
Other fee revenue		34			43				(21)
Total fee revenue		1,979			1,876				5
Net interest income		709			711				—

Total revenue		2,688			2,587				4
Provision for credit losses		12			27				(56)
Total expenses		2,019			1,963				3
Income before income tax expense		$	657		$	597			10
Pre-tax margin		24		%	23		%		100		bps
Average assets (in billions)		$	333.9		$	295.5			13	%

Servicing Fees

Servicing fees, as presented in Table 16: Investment Servicing Line of Business Results, increased 4% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher average market levels, net new business and client activity were partially offset by normal pricing headwinds.

For additional information about servicing fees and the impact of worldwide equity and fixed-income valuations on our fee revenue, as well as other key

State Street Corporation | 20

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

drivers of our servicing fee revenue, refer to "Fee Revenue" in "Consolidated Results of Operations" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Expenses

Total expenses for Investment Servicing increased 3% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024 as higher business investments were partially offset by productivity and other savings. Additional information about expenses is provided under "Expenses" in "Consolidated Results of Operations" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Investment Management


TABLE 17: INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LINE OF BUSINESS RESULTS
(Dollars in millions, except where otherwise noted)	Three Months Ended March 31,							% Change
		2025			2024
Management fees(1)		$	562		$	510			10	%
Foreign exchange trading services(2)		25			23				9
Securities finance		6			6				—

Other fee revenue(3)		(2)			7				nm
Total fee revenue		591			546				8
Net interest income		5			5				—
Total revenue		596			551				8

Total expenses		431			420				3
Income before income tax expense		$	165		$	131			26
Pre-tax margin		28		%	24		%		400		bps
Average assets (in billions)		$	3.4		$	3.1			10	%

(1) Includes revenues from SPDR® Gold Shares and SPDR® Gold MiniSharesSM Trust AUM where we are not the investment manager but act as the marketing agent.

(2) Includes revenue for reimbursements received for certain ETFs associated with State Street Global Advisors where we act as the distribution and marketing agent.

(3) Includes other revenue items that are primarily driven by equity market movements.

nm Not meaningful

Investment Management total revenue increased 8% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024.

Management Fees

Management fees increased 10% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher average market levels and net inflows from prior periods.

For additional information about the impact of worldwide equity and fixed-income valuations, as well as other key drivers of our management fees revenue, refer to "Fee Revenue" in "Consolidated Results of Operations" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

Expenses

Total expenses for Investment Management increased 3% in the first quarter of 2025, compared to the same period of 2024, as higher business investments, revenue-related fund expenses and salaries were partially offset by savings.

Additional information about expenses is provided under "Expenses" in "Consolidated Results of Operations" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

For additional information about our two lines of business, as well as the revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The structure of our consolidated statement of condition is primarily driven by the liabilities generated by our Investment Servicing and Investment Management lines of business. Our clients' needs and our operating objectives determine the volume, mix and currency denomination of our assets and liabilities. As our clients execute their worldwide cash management and investment activities, they utilize deposits and short-term investments that constitute the majority of our liabilities. These liabilities are generally in the form of interest-bearing transaction account deposits, which are denominated in a variety of currencies; non-interest-bearing demand deposits; and repurchase agreements, which generally serve as short-term investment alternatives for our clients.

Deposits and other liabilities resulting from client initiated transactions are invested in assets that generally have contractual maturities significantly longer than our liabilities; however, we evaluate the operational nature of our deposits and seek to maintain appropriate short-term liquidity of those liabilities that are not operational in nature and maintain longer-termed assets for our operational deposits. Our assets consist primarily of securities held in our AFS or HTM portfolios and short-duration financial instruments, such as interest-bearing deposits with banks and securities purchased under resale agreements. The actual mix of assets is determined by the characteristics of the client liabilities and our desire to maintain a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality assets.

State Street Corporation | 21

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Investment Securities


TABLE 18: CARRYING VALUES OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	27,380	$	23,525
Mortgage-backed securities(1)	12,749		10,566
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	40,129		34,091
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	2,471		2,430
Asset-backed securities(2)	1,996		1,868
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	16,059		13,939
Other(3)	3,129		2,821
Total non-U.S. debt securities	23,655		21,058
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans(4)	87		90
Collateralized loan obligations(5)	3,393		3,453
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS(6)	4		4
Other	91		91
Total asset-backed securities	3,575		3,638
State and political subdivisions	56		56
Other U.S. debt securities(7)	29		52




Total available-for-sale securities(8)(9)	$	67,444	$	58,895
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	4,418	$	5,417
Mortgage-backed securities(10)	35,355		36,101
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	39,773		41,518
Non-U.S. debt securities:


Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	3,261		3,673
Total non-U.S. debt securities	3,261		3,673
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans(4)	2,471		2,536

Total asset-backed securities	2,471		2,536

Total held-to-maturity securities(8)(11)	$	45,505	$	47,727

(1) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total fair value included $4.26 billion and $4.36 billion, respectively, of agency CMBS and $8.49 billion and $6.20 billion, respectively, of agency MBS.

(2) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value includes non-U.S. collateralized loan obligations of $0.66 billion and $0.70 billion, respectively.

(3) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value includes non-U.S. corporate bonds of $2.50 billion and $2.54 billion, respectively.

(4) Primarily comprised of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.

(5) Excludes collateralized loan obligations in loan form. Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

(6) Consists entirely of non-agency RMBS as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(7) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of U.S. corporate bonds was $0.03 billion and $0.05 billion, respectively.

(8) An immaterial amount of accrued interest related to HTM and AFS investment securities was excluded from the amortized cost basis for the period ended March 31, 2025.

(9) As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no allowance for credit losses on AFS investment securities.

(10) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total amortized cost included $5.16 billion and $5.18 billion of agency CMBS, respectively.

(11) As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no allowance for credit losses on HTM investment securities.

Additional information about our investment securities portfolio is provided in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

We manage our investment securities portfolio by taking into consideration the interest rate and duration characteristics of our client liabilities along with the context of the overall structure of our consolidated statement of condition, and in consideration of the global interest rate environment. We consider a well-diversified, high-credit quality investment securities portfolio to be an important element in the management of our consolidated statement of condition.

Average duration of our investment securities portfolio, including the impact of hedges, was 2.1 years and 2.2 years as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Approximately 97% of the carrying value of the portfolio was rated “AA” or higher as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as follows:


TABLE 19: INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO BY EXTERNAL CREDIT RATING
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
AAA(1)	88	%	88	%
AA	9		9
A	2		2
BBB	1		1

	100	%	100	%

(1) Includes U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities that are split-rated, “AAA” by Moody’s Investors Service and “AA+” by Standard & Poor’s and also includes Agency MBS securities which are not explicitly rated, but which have an explicit or assumed guarantee from the U.S. government.

The following table presents the diversification of the investment portfolio with respect to asset class composition as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


TABLE 20: INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO BY ASSET CLASS
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
U.S. Agency Mortgage-backed securities	34	%	35	%
U.S. Treasuries	28		27
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	17		17

Asset-backed securities	9		10
Other credit	12		11
	100	%	100	%

The following table presents the net unamortized purchase premiums or discounts and net premium amortization or discount accretion related to the investment portfolio for the periods indicated:

State Street Corporation | 22

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TABLE 21: INVESTMENT SECURITIES NET PREMIUM AMORTIZATION








	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions)	MBS		Non -MBS		Total(1)		MBS		Non- MBS		Total
Unamortized purchase premiums and (discounts) at period end	$	351	$	(566)	$	(215)	$	402	$	(364)	$	38
Net premium amortization (discount accretion)	15		(152)		(137)		16		(50)		(34)

(1) Totals exclude premiums or discounts created from the transfer of securities from AFS to HTM.

Non-U.S. Debt Securities

Approximately 24% and 23% of the aggregate carrying value of our investment securities portfolio was non-U.S. debt securities as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.


TABLE 22: NON-U.S. DEBT SECURITIES(1)
(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale:
Canada	$	3,384	$	3,237
United Kingdom	2,786		2,702
Australia	1,917		2,055
France	1,889		1,565
Germany	1,541		1,195
Spain	601		301
Austria	574		382
Netherlands	533		446
Finland	361		312
Hong Kong	293		177
Sweden	270		263
Italy	266		231







Other(2)	9,240		8,192
Total	$	23,655	$	21,058
Held-to-maturity:
Belgium	265		254
Germany	210		201
France	141		206
Finland	130		124
Canada	108		104
Austria	70		67
Ireland	—		397



Other(2)	2,337		2,320
Total	$	3,261	$	3,673

(1) Geography is determined primarily based on the domicile of collateral or issuer.

(2) As of March 31, 2025, other non-U.S. investments include $7.93 billion of supranational bonds in AFS securities and $2.34 billion of supranational bonds in HTM securities.

Approximately 90% of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was rated “AA” or higher as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The majority of these securities comprised senior positions within the security structures; these positions have a level of protection provided through subordination and other forms of credit protection. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximately 30% and 29%, respectively, of the aggregate carrying value of these non-U.S. debt securities was floating-rate.

As of March 31, 2025, our non-U.S. debt securities had an average market-to-book ratio of 100.1%, and an aggregate pre-tax net unrealized gain of $29 million, consisting of gross unrealized gains of $133 million and gross unrealized losses of $104 million. These unrealized amounts included:

•a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $82 million, consisting of gross unrealized gains of $127 million and gross unrealized losses of $45 million, associated with non-U.S. AFS debt securities; and

•a pre-tax net unrealized loss of $53 million, consisting of gross unrealized gains of $6 million and gross unrealized losses of $59 million, associated with non-U.S. HTM debt securities.

As of March 31, 2025, the underlying collateral for non-U.S. MBS and ABS primarily included mortgages in Australia, the U.K., the Netherlands and Italy. The securities listed under “Canada” were composed of Canadian government securities, corporate debt, covered bonds and non-U.S. agency securities. The securities listed under “France” were composed of sovereign bonds, corporate debt, covered bonds, ABS and non-U.S. agency securities. The securities listed under “Germany” were composed of non-U.S. agency securities, ABS and corporate debt.

Municipal Obligations

We carried approximately $0.06 billion of municipal securities classified as state and political subdivisions in our investment securities portfolio as of March 31, 2025, as shown in Table 18: Carrying Values of Investment Securities, all of which were classified as AFS. As of March 31, 2025, we also provided approximately $4.82 billion of credit and liquidity facilities to municipal issuers.


TABLE 23: STATE AND MUNICIPAL OBLIGORS(1)
(Dollars in millions)	Total Municipal Securities		Credit and Liquidity Facilities(2)		Total		% of Total Municipal Exposure
March 31, 2025
State of Issuer:
Texas	$	—	$	1,683	$	1,683	35	%
New York	4		1,675		1,679		34
California	25		460		485		10

Total	$	29	$	3,818	$	3,847

December 31, 2024
State of Issuer:
Texas	$	—	$	2,006	$	2,006	37	%
New York	4		1,676		1,680		31
California	25		610		635		12



Total	$	29	$	4,292	$	4,321

(1) Represented 5% or more of our aggregate municipal credit exposure of approximately $4.88 billion and $5.38 billion across our businesses as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) Includes municipal loans which are also presented within Table 25: U.S. and Non-U.S. Loans.

State Street Corporation | 23

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our aggregate municipal securities exposure presented in Table 23: State and Municipal Obligors, was concentrated primarily with highly-rated counterparties, with approximately 93% of the obligors rated “AA” or higher as of March 31, 2025. As of that date, approximately 45% and 54% of our aggregate municipal securities exposure was associated with general obligation and revenue bonds, respectively. The portfolios are also diversified geographically, with the states that represent our largest exposures widely dispersed across the United States.

Additional information with respect to our assessment of the allowance for credit losses on debt securities and impairment of AFS securities is provided in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.


TABLE 24: CONTRACTUAL MATURITIES AND YIELDS(1)

As of March 31, 2025	Under 1 Year				1 to 5 Years				6 to 10 Years				Over 10 Years				Total
(Dollars in millions)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount
Available-for-sale(2):
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	11,072	0.72	%	$	16,064	3.67	%	$	244	1.87	%	$	—	—	%	$	27,380
Mortgage-backed securities	122		4.96		1,732		4.69		2,402		4.61		8,493		5.22		12,749
Total U.S. treasury and federal agencies	11,194				17,796				2,646				8,493				40,129
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	97		4.33		459		4.96		35		5.14		1,880		4.82		2,471
Asset-backed securities	243		3.35		365		3.40		1,112		4.12		276		3.26		1,996
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	3,411		1.40		11,513		2.85		1,135		2.97		—		—		16,059
Other	409		3.74		2,637		4.48		83		4.35		—		—		3,129
Total non-U.S. debt securities	4,160				14,974				2,365				2,156				23,655
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	24		6.91		—		—		11		5.25		52		4.72		87
Collateralized loan obligations	24		5.61		33		5.83		1,955		5.53		1,381		5.67		3,393
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		4		6.26		4
Other	—		—		91		5.20		—		—		—		—		91
Total asset-backed securities	48				124				1,966				1,437				3,575
State and political subdivisions(3)	30		3.66		26		5.26		—		—		—		—		56

Other U.S. debt securities	8		2.32		21		2.89		—		—		—		—		29
Total	$	15,440			$	32,941			$	6,977			$	12,086			$	67,444

Held-to-maturity(2):
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	4,046	0.30	%	$	363	1.32	%	$	1	5.07	%	$	8	4.82	%	$	4,418
Mortgage-backed securities	148		2.85		2,352		2.44		2,607		1.64		30,248		2.39		35,355
Total U.S. treasury and federal agencies	4,194				2,715				2,608				30,256				39,773








Non-U.S. debt securities:


Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	1,286		0.64		1,759		1.24		216		0.79		—		—		3,261

Total non-U.S. debt securities	1,286				1,759				216				—				3,261


Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	144		4.96		412		5.36		263		5.35		1,652		4.95		2,471


Total asset-backed securities	144				412				263				1,652				2,471
Total	$	5,624			$	4,886			$	3,087			$	31,908			$	45,505

(1) Weighted-average yields are calculated based on the contractual coupon of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security,and excludes the effect of related hedges.

(2) The maturities of MBS, ABS and CMOs are based on expected principal payments.

(3) Yields were calculated on a FTE basis, using applicable statutory tax rates (21.0% as of March 31, 2025).

State Street Corporation | 24

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Loans


TABLE 25: U.S. AND NON- U.S. LOANS
(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Domestic(1):
Commercial and financial:
Fund finance(2)	$	16,413	$	16,347
Leveraged loans	2,795		2,742
Overdrafts	1,596		1,208
Collateralized loan obligations in loan form	95		50
Other(3)	2,691		3,220
Commercial real estate	2,696		2,842

Total domestic	$	26,286	$	26,409
Foreign(1):
Commercial and financial:


Fund finance(2)	$	6,736	$	6,601
Leveraged loans	1,069		1,082
Overdrafts	1,424		772
Collateralized loan obligations in loan form	9,170		8,336

Total foreign	18,399		16,791
Total loans(4)	44,685		43,200
Allowance for loan losses	(176)		(174)
Loans, net of allowance	$	44,509	$	43,026

(1) Domestic and foreign categorization is based on the borrower’s country of domicile.

(2) Fund finance loans include primarily $11.78 billion private equity capital call finance loans, $7.84 billion loans to real money funds and $1.50 billion loans to business development companies as of March 31, 2025, compared to $11.54 billion private equity capital call finance loans, $8.09 billion loans to real money funds and $1.44 billion loans to business development companies as of December 31, 2024.

(3) Includes $2.48 billion securities finance loans and $214 million loans to municipalities as of March 31, 2025 and $3.01 billion securities finance loans and $214 million loans to municipalities as of December 31, 2024.

(4) As of March 31, 2025, excluding overdrafts, floating rate loans totaled $38.90 billion and fixed rate loans totaled $2.76 billion. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the forecasted cash flows associated with EURIBOR indexed floating-rate loans. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional details.

We sold $100 million of leveraged loans in first quarter of 2025, of which $20 million remained unsettled and was held for sale and carried at the lower of cost or market as of March 31, 2025. We recorded a charge-off against the allowance for these loans of $9 million in the first quarter of 2025.

We had binding unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 of $170 million and $104 million, respectively, to participate in syndications of leveraged loans. Additional information about these unfunded commitments is provided in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

These leveraged loans, which are primarily rated “speculative” under our internal risk-rating framework (refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q), are externally rated “BBB,” “BB” or “B,” with approximately 91% of the loans rated “BB” or “B” as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Our investment strategy involves generally limiting our investment to larger, more liquid

credits underwritten by major global financial institutions, applying our internal credit analysis process to each potential investment and diversifying our exposure by counterparty and industry segment. However, these loans have significant exposure to credit losses relative to higher-rated loans in our portfolio.

As of March 31, 2025, the commercial real estate portfolio consists of, by asset class, approximately 40% multifamily residential, 38% office buildings and 22% other asset classes, and the portfolio does not have any construction exposure. Additionally, as of March 31, 2025, the commercial real estate loans are on properties located in multiple markets across the United States, with no significant concentrations (New York Metro is the largest concentration at approximately 18%). Despite not having a significant concentration in any one market, a material decline in real estate markets or economic conditions could negatively impact the value or performance of one or more individual properties, which could adversely impact timely loan repayment, which may result in increased provisions for credit losses. We observed these effects in certain commercial real estate loans during the first quarter of 2025, resulting in additional provisions for credit losses. Were conditions, or our evaluation of conditions, in those or other markets to worsen during the remainder of 2025 or subsequent periods, we may increase our allowance for credit losses during those periods.

Additional information about all of our loan segments, as well as underlying classes, is provided in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Allowance for Credit Losses


TABLE 26: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	183	$	150
Provision for credit losses (funded commitments)(1)	11		31
Provisions for credit losses (unfunded commitments)	1		(4)

Charge-offs(2)	(9)		(31)


Ending balance	$	186	$	146

(1) The provision for credit losses is primarily related to commercial real estate and leveraged loans.

(2) The charge-offs are primarily related to leveraged loans in the first quarter of 2025 and commercial real estate and leveraged loans in the first quarter of 2024.

As of March 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses increased $3 million compared to December 31, 2024, reflecting provision for credit losses of $12 million primarily due to an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial real estate and leveraged loans, partially offset by

State Street Corporation | 25

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

charge-offs of $9 million, largely related to certain leveraged loans.

As of March 31, 2025, approximately $65 million of our allowance for credit losses was related to leveraged loans included in the commercial and financial segment compared to $68 million as of December 31, 2024. In addition, $105 million and $102 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was related to certain commercial real estate loans. The remaining $16 million and $13 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was related to other loans, off-balance sheet commitments, interest-bearing deposits with banks and other financial assets held at amortized cost, including investment securities. As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses represented 0.4% of total loans.

As our view on current and future economic conditions changes, our allowance for credit losses related to these loans may be impacted through a change to the provisions for credit losses, reflecting factors such as credit migration within our loan portfolio, as well as changes in management's economic outlook.

Additional information with respect to the allowance for credit losses is provided in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Risk Management

In the normal course of our business activities, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some that are inherent in the financial services industry, and others that are more specific to our business activities. Our risk management framework focuses on material risks, which include the following:

•credit and counterparty risk;

•liquidity risk, including funding and management;

•operational risk;

•information technology risk;

•resiliency risk;

•market risk associated with our trading activities;

•market risk associated with our non-trading activities, referred to as asset and liability management, consisting primarily of interest rate risk;

•model risk;

•strategic risk; and

•reputational, compliance, fiduciary and business conduct risk.

Many of these risks, as well as certain factors underlying each of them, could affect our businesses and our consolidated financial statements, and are

discussed in detail on pages 20 to 49 included under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

For additional information about our risk management, including our risk appetite framework and risk governance committee structure, refer to pages 81 to 87 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Risk Management, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Credit and Counterparty Risk Management

We define credit risk as the risk of financial loss if a counterparty, borrower or obligor, collectively referred to as a counterparty, is either unable or unwilling to repay borrowings or settle a transaction in accordance with underlying contractual terms. We assume credit risk in our traditional non-trading lending activities, such as overdrafts, loans and contingent commitments, in our investment securities portfolio, where recourse to a counterparty exists, and in our direct and indirect trading activities, such as securities purchased under a resale agreement, principal securities lending and FX and indemnified agency securities lending. We also assume credit risk in our day-to-day treasury and securities and other settlement operations, in the form of deposit placements and other cash balances, with central banks or private sector institutions and fees receivables.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We record an allowance for credit losses related to certain on-balance sheet credit exposures, including our financial assets held at amortized cost, as well as certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, including unfunded commitments and letters of credit. Review and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is ongoing throughout the year, but occurs at least quarterly, and is based, among other factors, on our evaluation of the level of risk in the portfolio and the estimated effects of our forecasts on our counterparties. We utilize multiple economic scenarios, consisting of a baseline, upside and downside scenarios, to develop our forecast of expected losses.

In the first quarter of 2025, the allowance estimate reflected an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial real estate loans, offset by charge-offs on certain leveraged loans. Allowance estimates are subject to uncertainties, including those inherent in our model and economic assumptions, and management may use qualitative adjustments. If future data and forecasts deviate relative to the forecasts utilized to determine our allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025, or if credit risk migration is higher or lower than forecasted for reasons independent of the economic forecast, our allowance for credit losses will also change.

State Street Corporation | 26

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Additional information about the allowance for credit losses is provided in Notes 3 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

For additional information about our credit risk management framework, including our core policies and principles, structure and organization, credit ratings, risk parameter estimates, credit risk mitigation, credit limits, reporting, monitoring and controls, refer to pages 87 to 91 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Credit Risk Management, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Liquidity Risk Management

Our liquidity framework contemplates areas of potential risk to our liquidity based on our activities, size and other appropriate risk-related factors. In managing liquidity risk, we employ limits, maintain established metrics and early warning indicators and perform routine stress testing to identify potential liquidity needs. This process involves the evaluation of a combination of internal and external scenarios which assist us in measuring our liquidity position and in identifying potential increases in cash needs or decreases in available sources of cash, as well as the potential impairment of our ability to access the global capital markets.

We manage our liquidity on a global, consolidated basis as well as on a stand-alone basis at our Parent Company and at certain branches and subsidiaries of State Street Bank. State Street Bank generally has access to markets and funding sources limited to banks, such as the federal funds market and the Federal Reserve's discount window. The Parent Company is managed to a more conservative liquidity profile, reflecting narrower market access. Additionally, the Parent Company typically holds, or has direct access to, primarily through SSIF, a direct subsidiary of the Parent Company, and the support agreement, as discussed in the "Uses of Liquidity" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis, enough cash and equivalents intended to meet its current debt maturities and other cash needs, as well as those projected over the next twelve-month period. Reference our SPOE Strategy as discussed in the "Uses of Liquidity" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis. Absent financial distress at the Parent Company, the liquid assets available at SSIF continue to be available to the Parent Company. As of March 31, 2025, our Parent Company and State Street Bank had approximately $1.29 billion of senior notes or subordinated debentures outstanding that will mature in the next twelve months.

As a systemically important financial institution, our liquidity risk management activities are subject to heightened and evolving regulatory requirements,

including interpretations of those requirements, under specific U.S. and international regulations and also resulting from published and unpublished guidance, supervisory activities, such as stress tests, resolution planning, examinations and other regulatory interactions. Satisfaction of these requirements could, in some cases, result in changes in the composition of our investment portfolio, reduced NII or NIM, a reduction in the level of certain business activities or modifications to the way in which we deliver our products and services. If we fail to meet regulatory requirements to the satisfaction of our regulators, we could receive negative regulatory stress test results, incur a resolution plan deficiency or determination of a non-credible resolution plan or otherwise receive an adverse regulatory finding. Our efforts to satisfy, or our failure to satisfy, these regulatory requirements could have a materially adverse affect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

For additional information on our liquidity risk management, as well as liquidity metrics, refer to pages 91 to 96 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Liquidity Risk Management, in our 2024 Form 10-K. For additional information on our liquidity ratios, including LCR and NSFR, refer to pages 12 and 13 included under Item 1, Business, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Asset Liquidity

Central to the management of our liquidity is asset liquidity, which consists primarily of HQLA. HQLA is the amount of liquid assets that qualify for inclusion in the LCR. As a banking organization, we are subject to a minimum LCR under the LCR rule approved by U.S. banking regulators. The LCR is intended to promote the short-term resilience of internationally active banking organizations, like us, to improve the banking industry's ability to absorb shocks arising from market stress over a 30 calendar day period and improve the measurement and management of liquidity risk. The LCR measures an institution’s HQLA against its net cash outflows. HQLA primarily consists of unencumbered cash and certain high quality liquid securities that qualify for inclusion under the LCR rule. Net cash outflows are measured as prescribed under the LCR rule which provides a significant benefit for deposits classified as operational. We report the LCR to the Federal Reserve daily. For the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, average daily LCR for the Parent Company was 106% and 107%, respectively. The impact of higher deposits on the Parent Company's LCR is limited by a cap, known as the transferability restriction, on the HQLA from State Street Bank that can be recognized at the Parent Company as defined in the U.S. LCR Final Rule. This restriction limits the HQLA used in the calculation of

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

the Parent Company's LCR to the amount of net cash outflows of its principal banking subsidiary (State Street Bank). The average HQLA, post-prescribed haircuts for the Parent Company under the LCR final rule definition was $148.04 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to $142.34 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in client deposits relative to the prior period. For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the LCR for State Street Bank was approximately 139%.

In addition, we are subject to the final rule issued by the U.S. banking agencies implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's (BCBS's) NSFR in the U.S. which became effective on July 1, 2021. The final rule requires large banking organizations to maintain an amount of available stable funding, which is a weighted measure of a company’s funding sources over a one-year time horizon, calculated by applying standardized weightings to the company’s equity and liabilities based on their expected stability. The amount of stable funding can be no less than the amount of required stable funding, which is calculated by applying standardized weightings to assets, derivatives exposures and certain other items based on their liquidity characteristics. As a U.S. G-SIB, we are required to maintain an NSFR that is equal to or greater than 100%. Pursuant to the BCBS's NSFR final rule, as a subsidiary of a U.S. G-SIB, State Street Bank is similarly required to maintain an NSFR that is equal to or greater than 100%. As of March 31, 2025, both the Parent Company's and State Street Bank's NSFR were above the 100% minimum NSFR requirement.

We maintained average cash balances in excess of regulatory requirements governing deposits with the Federal Reserve, the ECB and other non-U.S. central banks of approximately $89.58 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to $86.88 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2024. The higher levels of average cash balances with central banks reflect higher levels of client deposits.

Liquid securities carried in our asset liquidity include securities pledged without corresponding advances from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB), the FHLB, and other non-U.S. central banks. State Street Bank is a member of the FHLB. This membership allows for advances of liquidity in varying terms against high-quality collateral, which helps facilitate asset and liability management.

Access to primary, intraday and contingent liquidity provided by these utilities is an important source of contingent liquidity with utilization subject to underlying conditions. As of March 31, 2025, we had

no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRBB discount window, and $11.8 billion outstanding of FHLB funding. As of December 31, 2024, we had no outstanding primary credit borrowings from the FRBB discount window and $9.8 billion outstanding borrowings from the FHLB. These outstanding borrowings have initial maturities of twelve months and are recorded in other short-term borrowings in the consolidated statement of condition.

In addition to the investment securities included in our asset liquidity, we have other unencumbered investment securities and certain loans that we can pledge as collateral to access these various facilities. These additional assets are available sources of liquidity, although not as rapidly deployed as those included in our LCR asset liquidity.

The average fair value of total unencumbered securities was $66.17 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to $63.23 billion for the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

Uses of Liquidity

Significant uses of our liquidity could result from the following: withdrawals of client deposits; draw-downs by our custody clients of lines of credit; advances to clients to settle securities transactions; increases in our investment and loan portfolios; or other permitted purposes. Such circumstances would generally arise under stress conditions including deterioration in credit ratings. A recurring use of our liquidity involves our deployment of HQLA from our investment portfolio to post collateral to financial institutions serving as sources of securities under our prime services program.

We had unfunded commitments to extend credit with gross contractual amounts totaling $34.12 billion and $34.19 billion and standby letters of credit totaling $0.81 billion and $0.91 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These amounts do not reflect the value of any collateral. As of March 31, 2025, approximately 75% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit and 52% of our standby letters of credit expire within one year. Since many of our commitments are expected to expire or renew without being drawn upon, the gross contractual amounts do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements.

Recovery and Resolution Planning

Under Section 165(d) of the Dodd-Frank Act, we are required to submit a resolution plan on a biennial basis jointly to the Federal Reserve and the FDIC (the U.S. Agencies). The purpose of our resolution plan is to describe our preferred resolution strategy and to demonstrate that we have the resources and capabilities to execute on that strategy in the event of major financial distress. Through resolution planning, we seek to maintain our role as a key infrastructure

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

provider within the financial system, while minimizing risk to the financial system.

The U.S. Agencies' final rule from 2019 requires U.S. G-SIBs to file a full resolution plan and a targeted resolution plan on an alternating basis in the relevant submission years. We submitted our last full 165(d) resolution plan by July 1, 2023. Feedback letters from the U.S. Agencies on the results of the 2023 plan submissions were released to each of the U.S. G-SIBs on June 21, 2024. We have no identified shortcomings or deficiencies. Our next 165(d) resolution plan submission to the U.S. Agencies is a targeted plan due by July 1, 2025.

State Street Bank is also required to submit to the FDIC a plan for resolution in the event of its failure, referred to as an IDI plan. We submitted our last IDI plan by December 1, 2023. Following the notice of proposed rulemaking from August 2023, the FDIC amended and restated its rule on IDI plans in June 2024. The final rule became effective on October 1, 2024 and requires IDI subsidiaries of U.S. G-SIBs, such as State Street Bank, to file their IDI plans on a biennial basis, with the first IDI Plan submission under the final rule due by July 1, 2026.

Additionally, we are required to submit a recovery plan periodically to the Federal Reserve. This plan includes strategies designed to respond to stress factors at an early stage and stabilize and maintain operational continuity and market confidence.

For additional information about our recovery and resolution plan, refer to pages 15 to 16 included under Item 1, Business, "Supervision and Regulation" in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Funding

Deposits

We provide products and services including custody, accounting, administration, daily pricing, FX services, cash management, financial asset management, securities finance and investment advisory services. As a provider of these products and services, we generate client deposits, which have generally provided a stable and low-cost source of funds. As a global custodian, clients place deposits with our entities in various currencies. As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, approximately 70% of our average total deposit balances were denominated in U.S. dollars, 15% in EUR, 5% in GBP and 10% in all other currencies.

Short-Term Funding

Our on-balance sheet liquid assets are also an integral component of our liquidity management strategy. These assets provide liquidity through maturities of the assets, but more importantly, they provide us with the ability to raise funds by pledging

the securities as collateral for borrowings or through outright sales. In addition, our access to the global capital markets gives us the ability to source incremental funding from wholesale investors through relatively low-cost channels to further support business growth. As discussed earlier under “Asset Liquidity,” State Street Bank's membership in the FHLB allows for advances of liquidity with varying terms against high-quality collateral.

Short-term secured funding also comes in the form of securities lent or sold under agreements to repurchase. These transactions are short-term in nature, generally overnight and are collateralized by high-quality investment securities. These balances were $3.52 billion and $3.68 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

State Street Bank continues to maintain a line of credit with a financial institution of CAD $1.40 billion, or approximately $0.97 billion as of March 31, 2025, to support its Canadian securities processing operations. The line of credit has no stated termination date and is cancellable by either party with prior notice. As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no balance outstanding on this line of credit.

Long-Term Funding

We have the ability to issue debt and equity securities under our current universal shelf registration statement to meet current commitments and business needs.

On January 27, 2025, we redeemed $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.857% fixed-to floating rate senior notes due 2026.

On February 6, 2025, we redeemed $300 million aggregate principal amount of 1.746% fixed-to floating rate senior notes due 2026.

On February 28, 2025, we issued $1,350 million aggregate principal amount of 4.536% fixed rate senior notes due 2028, $650 million aggregate principal amount of 4.729% fixed rate senior notes due 2030 and $750 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2036.

On March 30, 2025, we redeemed $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.901% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.

On April 17, 2025, we notified the holders of our $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.104% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026, that we will redeem all the notes on May 18, 2025.

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On April 24, 2025, we issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes due 2028, $700 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2028 and $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.834% fixed rate senior notes due 2030.

Agency Credit Ratings

Our ability to maintain consistent access to liquidity is fostered by the maintenance of high investment grade ratings as measured by major credit rating agencies. Factors essential to maintaining high credit ratings include:

•diverse and stable core earnings;

•relative market position;

•strong risk management;

•strong capital ratios;

•diverse liquidity sources, including the global capital markets and client deposits;

•strong liquidity monitoring procedures; and

•preparedness for current or future regulatory developments.

High ratings limit borrowing costs and enhance our liquidity by:

•providing confidence for unsecured funding and depositors;

•increasing the potential market for our debt and improving our ability to offer products;

•facilitating reduced collateral haircuts in secured lending transactions; and

•engaging in transactions in which clients value high credit ratings.

A downgrade or reduction in our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity by restricting our ability to access the capital markets, which could increase the related cost of funds. In turn, this could cause the sudden and large-scale withdrawal of unsecured deposits by our clients, which could lead to drawdowns of unfunded commitments to extend credit or trigger requirements under securities purchase commitments; or require additional collateral or force terminations of certain trading derivative contracts.

A majority of our derivative contracts have been entered into under bilateral agreements with counterparties who may require us to post collateral or terminate the transactions based on changes in our credit ratings. We assess the impact of these arrangements by determining the collateral that would be required assuming a downgrade by major rating agencies. The additional collateral or termination payments related to our net derivative liabilities under these arrangements that could have been called by counterparties in the event of a downgrade in our

credit ratings below levels specified in the agreements is provided in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.

Operational Risk Management

Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events.

Volatility in the global equity and fixed income markets driven by recent policy developments and heightened geopolitical tensions (including changes in trade policy of the United States and of other nations and conflicts in Ukraine and in the Middle East) may result in stress on the operating environment, elevate operational risk, and heighten information technology risk exposures, including cyber-threats. See also “Information Technology Risk Management” below.

For additional information about our operational risk framework, refer to pages 97 to 98 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "Operational Risk Management", in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Information Technology Risk Management

We define information technology risk as the risk associated with the use, ownership, operation and adoption of information technology. Information technology risk includes risks potentially triggered by non-compliance with regulatory obligations or expectations, information security or cyber incidents, internal control and process gaps, operational events and adoption of new business technologies.

For additional information about our information technology risk framework and associated risks, refer to pages 98 to 99 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "Information Technology Risk Management" in our 2024 Form 10-K, and pages 42 to 44 included under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2024 Form 10-K - "Any failures of or damage to, attack on or unauthorized access to our information technology systems or facilities or disruptions to our continuous operations, including the systems, facilities or operations of third parties with which we do business, such as resulting from cyber-attacks, could result in significant costs, and reputational damage and impact our ability to conduct our business activities."

Market Risk Management

Market risk is defined by the U.S. Agencies as the risk of loss that could result from broad market movements, such as changes in the general level of

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates or commodity prices. We are exposed to market risk in both our trading and certain of our non-trading, or asset and liability management, activities.

Information about the market risk associated with our trading activities is provided below under “Trading Activities.” Information about the market risk associated with our non-trading activities, which consists primarily of interest rate risk, is provided below under “Asset and Liability Management Activities.”

Trading Activities

In the conduct of our trading activities, we assume market risk, the level of which is a function of our overall risk appetite, business objectives and liquidity needs, our clients' requirements and market volatility and our execution against those factors.

As part of our trading activities, we assume positions in the foreign exchange and interest rate markets by buying and selling cash instruments and entering into derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange and interest rate options and interest rate swaps, interest rate forward contracts and interest rate futures. As of March 31, 2025, the notional amount of these derivative contracts was $2.99 trillion, of which $2.90 trillion was composed of foreign exchange forward, swap and spot contracts. We seek to match positions closely with the objective of mitigating related currency and interest rate risk. All foreign exchange contracts are valued daily at current market rates.

For additional information about the market risk associated with our trading activities, refer to pages 99 to 101 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "Market Risk Management" in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Value-at-Risk and Stressed VaR

We use a variety of risk measurement tools and methodologies, including VaR, which is an estimate of potential loss for a given period within a stated statistical confidence interval. We use a risk measurement methodology to measure trading-related VaR daily. We have adopted standards for measuring trading-related VaR, and we maintain regulatory capital for market risk associated with our trading activities in conformity with currently applicable bank regulatory market risk requirements. Our regulatory VaR-based measure is calculated based on historical volatilities of market risk factors during a two-year observation period calibrated to a one-tail, 99% confidence interval and a ten-business-day holding period.

We calculate a stressed VaR-based measure using the same model we use to calculate VaR, but

with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a range of continuous twelve-month periods that reflect significant financial stress. The stressed VaR model is designed to identify the second-worst outcome occurring in the worst continuous one-year rolling period since July 2007. This stressed VaR meets the regulatory requirement as the rolling ten-day period with an outcome that is worse than 99% of other outcomes during that twelve-month period of financial stress. For each portfolio, the stress period is determined algorithmically by seeking the one-year time horizon that produces the largest ten-business-day VaR from within the available historical data. This historical data set includes the financial crisis of 2008, the highly volatile period surrounding the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the Standard & Poor's downgrade of U.S. Treasury debt in August 2011. As the historical data set used to determine the stress period expands over time, future market stress events will be incorporated.

For additional information about our VaR measurement tools and methodologies, refer to pages 101 to 106 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "Value-at-Risk and Stressed VaR" in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Stress Testing

We have a corporate-wide stress testing program in place that incorporates techniques to measure the potential loss we could suffer in a hypothetical scenario of adverse economic and financial conditions. We also monitor concentrations of risk such as concentration by branch, risk component, and currency pairs. We conduct stress testing on a daily basis based on selected historical stress events that are relevant to our positions in order to estimate the potential impact to our current portfolio should similar market conditions recur, and we also perform stress testing as part of the Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) process. Stress testing is conducted, analyzed and reported at the corporate, trading desk, division and risk-factor level (for example, exchange risk, interest rate risk and volatility risk).

Stress testing results and limits are actively monitored on a daily basis by Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and reported to the Trading and Markets Risk Committee (TMRC). Limit breaches are addressed by ERM risk managers in conjunction with the business units, escalated as appropriate, and reviewed by the TMRC if material. In addition, we have established several action triggers that prompt review by management and the implementation of a remediation plan.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

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Validation and Back-Testing

We perform frequent back-testing to assess the accuracy of our VaR-based model in estimating loss at the stated confidence level. This back-testing involves the comparison of estimated VaR model outputs to daily, actual profit-and-loss (P&L) outcomes observed from daily market movements. We back-test our VaR model using “clean” P&L, which excludes non-trading revenue such as fees, commissions and NII, as well as estimated revenue from intraday trading.

Our VaR definition of trading losses excludes items that are not specific to the price movement of the trading assets and liabilities themselves, such as fees, commissions, changes to reserves and gains or losses from intraday activity.

We experienced no back-testing exceptions in either quarter ended March 31, 2025 or March 31, 2024 and we had one back testing exception in the quarter ended December 31, 2024. At a 99% confidence interval, the statistical expectation for a VaR model is to witness one exception every hundred trading days (or two to three exceptions per year).

The following tables present VaR and stressed VaR associated with our trading activities for covered positions held during the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively, as measured by our VaR methodology. Diversification effect in the tables below represents the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for each trading activity. This effect arises because the risks present in our trading activities are not perfectly correlated.


TABLE 27: TEN-DAY VALUE-AT-RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES FOR COVERED POSITIONS
	Three Months Ended														As of March 31, 2025		As of December 31, 2024			As of March 31, 2024
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Avg.		Max.		Min.		Avg.		Max.		Min.		Avg.						Max.			Min.			VaR			VaR	VaR
State Street Markets	$	9,179	$	21,806	$	5,203	$	11,339	$	15,938	$	6,253	$	12,157	$	19,660	$	7,536		$	5,416		$	12,890		$	17,091
Global Treasury	3,209		7,247		583		2,533		8,332		468		1,441		3,222		497			1,086			2,451			1,741
Diversification	(2,679)		(7,246)		(683)		(2,389)		(8,207)		1,110		(1,412)		(3,222)		(403)			(1,186)			(2,851)			(1,758)
Total VaR	$	9,709	$	21,807	$	5,103	$	11,483	$	16,063	$	7,831	$	12,186	$	19,660	$	7,630		$	5,316		$	12,490		$	17,074

TABLE 28: TEN-DAY STRESSED VALUE-AT-RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES FOR COVERED POSITIONS
	Three Months Ended														As of March 31, 2025		As of December 31, 2024			As of March 31, 2024
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Avg.		Max.		Min.		Avg.		Max.		Min.		Avg.						Max.			Min.			VaR			VaR	VaR
State Street Markets	$	51,801	$	82,147	$	28,037	$	36,695	$	66,363	$	16,172	$	47,674	$	72,735	$	26,194		$	49,457		$	41,379		$	58,561
Global Treasury	10,126		18,390		5,620		8,892		23,717		3,943		6,649		14,031		4,424			9,509			7,790			5,819
Diversification	(9,456)		(19,712)		(6,744)		(6,608)		(20,633)		(1,257)		(7,390)		(12,731)		(3,625)			(4,783)			(4,580)			(4,889)
Total Stressed VaR	$	52,471	$	80,825	$	26,913	$	38,979	$	69,447	$	18,858	$	46,933	$	74,035	$	26,993		$	54,183		$	44,589		$	59,491

The three month average of our total stressed VaR-based measure was approximately $52 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to an average of approximately $39 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and $47 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the average total stressed VaR for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to both the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, was primarily attributed to higher foreign exchange and interest rate risk positions.

The VaR-based measures as presented in the preceding tables are primarily a reflection of the overall level of market volatility and our appetite for taking market risk in our trading activities. While overall levels of volatility have varied over the historical observation periods, smaller residual market risk positions during the quarter have led to a reduction in VaR measures presented.

We have in the past and may in the future modify and adjust our models and methodologies used to calculate VaR and stressed VaR, subject to regulatory review and approval, and any future modifications and adjustments may result in changes in our VaR-based and stressed VaR-based measures.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

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The following tables present the VaR and stressed-VaR associated with our trading activities attributable to foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and volatility risk as of March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Diversification effect in the tables below represents the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for each trading activity. This effect arises because the risks present in our trading activities are not perfectly correlated.


TABLE 29: TEN-DAY VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk		Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk			Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk
By component:
State Street Markets	$	3,219	$	4,397	$	307	$	3,474	$	10,422	$	180		$	5,778	$	18,106	$	457
Global Treasury	265		1,125		—		409		2,505		—			320		1,699		—
Diversification	(71)		(1,092)		—		(388)		(2,920)		—			(344)		(1,929)		—
Total VaR	$	3,413	$	4,430	$	307	$	3,495	$	10,007	$	180		$	5,754	$	17,876	$	457


TABLE 30: TEN-DAY STRESSED VaR ASSOCIATED WITH TRADING ACTIVITIES BY RISK FACTOR(1)
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024					March 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk			Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk		Foreign Exchange Risk		Interest Rate Risk		Volatility Risk
By component:
State Street Markets	$	4,706	$	57,025	$	701		$	7,357	$	43,800	$	518	$	17,211	$	56,902	$	672
Global Treasury	5,770		6,390		—			6,246		7,202		—		4,835		6,613		—
Diversification	(5,050)		(6,237)		—			(5,017)		(8,671)		—		(4,352)		(6,478)		—
Total Stressed VaR	$	5,426	$	57,178	$	701		$	8,586	$	42,331	$	518	$	17,694	$	57,037	$	672

(1) For purposes of risk attribution by component, foreign exchange refers only to the risk from market movements in period-end rates. Forwards, futures, options and swaps with maturities greater than period-end have embedded interest rate risk that is captured by the measures used for interest rate risk. Accordingly, the interest rate risk embedded in these foreign exchange instruments is included in the interest rate risk component.

Asset and Liability Management Activities

The primary objective of asset and liability management is to provide sustainable NII under varying economic conditions, while protecting the economic value of the assets and liabilities carried on our consolidated statement of condition from the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. While many market factors affect the level of NII and the economic value of our assets and liabilities, one of the most significant factors is our exposure to movements in interest rates. Most of our NII is earned from the investment of client deposits generated by our businesses. We invest these client deposits in assets that conform generally to the liquidity characteristics of our balance sheet liabilities, as well as the currency composition of our significant non-U.S. dollar denominated client deposits.

We quantify NII sensitivity using an earnings simulation model that includes our expectations for new business growth, changes in balance sheet mix and investment portfolio positioning. This measure compares our baseline view of NII over a twelve-month horizon, based on our internal forecast of interest rates, to a wide range of rate shocks. Our baseline view of NII is updated on a regular basis. Table 31, Key Interest Rates for Baseline Forecasts, presents the spot and 12-month forward rates used in our baseline forecasts at March 31, 2025 and 2024. Our baseline rate forecast as of March 31, 2025 was generally consistent with common market expectations for global central bank actions at that point in time, including that rate cuts would continue in 2025.


TABLE 31: KEY INTEREST RATES FOR BASELINE FORECASTS
	March 31, 2025						March 31, 2024
	Fed Funds Target		ECB Target(1)		10-Year Treasury		Fed Funds Target		ECB Target(1)		10-Year Treasury
Spot rates	4.50	%	2.50	%	4.21	%	5.50	%	4.00	%	4.20	%
12-month forward rates	3.75		2.00		4.36		4.50		2.75		4.25

(1) European Central Bank deposit facility rate.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In Table 32: Net Interest Income Sensitivity, we report the expected change in NII over the next twelve months from instantaneous 100 basis point shocks to various tenors on the yield curve relative to our baseline rate forecast, including the impacts from U.S. and non-U.S. rates. Each scenario assumes no management action is taken to mitigate the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on our financial performance. While investment securities balances and composition can fluctuate with the level of rates as prepayment assumptions change, for purposes of this analysis our deposit balances and mix are assumed to remain consistent with the baseline forecast which assumes client deposit balance rotation, including reductions in non-interest-bearing deposit balances. The results of these scenarios should not be extrapolated for other (e.g., more severe) shocks as the impact of interest rate shocks may not be linear. In lower rate scenarios, the full impact of the shock is realized for all currencies even if the result is negative interest rates.


TABLE 32: NET INTEREST INCOME SENSITIVITY
	March 31, 2025						March 31, 2024
(In millions)	U.S. Dollar		All Other Currencies		Total		U.S. Dollar		All Other Currencies		Total
Rate change:	Benefit (Exposure)						Benefit (Exposure)
Parallel shifts:
+100 bps shock	$	73	$	246	$	319	$	(5)	$	286	$	281
-100 bps shock	(73)		(221)		(294)		(18)		(241)		(259)
Steeper yield curve:
+100 bps shift in long-end rates(1)	23		15		38		39		15		54
-100 bps shift in short-end rates(1)	(46)		(207)		(253)		24		(226)		(202)
Flatter yield curve:
+100 bps shift in short-end rates(1)	49		232		281		(44)		271		227
-100 bps shift in long-end rates(1)	(26)		(14)		(40)		(41)		(15)		(56)

(1) The short-end is 0-3 months. The long-end is 5 years and above. Interim term points are interpolated.

Our overall balance sheet, including all currencies, continues to be asset sensitive with an NII benefit in higher rate scenarios and NII exposure in lower rate scenarios, primarily driven by our sensitivities on the short-end of the yield curve. Compared to March 31, 2024, our overall NII sensitivity and our USD balance sheet's NII sensitivity have increased mainly due to higher client deposits and a lower investment portfolio duration. Our non-USD NII sensitivity as of March 31, 2025, has decreased compared to March 31, 2024, mainly due to interest rate risk hedging activity.

For additional information about our Asset and Liability Management Activities, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Risk Management”.

Model Risk Management

The use of models is widespread throughout the financial services industry, with large and complex organizations relying on sophisticated models to support numerous aspects of their financial decision making. The models contemporaneously represent both a significant advancement in financial management and a source of risk. In large banking organizations like ours, model results influence business decisions, and model failure could have a harmful effect on our financial performance. As a result, the Model Risk Management Framework seeks to mitigate our model risk.

For additional information about our model risk management framework, including our governance and model validation, refer to pages 106 to 107 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, "Model Risk Management", in our 2024 Form 10-K.

State Street Corporation | 34

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Strategic Risk Management

We define strategic risk as the current or prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of strategic initiatives, or lack of responsiveness to industry-wide changes. Strategic risks are influenced by changes in the competitive environment; decline in market performance or changes in our business activities; and the potential secondary impacts of reputational risks, not already captured as market, interest rate, credit, operational, model or liquidity risks. We incorporate strategic risk into our assessment of our business plans and risk and capital management processes. Management of strategic risk is an integral component of all aspects of our business.

Separating the effects of a potential material adverse event into operational and strategic risk is sometimes difficult. For instance, the direct financial impact of an unfavorable event in the form of fines or penalties would be classified as an operational risk loss, while the impact on our reputation and consequently the potential loss of clients and corresponding decline in revenue would be classified as a strategic risk loss. An additional example of strategic risk is the integration of a major acquisition. Failure to successfully integrate the operations of an acquired business, and the resultant inability to retain clients and the associated revenue, would be classified as a loss due to strategic risk.

Strategic risk is managed with a long-term focus. Techniques for its assessment and management include the development of business plans, which are subject to review and challenge from senior management and the Board of Directors, as well as a formal review and approval process for all new business and product proposals. The potential impact of the various elements of strategic risk is difficult to quantify with any degree of precision. We use a combination of historical earnings volatility, scenario analysis, stress-testing and management judgment to help assess the potential effect on us attributable to strategic risk. Management and control of strategic risks are generally the responsibility of the business units, with oversight from the control functions, as part of their overall strategic planning and internal risk management processes.

Capital

Managing our capital involves evaluating whether our actual and projected levels of capital are commensurate with our risk profile, are in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements and are sufficient to provide us with the financial flexibility to undertake future strategic business initiatives. We assess capital adequacy based on relevant regulatory capital requirements, as well as our own internal

capital goals, targets and other relevant metrics.

Our designation as a G-SIB is based on a number of factors, as evaluated by banking regulators, and requires us to maintain an additional capital surcharge above the minimum capital ratios set forth in the Basel III final rule. Further, like all other U.S. G-SIBs, we are currently subject to a 2.0% SLR buffer at the holding company and a 3% buffer at State Street Bank, in addition to the required minimum of 3.0% under the Basel III final rule. If we fail to exceed any regulatory buffer or surcharge, we will be subject to increased restrictions (depending upon the extent of the shortfall) regarding capital distributions and discretionary executive bonus payments.

Not all of our competitors have similarly been designated as systemically important nor are all of them subject to the same degree of regulation as a bank or financial holding company, and therefore some of our competitors may not be subject to the same capital, liquidity and other regulatory requirements.

For additional information about our capital, refer to pages 108 to 117 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Regulatory Capital

We and State Street Bank are subject to the U.S. Basel III framework. We are also subject to the final market risk capital rule issued by the U.S. Agencies.

The Basel III rule provides two frameworks for monitoring capital adequacy: the “standardized approach" and the “advanced approaches", applicable to advanced approaches banking organizations, like us. The standardized approach prescribes standardized calculations for credit risk RWA, including specified risk weights for on and certain off-balance sheet exposures. The advanced approaches consist of the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approach used for the calculation of credit risk RWA, and the Advanced Measurement Approach used for the calculation of operational risk RWA.

As required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) enacted in 2010, we and State Street Bank, as advanced approaches banking organizations, are subject to a "capital floor," also referred to as the Collins Amendment, in the assessment of our regulatory capital adequacy, such that our risk-based capital ratios for regulatory assessment purposes are the lower of each ratio calculated under the advanced approaches and the standardized approach. Under the advanced approaches, State Street and State Street Bank are subject to a 2.5% CCB requirement,

State Street Corporation | 35

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

plus any applicable countercyclical capital buffer requirement, which is currently set at 0%. Under the standardized approach, State Street Bank is subject to the same CCB and countercyclical capital buffer requirements, but for State Street, the 2.5% CCB requirement is replaced by the SCB requirement according to the SCB rule issued in 2020. In addition, State Street is subject to a G-SIB surcharge.

The SCB replaced, under the standardized approach, the CCB with a buffer calculated as the difference between the institution’s starting and lowest projected CET1 ratio under the CCAR severely adverse scenario plus planned common stock dividend payments (as a percentage of RWA) from the fourth through seventh quarter of the CCAR planning horizon. The SCB requirement can be no less than 2.5% of RWA. Breaching the SCB or other regulatory buffer or surcharge will limit a banking organization’s ability to make capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

On June 26, 2024, we were notified by the Federal Reserve of the results from the 2024 supervisory stress test. Our SCB calculated under the 2024 supervisory stress test was well below the 2.5% minimum, resulting in an SCB at that floor, which remains in effect for the period from October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025.

Our minimum risk-based capital ratios as of January 1, 2025 include a CCB of 2.5% and a SCB of 2.5% for the advanced approaches and standardized approach, respectively, a G-SIB surcharge of 1.0%, and a countercyclical buffer of 0.0%. This results in minimum risk-based ratios of 8.0% for the Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio, 9.5% for the tier 1 capital ratio, and 11.5% for the total capital ratio.

Our current G-SIB surcharge, through December 31, 2025, is 1.0%. Based upon calculations using data as of December 31, 2024, our surcharge will remain at 1.0% through December 31, 2026.

To maintain the status of the Parent Company as a financial holding company, we and our IDI subsidiaries are required, among other requirements, to be "well capitalized" as defined by Regulation Y and Regulation H.

The market risk capital rule requires us to use internal models to calculate daily measures of VaR, which reflect general market risk for certain of our trading positions defined by the rule as “covered positions,” as well as stressed-VaR measures to

supplement the VaR measures. The rule also requires a public disclosure composed of qualitative and quantitative information about the market risk associated with our trading activities and our related VaR and stressed-VaR measures. The qualitative and quantitative information required by the rule is provided under "Market Risk Management" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis.

On July 27, 2023, U.S. Agencies issued a proposed rule to implement the Basel III endgame agreement (2023 Basel III Endgame Proposal) for large banks, and separately proposed revisions to the U.S. G-SIB capital surcharge framework (2023 G-SIB Surcharge Proposal). The 2023 Basel III Endgame Proposal would, among other things, eliminate the advanced approaches for monitoring risk-based capital adequacy in favor of a new standardized expanded risk-based approach that includes new standardized approaches for credit risk, operational risk and CVA risk RWA components, and would also replace the existing market risk rule with the new fundamental review of the trading book framework. The G-SIB Surcharge Proposal would, among other things, measure the G-SIB surcharge in more granular 0.1% increments as opposed to the 0.5% increments that currently apply.

Recent public statements by U.S. banking officials indicate that the 2023 Basel III Endgame Proposal and 2023 G-SIB Surcharge Proposal are under reconsideration. However, the timing and content of any potential re-proposal, and the effects of any re-proposal on State Street, remain uncertain at this stage.

On April 17, 2025, the Fed issued a proposed rule to reduce volatility in the stress capital buffer requirement, primarily through the averaging of the decline in a firm’s CET1 capital over a two-year horizon (current and prior year). The proposal would also extend the annual effective date of each firm’s stress capital buffer requirement by one quarter, from October 1 to January 1. The proposal is intended to be effective as of the 2025 stress testing cycle. State Street does not expect the proposal to materially impact its stress capital buffer requirement, which is currently at the 2.5% floor.

For additional information about our regulatory capital, refer to pages 109 to 115 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

State Street Corporation | 36

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents the regulatory capital structure and related regulatory capital ratios for us and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated. We are subject to the more stringent of the risk-based capital ratios calculated under the standardized approach and those calculated under the advanced approaches in the assessment of our capital adequacy under applicable bank regulatory standards.


TABLE 33: REGULATORY CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND RELATED REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS
					State Street Corporation												State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)					Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025			Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025			Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024			Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024			Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025			Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025			Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024			Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024
Common shareholders' equity:
Common stock and related surplus					$	11,197		$	11,197		$	11,226		$	11,226		$	13,333		$	13,333		$	13,333		$	13,333
Retained earnings					29,959			29,959			29,582			29,582			16,208			16,208			15,977			15,977
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)					(1,792)			(1,792)			(2,100)			(2,100)			(1,521)			(1,521)			(1,805)			(1,805)
Treasury stock, at cost					(16,231)			(16,231)			(16,198)			(16,198)			—			—			—			—
Total					23,133			23,133			22,510			22,510			28,020			28,020			27,505			27,505
Regulatory capital adjustments:
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities					(8,343)			(8,343)			(8,320)			(8,320)			(8,076)			(8,076)			(8,054)			(8,054)
Other adjustments(1)					(428)			(428)			(391)			(391)			(314)			(314)			(278)			(278)
Common equity tier 1 capital					14,362			14,362			13,799			13,799			19,630			19,630			19,173			19,173
Preferred stock					3,559			3,559			2,816			2,816			—			—			—			—


Tier 1 capital					17,921			17,921			16,615			16,615			19,630			19,630			19,173			19,173
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt					1,871			1,871			1,861			1,861			529			529			530			530

Adjusted allowance for credit losses					7			186			—			183			7			186			—			183

Total capital					$	19,799		$	19,978		$	18,476		$	18,659		$	20,166		$	20,345		$	19,703		$	19,886
Risk-weighted assets:





Credit risk(2)					$	62,541		$	127,888		$	63,252		$	124,281		$	59,213		$	125,857		$	57,883		$	121,785
Operational risk(3)					49,413			NA			49,350			NA			47,625			NA			47,538			NA




Market risk					2,320			2,320			2,000			2,000			2,320			2,320			2,000			2,000
Total risk-weighted assets					$	114,274		$	130,208		$	114,602		$	126,281		$	109,158		$	128,177		$	107,421		$	123,785



Capital Ratios:	2025 Minimum Requirements Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge(4)		2024 Minimum Requirements Including Capital Conservation Buffer and G-SIB Surcharge(4)
Common equity tier 1 capital	8.0	%	8.0	%	12.6		%	11.0		%	12.0		%	10.9		%	18.0		%	15.3		%	17.8		%	15.5		%
Tier 1 capital	9.5		9.5		15.7			13.8			14.5			13.2			18.0			15.3			17.8			15.5
Total capital	11.5		11.5		17.3			15.3			16.1			14.8			18.5			15.9			18.3			16.1

(1) Other adjustments within CET1 capital primarily include disallowed deferred tax assets, cash flow hedges that are not recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, and the overfunded portion of our defined benefit pension plan obligation net of associated deferred tax liabilities.

(2) Under the advanced approaches, credit risk RWA includes a CVA which reflects the risk of potential fair value adjustments for credit risk reflected in our valuation of over-the-counter derivative contracts. We used a simple CVA approach in conformity with the Basel III advanced approaches.

(3) Under the current advanced approaches rules and regulatory guidance concerning operational risk models, RWA attributable to operational risk can vary substantially from period-to-period, without direct correlation to the effects of a particular loss event on our results of operations and financial condition and impacting dates and periods that may differ from the dates and periods as of and during which the loss event is reflected in our financial statements, with the timing and categorization dependent on the processes for model updates and, if applicable, model revalidation and regulatory review and related supervisory processes. An individual loss event can have a significant effect on the output of our operational RWA under the advanced approaches depending on the severity of the loss event and its categorization among the seven Basel-defined UOMs.

(4) Minimum requirements include a CCB of 2.5% and a SCB of 2.5% for the advanced approaches and the standardized approach, respectively, a G-SIB surcharge of 1.0% and a countercyclical buffer of 0%. On June 26, 2024, we were notified by the Federal Reserve of the results from the 2024 supervisory stress test. Our SCB calculated under the 2024 supervisory stress test was well below the 2.5% minimum, resulting in an SCB at that floor, which will continue to remain in effect for the period from October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025.

NA Not applicable

State Street Corporation | 37

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our CET1 capital ratio increased to 11.0% as of March 31, 2025, compared to 10.9% as of December 31, 2024, under the standardized approach, primarily driven by capital generated from earnings, partially offset by higher RWA from securities finance and increased loan balances as well as continued capital return.

Our CET1 capital increased $0.56 billion as of March 31, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, under both the advanced approaches and standardized approach, primarily due to an increase in net income and improved AOCI, partially offset by dividends declared and common share repurchases in the first quarter of 2025.

Our Tier 1 capital increased $1.31 billion as of March 31, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, under both the advanced approaches and standardized approach, due to the increase in CET1 capital and net issuance of preferred stock in the first quarter of 2025.

Our Tier 2 capital remained flat as of March 31, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, under both the advanced approaches and standardized approach.

Our total capital increased $1.32 billion as of March 31, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, under both the advanced approaches and standardized approach, primarily due to the increase in CET1 capital and net issuance of preferred stock in the first quarter of 2025.

The table below presents a roll-forward of CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.


TABLE 34: CAPITAL ROLL-FORWARD
(In millions)	Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025		Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025		Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024		Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024
Common equity tier 1 capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period	$	13,799	$	13,799	$	12,971	$	12,971
Net income	643		643		2,687		2,687
Changes in treasury stock, at cost	(33)		(33)		(1,173)		(1,173)
Dividends declared	(266)		(266)		(1,062)		(1,062)
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities	(23)		(23)		150		150
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1)	308		308		254		254
Other adjustments(1)	(66)		(66)		(28)		(28)
Changes in common equity tier 1 capital	563		563		828		828
Common equity tier 1 capital balance, end of period	14,362		14,362		13,799		13,799
Additional tier 1 capital:
Tier 1 capital balance, beginning of period	16,615		16,615		14,947		14,947
Changes in common equity tier 1 capital	563		563		828		828
Net issuance (redemption) of preferred stock	743		743		840		840


Changes in tier 1 capital	1,306		1,306		1,668		1,668
Tier 1 capital balance, end of period	17,921		17,921		16,615		16,615
Tier 2 capital:
Tier 2 capital balance, beginning of period	1,861		2,044		1,870		2,020
Net issuance and changes in long-term debt qualifying as tier 2 capital	10		10		(9)		(9)

Changes in adjusted allowance for credit losses	7		3		—		33

Changes in tier 2 capital	17		13		(9)		24
Tier 2 capital balance, end of period	1,878		2,057		1,861		2,044
Total capital:
Total capital balance, beginning of period	18,476		18,659		16,817		16,967
Changes in tier 1 capital	1,306		1,306		1,668		1,668
Changes in tier 2 capital	17		13		(9)		24
Total capital balance, end of period	$	19,799	$	19,978	$	18,476	$	18,659

(1) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes losses on cash flow hedges where the hedged exposures are not recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, which, under the Capital Rule, must be excluded from CET1 capital. This adjustment is captured in the Other Adjustments line.

State Street Corporation | 38

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents a roll-forward of the Basel III advanced and standardized approaches RWA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.


TABLE 35: ADVANCED & STANDARDIZED APPROACHES RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS ROLL-FORWARD

(In millions)	Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025		Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024		Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025		Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024
Total risk-weighted assets, beginning of period	$	114,602	$	107,453	$	126,281	$	111,703
Changes in credit risk-weighted assets:
Net increase (decrease) in investment securities-wholesale	317		(585)		101		(1,000)
Net increase (decrease) in loans and overdrafts	(208)		919		947		2,241
Net increase (decrease) in securitization exposures	271		628		256		592
Net increase (decrease) in repo-style transaction exposures	760		(558)		5,719		2,968
Net increase (decrease) in over-the-counter derivatives exposures(1)	(1,125)		2,595		(5,245)		10,778
Net increase (decrease) in all other(2)	(726)		(957)		1,829		(526)
Net increase (decrease) in credit risk-weighted assets	(711)		2,042		3,607		15,053
Net increase (decrease) in market risk-weighted assets	320		(475)		320		(475)
Net increase (decrease) in operational risk-weighted assets	63		5,582		NA		NA
Total risk-weighted assets, end of period	$	114,274	$	114,602	$	130,208	$	126,281

(1) Under the advanced approaches, includes CVA RWA.

(2) Includes assets not in a definable category, non-material portfolio, cleared transactions, other wholesale, cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks, and equity exposures.

NA Not applicable

As of March 31, 2025, total advanced approaches RWA decreased $0.33 billion compared to December 31, 2024, mainly due to a decrease in derivatives RWA driven by market movements, partially offset by an increase in repo-style transaction RWA driven by volumes.

As of March 31, 2025, total standardized approach RWA increased $3.93 billion compared to December 31, 2024, mainly reflecting higher repo-style transaction RWA driven by increased volumes and higher other RWA driven by cash and receivables, partially offset by lower derivatives RWA driven by market movements.

The regulatory capital ratios as of March 31, 2025, presented in Table 33: Regulatory Capital Structure and Related Regulatory Capital Ratios, are calculated under the advanced approaches and standardized approach in conformity with the Basel III final rule. The advanced approaches-based ratios reflect calculations and determinations with respect to our capital and related matters as of March 31, 2025, based on our internal and external data, quantitative formulae, statistical models, historical correlations and assumptions, collectively referred to as “advanced systems,” in effect and used by us for those purposes as of the time we first reported such ratios in a quarterly report on Form 10-Q or an annual report on Form 10-K. Significant components of these advanced systems involve the exercise of judgment by us and our regulators, and our advanced systems may not, individually or collectively, precisely represent or calculate the scenarios, circumstances, outputs or other results for which they are designed or intended.

Our advanced systems are subject to update and periodic revalidation in response to changes in our business activities and our historical experiences, forces and events experienced by the market broadly or by individual financial institutions, changes in regulations and regulatory interpretations and other factors, and are also subject to continuing regulatory review and approval. For example, a significant operational loss experienced by another financial institution, even if we do not experience a related loss, could result in a material change in the output of our advanced systems and a corresponding material change in our risk exposures, our total RWA and our capital ratios compared to prior periods. An operational loss that we experience could also result in a material change in our capital requirements for operational risk under the advanced approaches, depending on the severity of the loss event, its characterization among the seven Basel-defined UOM, and the stability of the distributional approach for a particular UOM, and without direct correlation to the effects of the loss event, or the timing of such effects, on our results of operations.

Due to the influence of changes in these advanced systems, whether resulting from changes in data inputs, regulation or regulatory supervision or interpretation, specific to us or market activities or experiences or other updates or factors, we expect that our advanced systems and our capital ratios calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule will change and may be volatile over time, and that those latter changes or volatility could be material as calculated and measured from period to period. The full effects of the Basel III final rule on us and State Street Bank are therefore subject to further evaluation and also to further regulatory guidance, action or rule-making.

State Street Corporation | 39

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Tier 1 and Supplementary Leverage Ratios

We are subject to a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio and SLR. The Tier 1 leverage ratio is based on Tier 1 capital and adjusted quarterly average on-balance sheet assets. The Tier 1 leverage ratio differs from the SLR primarily in that the denominator of the Tier 1 leverage ratio is a quarterly average of on-balance sheet assets, while the SLR additionally includes off-balance sheet exposures.

We must maintain a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. Our Tier 1 leverage increased to 5.5% as of March 31, 2025, compared to 5.2% as of December 31, 2024, mainly driven by higher capital, partially offset by higher balance sheet levels.

We are also subject to a minimum SLR of 3%, and as a U.S. G-SIB, we must maintain a 2% SLR buffer at the holding company and a 3% buffer at State Street Bank in order to avoid any limitations on distributions to shareholders and discretionary bonus payments to certain executives. If we do not maintain this buffer, limitations on these distributions and discretionary bonus payments would be increasingly stringent based upon the extent of the shortfall.


TABLE 36: TIER 1 AND SUPPLEMENTARY LEVERAGE RATIOS
(Dollars in millions)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
State Street:
Tier 1 capital	$	17,921		$	16,615
Average assets	337,291			327,181
Less: adjustments for deductions from tier 1 capital and other	(8,771)			(8,711)
Adjusted average assets for tier 1 leverage ratio	328,520			318,470
Additional SLR exposure	39,181			38,659
Adjustments for deductions of qualifying central bank deposits	(90,437)			(87,496)
Total assets for SLR	$	277,264		$	269,633
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)	5.5		%	5.2		%
Supplementary leverage ratio	6.5			6.2

State Street Bank(2):
Tier 1 capital	$	19,630		$	19,173
Average assets	333,158			323,086
Less: adjustments for deductions from tier 1 capital and other	(8,390)			(8,332)
Adjusted average assets for tier 1 leverage ratio	324,768			314,754
Additional SLR exposure	40,557			40,299
Adjustments for deductions of qualifying central bank deposits	(90,437)			(87,496)
Total assets for SLR	$	274,888		$	267,557
Tier 1 leverage ratio(1)	6.0		%	6.1		%
Supplementary leverage ratio	7.1			7.2

(1) Tier 1 leverage ratios were calculated in conformity with the Basel III final rule.

(2) The SLR rule requires that, as of January 1, 2018, (i) State Street Bank maintains an SLR of at least 6.0% to be well capitalized under the U.S. banking regulators’ Prompt Corrective Action Framework and (ii) we maintain an SLR of at least 5.0% to avoid limitations on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. In addition to the SLR, State Street Bank is subject to a well capitalized Tier 1 leverage ratio requirement of 5.0%.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (TLAC)

The Federal Reserve's final rule on TLAC, LTD and clean holding company requirements for U.S. domiciled G-SIBs, such as us, is intended to improve the resiliency and resolvability of certain U.S. banking organizations through enhanced prudential standards, and requires us, among other things, to comply with minimum requirements for external TLAC (combined eligible tier 1 regulatory capital and LTD) and LTD. Specifically, we must hold:


			Amount equal to:
External TLAC			Greater of: •21.5% of total RWA (18.0% minimum plus 2.5% plus a G-SIB surcharge calculated for these purposes under Method 1 of 1.0% plus any applicable countercyclical buffer, which is currently 0%); and •9.5% of total leverage exposure (7.5% minimum plus the SLR buffer of 2.0%), as defined by the SLR final rule.
Qualifying external LTD			Greater of: •7.0% of RWA (6.0% minimum plus a G-SIB surcharge calculated for these purposes under method 2 of 1.0%); and •4.5% of total leverage exposure, as defined by the SLR final rule.

The following table presents external TLAC and external LTD as of March 31, 2025:


TABLE 37: TOTAL LOSS-ABSORBING CAPACITY
	As of March 31, 2025
(Dollars in millions)	Actual				Requirement
Total loss-absorbing capacity:
Risk-weighted assets	$	39,274	30.2	%	$	27,995	21.5	%
Total leverage exposure	39,274		14.2		26,340		9.5
Long-term debt:
Risk-weighted assets	18,903		14.5		9,115		7.0
Total leverage exposure	18,903		6.8		12,477		4.5

State Street Corporation | 40

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Capital Actions

Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes selected terms of each of the series of the preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025:

TABLE 38: PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING

Preferred Stock(1):

Issuance Date

Depositary Shares Issued

Amount outstanding
(In millions)

Ownership Interest Per Depositary Share

Liquidation Preference Per Share

Liquidation Preference Per Depositary Share

Per Annum Dividend Rate

Dividend Payment Frequency

Carrying Value as of March 31, 2025
(In millions)

Redemption Date(2)

Series G

April 2016

20,000,000

500

1/4,000th

100,000

5.35%(3)

Quarterly: March, June, September and December

493

March 15, 2026

Series I

January 2024

1,500,000

1,500

1/100th

100,000

1,000

6.700% through March 14, 2029; resets March 15, 2029 and every subsequent five year anniversary at five- year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.613%

Quarterly: March, June, September and December

1,481

March 15, 2029

Series J

July 2024

850,000

850

1/100th

100,000

1,000

6.700% through September 14, 2029; resets September 15, 2029 and every subsequent five year anniversary at the five-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.628%

Quarterly: March, June, September and December

842

September 15, 2029

Series K

February 2025

750,000

750

1/100th

100,000

1,000

6.450% through September 14, 2030; resets September 15, 2030 and every subsequent five year anniversary at five- year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.135%

Quarterly: March, June, September and December

743

September 15, 2030

(1) The preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed at our option in whole, but not in part, prior to the redemption date upon the occurrence of a regulatory capital treatment event, as defined in the certificate of designation, at a redemption price equal to the liquidation price per share and liquidation price per depositary share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.

(2) On the redemption date, or any dividend payment date thereafter, the preferred stock and corresponding depositary shares may be redeemed by us, in whole or in part, at the liquidation price per share and liquidation price per depositary share plus any declared and unpaid dividends, without accumulation of any undeclared dividends.

(3) The dividend rate for the floating rate period of the Series G preferred stock that begins on March 15, 2026 and all subsequent floating rate periods will remain at the current fixed rate in accordance with the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) Act and the contractual terms of the Series G preferred stock.

On February 6, 2025, we issued 750,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of fixed rate reset, non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series K, without par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share), in a public offering. The aggregate proceeds, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other issuance costs, were approximately $743 million. Dividends on the Series K Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly at an initial rate of 6.450% per annum commencing on June 15, 2025, with the first dividend payable on a pro-rata basis.

Our preferred stock dividends, including the declaration, timing and amount thereof, are subject to consideration and approval by the Board at the relevant times.

The following table presents the dividends declared for each of the series of preferred stock issued and outstanding for the periods indicated:


TABLE 39: PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Dividends Declared per Share		Dividends Declared per Depositary Share		Total		Dividends Declared per Share		Dividends Declared per Depositary Share		Total
Preferred Stock:
Series D	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,475	$	0.37	$	11
Series F	—		—		—		2,336		23.36		6
Series G	1,338		0.33		7		1,338		0.33		7
Series H	—		—		—		2,069		20.69		10
Series I	1,675		16.75		25		—		—		—
Series J	1,675		16.75		14		—		—		—

Total					$	46					$	34

State Street Corporation | 41

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Common Stock

On January 19, 2024, we announced a common share repurchase program, approved by our Board and superseding all prior programs, authorizing the purchase of up to $5.0 billion of our common stock beginning in the first quarter of 2024 (the 2024 Program). This program has no set expiration date and is not expected to be executed in full during 2025. We repurchased $100 million of our common stock in the first quarter of 2025 under our 2024 share repurchase authorization. Since its inception, we repurchased an aggregate of $1.4 billion of our common stock under the 2024 program through March 31, 2025.

The table below presents the activity under our common share repurchase program for the periods indicated:


TABLE 40: SHARES REPURCHASED
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025					2024
	Shares Acquired (In millions)	Average Cost per Share		Total Acquired (In millions)		Shares Acquired (In millions)	Average Cost per Share		Total Acquired (In millions)

2024 Program	1.0	$	99.60	$	100	1.4	$	73.24	$	100

The table below presents the dividends declared on common stock for the periods indicated:


TABLE 41: COMMON STOCK DIVIDENDS
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025				2024
	Dividends Declared per Share		Total (In millions)		Dividends Declared per Share		Total (In millions)

Common Stock	$	0.76	$	220	$	0.69	$	208

Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by subsidiary banks to the parent holding company. In addition, banking regulators have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends. For information concerning limitations on dividends from our subsidiary banks, refer to pages 55 to 57 in "Related Stockholder Matters" included under Item 5, Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities, and pages 161 to 163 in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K. Our common stock and preferred stock dividends, including the declaration, timing and amount thereof, are subject to consideration and approval by the Board at the relevant times.

Stock purchases under our common share repurchase program may be made using various types of transactions, including open market purchases, accelerated share repurchases or other transactions off the market, and may be made under Rule 10b5-1 trading programs. The timing and amount of any stock purchases and the type of transaction may not be ratable over the duration of the program, may vary from reporting period to reporting period and will depend on several factors, including our capital position and our financial performance, investment opportunities, market conditions, the nature and timing of implementation of revisions to the Basel III framework and the amount of common stock issued as part of employee compensation programs. The common share repurchase program does not have specific price targets and may be suspended at any time.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

On behalf of clients enrolled in our securities lending program, we lend securities to banks, broker/dealers and other institutions. In most circumstances, we indemnify our clients for the fair market value of those securities against a failure of the borrower to return such securities. Though these transactions are collateralized, the substantial volume of these activities necessitates detailed credit-based underwriting and monitoring processes. The aggregate amount of indemnified securities on loan totaled $358.07 billion and $310.81 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We require the borrower to provide collateral in an amount in excess of 100% of the fair market value of the securities borrowed. We hold the collateral received in connection with these securities lending services as agent, and the collateral is not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. We revalue the securities on loan and the collateral daily to determine if additional collateral is necessary or if excess collateral is required to be returned to the borrower. We held, as agent, cash and securities totaling $375.40 billion and $325.61 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

State Street Corporation | 42

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The cash collateral held by us as agent is invested on behalf of our clients. In certain cases, the cash collateral is invested in third-party repurchase agreements, for which we indemnify the client against loss of the principal invested. We require the counterparty to the indemnified repurchase agreement to provide collateral in an amount in excess of 100% of the amount of the repurchase agreement. In our role as agent, the indemnified repurchase agreements and the related collateral held by us are not recorded in our consolidated statement of condition. Of the collateral of $375.40 billion and $325.61 billion, referenced above, $64.79 billion and $63.66 billion was invested in indemnified repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We or our agents held $69.79 billion and $68.51 billion as collateral for indemnified investments in repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Additional information about our securities finance activities and other off-balance sheet arrangements is provided in Notes 7, 9 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

Information with respect to recent accounting developments is provided in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

State Street Corporation | 43

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information provided under “Market Risk Management” in "Financial Condition" in our Management's Discussion and Analysis in this Form 10-Q, is incorporated by reference herein.

For more information on our market risk refer to pages 99 to 106 included under Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We have established and maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information related to us and our subsidiaries on a consolidated basis required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, our management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.

We have established and maintain internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In the ordinary course of business, we routinely enhance our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting by either upgrading our current systems or implementing new systems. Changes have been made and may be made to our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting as a result of these efforts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, no change occurred in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

State Street Corporation | 44

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2025		2024
Fee revenue:


Servicing fees	$	1,275	$	1,228
Management fees	562		510
Foreign exchange trading services	362		331
Securities finance	114		96


Software and processing fees	225		207
Other fee revenue	32		50
Total fee revenue	2,570		2,422
Net interest income:
Interest income	2,922		2,889
Interest expense	2,208		2,173
Net interest income	714		716







Total revenue	3,284		3,138
Provision for credit losses	12		27
Expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits	1,262		1,252
Information systems and communications	497		432
Transaction processing services	258		248
Occupancy	103		103

Amortization of other intangible assets	54		60
Other	276		418
Total expenses	2,450		2,513
Income before income tax expense	822		598
Income tax expense	178		135

Net income	$	644	$	463
Net income available to common shareholders	$	597	$	418
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	2.07	$	1.38
Diluted	2.04		1.37
Average common shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	288,562		301,991
Diluted	292,716		305,943
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.76	$	0.69

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 45

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Net income	$	644	$	463
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes:
Foreign currency translation, net of related taxes of ($78) and $53, respectively	164		(107)

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustment and net of related taxes of $41 and $70, respectively	111		198

Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of related taxes of $10 and ($41), respectively	30		(113)
Net unrealized gains on retirement plans, net of related taxes of $2 and $3, respectively	3		7
Other comprehensive income	308		(15)
Total comprehensive income	$	952	$	448

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 46

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CONDITION


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	(UNAUDITED)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,658	$	3,145
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	119,464		112,957
Securities purchased under resale agreements	7,971		6,679
Trading account assets	743		768
Investment securities available-for-sale	67,444		58,895

Investment securities held-to-maturity (less allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0) (fair value of $40,424 and $41,906)	45,505		47,727
Loans (less allowance for credit losses on loans of $176 and $174)	44,509		43,026
Premises and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $6,635 and $6,461)	2,784		2,715
Accrued interest and fees receivable	4,280		4,034

Goodwill	7,763		7,691
Other intangible assets	1,046		1,089
Other assets	66,526		64,514
Total assets	$	372,693	$	353,240
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	$	32,265	$	33,180
Interest-bearing - U.S.	168,362		166,483
Interest-bearing - non-U.S.	71,429		62,257
Total deposits	272,056		261,920
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	3,524		3,681

Other short-term borrowings	11,849		9,840
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	33,726		29,201
Long-term debt	24,846		23,272
Total liabilities	346,001		327,914
Commitments, guarantees and contingencies (Notes 9 and 10)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par, 3,500,000 shares authorized:




Series G, 5,000 shares issued and outstanding	493		493

Series I, 15,000 shares issued and outstanding	1,481		1,481
Series J, 8,500 shares issued and outstanding	842		842
Series K, 7,500 shares issued and outstanding	743		—
Common stock, $1 par, 750,000,000 shares authorized:
503,879,642 and 503,879,642 shares issued, and 288,676,229 and 288,766,452 shares outstanding	504		504
Surplus	10,693		10,722
Retained earnings	29,959		29,582
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,792)		(2,100)
Treasury stock, at cost (215,203,413 and 215,113,190 shares)	(16,231)		(16,198)
Total shareholders’ equity	26,692		25,326


Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	372,693	$	353,240

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 47

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Surplus		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Total
			Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount


































































































Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,976	503,880	$	504	$	10,741	$	27,957	$	(2,354)	201,936	$	(15,025)	$	23,799
Net income								463							463
Other comprehensive income (loss)										(15)					(15)
Preferred stock issued	1,481														1,481
Preferred stock redeemed	(989)							(11)							(1,000)
Cash dividends declared:
Common stock - $0.69 per share								(208)							(208)
Preferred stock								(34)							(34)
Common stock acquired												1,365	(100)		(100)
Common stock awards exercised						(17)						(926)	66		49
Other								(1)					(1)		(2)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	2,468	503,880	$	504	$	10,724	$	28,166	$	(2,369)	202,375	$	(15,060)	$	24,433























Balance at December 31, 2024	$	2,816	503,880	$	504	$	10,722	$	29,582	$	(2,100)	215,113	$	(16,198)	$	25,326
Net income								644							644
Other comprehensive income (loss)										308					308
Preferred stock issued	743														743

Cash dividends declared:
Common stock - $0.76 per share								(220)							(220)
Preferred stock								(46)							(46)
Common stock acquired												1,004	(100)		(100)
Common stock awards exercised						(29)						(905)	66		37
Other								(1)				(9)	1		—
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	3,559	503,880	$	504	$	10,693	$	29,959	$	(1,792)	215,203	$	(16,231)	$	26,692

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 48

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	644	$	463
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax	18		8
Amortization of other intangible assets	54		60
Other non-cash adjustments for depreciation, amortization and accretion, net	34		121

Provision for credit losses	12		27
Change in trading account assets, net	25		13
Change in accrued interest and fees receivable, net	(247)		(206)
Change in collateral deposits, net	(1,697)		(575)
Change in unrealized losses (gains) on foreign exchange derivatives, net	4,613		(4,251)
Change in other assets, net	(1,761)		1,176

Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities, net	545		2,219

Other, net	156		101
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,396		(844)
Investing Activities:
Net increase in interest-bearing deposits with banks	(6,507)		(37,821)
Net increase in securities purchased under resale agreements	(1,291)		(797)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	2,047		943
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	8,832		4,484
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(18,449)		(9,857)




Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities	2,333		4,144
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	—		(3)
Sale of loans	85		53
Net increase in loans	(1,281)		(2,248)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(12)

Purchases of equity investments and other long-term assets	(47)		(31)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(226)		(230)

Other, net	(103)		23
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(14,607)		(41,352)
Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits	2,663		(2,127)
Net increase in all other deposits	7,469		33,044
Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements	(157)		1,709


Net increase in other short-term borrowings	2,010		7,881
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs	2,737		996
Payments for long-term debt and obligations under finance leases	(1,312)		(12)
Payments for redemption of preferred stock	—		(1,000)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs	743		1,481

Repurchases of common stock	(100)		(119)

Repurchases of common stock for employee tax withholding	(57)		(42)
Payments for cash dividends	(266)		(243)
Other, net	(6)		(6)
Net cash provided by financing activities	13,724		41,562
Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks	1,513		(634)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period	3,145		4,047
Cash and due from banks at end of period	$	4,658	$	3,413

Supplemental disclosure:
Interest paid	$	2,074	$	1,989
Income taxes paid, net	186		118

The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 49

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and financial reporting policies of State Street Corporation conform to U.S. GAAP. State Street Corporation, the Parent Company, is a financial holding company headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in these notes to consolidated financial statements to “State Street,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean State Street Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, including our principal banking subsidiary, State Street Bank.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial and risk factor information included in our 2024 Form 10-K, which we previously filed with the SEC.

The consolidated financial statements accompanying these condensed notes are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results of operations in these financial statements, have been made. Certain previously reported amounts presented in this Form 10-Q have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Events occurring subsequent to the date of our consolidated statement of condition were evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements through the date we filed this Form 10-Q with the SEC.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in the application of certain of our significant accounting policies that may materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses. As a result of unanticipated events or circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Our consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 2024 included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all notes required by U.S. GAAP for a complete set of consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Sanctions programs or government intervention may inhibit our ability to access cash and due from banks in certain accounts. For example, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we held accounts in Russia that were subject to sanctions restrictions, inclusive of $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, with our subcustodian, which is an affiliate of a large multinational bank, and with western European-based clearing agencies, for a total of approximately $1.9 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. Cash and due from banks is evaluated as part of our allowance for credit losses.

Recent Accounting Developments

Relevant standards that were recently issued but not yet adopted as of March 31, 2025:



Standard	Description	Effective Date	Effects on the financial statements or other significant matters
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures	The amendments require disclosure of information about certain costs and expenses in both interim and annual reporting periods. Specified information includes expense amounts relating to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and selling expenses with the definition thereof.	Annual reporting for period ending December 31, 2027 and for interim reporting in 2028	We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of the new standard.
ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	The amendments related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures and require disclosures of (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Additional amendments require (1) disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) to be consistent with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission regulations, and (2) remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant.	Annual reporting for period ending December 31, 2025	We do not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Additionally, we continue to evaluate other accounting standards that were recently issued, but not yet adopted as of March 31, 2025; none are expected to have a material impact to our financial statements.

Note 2. Fair Value

Fair Value Measurements

We carry trading account assets and liabilities, AFS debt securities, certain equity securities and various types of derivative financial instruments, at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis. Changes in the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are recorded either as components of our

State Street Corporation | 50

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

consolidated statement of income or as components of AOCI within shareholders' equity in our consolidated statement of condition.

We measure fair value for the above-described financial assets and liabilities in conformity with U.S. GAAP that governs the measurement of the fair value of financial instruments. Management believes that its valuation techniques and underlying assumptions used to measure fair value conform to the provisions of U.S. GAAP. We categorize the financial assets and liabilities that we carry at fair value based on a prescribed three-level valuation hierarchy. For information about our valuation techniques for financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, refer to pages 130 to 135 in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following tables present information with respect to our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:


	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
	As of March 31, 2025
(In millions)	Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)		Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)		Impact of Netting(1)		Total Net Carrying Value in Consolidated Statement of Condition
Assets:
Trading account assets:
U.S. government securities	$	34	$	—	$	—			$	34
Non-U.S. government securities	—		122		—				122
Other	—		587		—				587

Total trading account assets	$	34	$	709	$	—			$	743
Available-for-sale investment securities:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	27,380		—		—				$	27,380
Mortgage-backed securities	—		12,749		—				12,749
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	27,380		12,749		—				40,129
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	—		2,471		—				2,471
Asset-backed securities	—		1,996		—				1,996
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	—		16,059		—				16,059
Other	—		3,129		—				3,129
Total non-U.S. debt securities	—		23,655		—				23,655
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	—		87		—				87



Collateralized loan obligations	—		3,393		—				3,393
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS(2)	—		4		—				4
Other	—		91		—				91
Total asset-backed securities	—		3,575		—				3,575






State and political subdivisions	—		56		—				56

Other U.S. debt securities	—		29		—				29
Total available-for-sale investment securities	$	27,380	$	40,064	$	—			$	67,444
Other assets:
Derivative instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	18,411	$	2	$	(11,153)	$	7,260
Interest rate contracts	—		32		—		(32)		—

Total derivative instruments	—		18,443		2		(11,185)		7,260


Other	19		785		—		—		804
Total assets carried at fair value	$	27,433	$	60,001	$	2	$	(11,185)	$	76,251
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:




Derivative instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	8		18,490		—		(11,421)		$	7,077
Interest rate contracts	21		—		—		—		21
Other derivative contracts	—		205		—		—		205
Total derivative instruments	29		18,695		—		(11,421)		7,303

Total liabilities carried at fair value	$	29	$	18,695	$	—	$	(11,421)	$	7,303

(1) Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between us and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $1.68 billion and $1.92 billion, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.

(2) Consists entirely of non-agency CMBS.

State Street Corporation | 51

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
	As of December 31, 2024
(In millions)	Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)		Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)		Impact of Netting(1)		Total Net Carrying Value in Consolidated Statement of Condition
Assets:
Trading account assets:
U.S. government securities	$	34	$	—	$	—			$	34
Non-U.S. government securities	—		121		—				121
Other	—		613		—				613
Total trading account assets	$	34	$	734	$	—			$	768
Available-for-sale investment securities:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	23,525	$	—	$	—			$	23,525
Mortgage-backed securities	—		10,566		—				10,566
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	23,525		10,566		—				34,091
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	—		2,430		—				2,430
Asset-backed securities	—		1,868		—				1,868
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	—		13,939		—				13,939
Other	—		2,821		—				2,821
Total non-U.S. debt securities	—		21,058		—				21,058
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	—		90		—				90


Collateralized loan obligations	—		3,453		—				3,453
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS(2)	—		4		—				4
Other	—		91		—				91
Total asset-backed securities	—		3,638		—				3,638






State and political subdivisions	—		56		—				56

Other U.S. debt securities	—		52		—				52




Total available-for-sale investment securities	$	23,525	$	35,370	$	—			$	58,895
Other assets:
Derivative instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	16	$	29,422	$	1	$	(18,262)	$	11,177
Interest rate contracts	5		23		—		(23)		5
Other derivative contracts	1		—		—		—		1
Total derivative instruments	22		29,445		1		(18,285)		11,183
Other	20		747		—		—		767
Total assets carried at fair value	$	23,601	$	66,296	$	1	$	(18,285)	$	71,613
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities:
Trading account liabilities:



Derivative instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	28,904	$	—	$	(22,527)	$	6,377
Interest rate contracts	—		1		—		(1)		—
Other derivative contracts	—		219		—		—		219
Total derivative instruments	—		29,124		—		(22,528)		6,596

Total liabilities carried at fair value	$	—	$	29,124	$	—	$	(22,528)	$	6,596

(1) Represents counterparty netting against level 2 financial assets and liabilities where a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between us and the counterparty. Netting also reflects asset and liability reductions of $1.86 billion and $6.10 billion, respectively, for cash collateral received from and provided to derivative counterparties.

(2) Consists entirely of non-agency CMBS.

State Street Corporation | 52

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Fair Value Estimates

Estimates of fair value for financial instruments not carried at fair value in our consolidated statement of condition are generally subjective in nature, and are determined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information.

The following tables present the reported amounts and estimated fair values of the financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value, as they would be categorized within the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:


					Fair Value Hierarchy
(In millions)	Reported Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)		Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
March 31, 2025
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,658	$	4,658	$	4,658	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	119,464		119,464		—		119,464		—
Securities purchased under resale agreements	7,971		7,971		—		7,971		—

Investment securities held-to-maturity	45,505		40,424		4,376		36,048		—
Net loans(1)	44,509		44,315		—		42,564		1,751
Other(2)	9,742		9,742		—		9,742		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	$	32,265	$	32,265	$	—	$	32,265	$	—
Interest-bearing - U.S.	168,362		168,362		—		168,362		—
Interest-bearing - non-U.S.	71,429		71,429		—		71,429		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	3,524		3,524		—		3,524		—

Other short-term borrowings	11,849		11,849		—		11,849		—

Long-term debt	24,846		24,614		—		24,510		104
Other(2)	9,742		9,742		—		9,742		—

(1) Includes $20 million of loans classified as held-for-sale that were measured at fair value in level 2 as of March 31, 2025.

(2) Represents a portion of underlying client assets related to our prime services business, which clients have allowed us to transfer and re-pledge.


					Fair Value Hierarchy
(In millions)	Reported Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Pricing Methods with Significant Observable Market Inputs (Level 2)		Pricing Methods with Significant Unobservable Market Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2024
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	3,145	$	3,145	$	3,145	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	112,957		112,957		—		112,957		—
Securities purchased under resale agreements	6,679		6,679		—		6,679		—

Investment securities held-to-maturity	47,727		41,906		5,354		36,552		—
Net loans(1)	43,026		42,839		—		41,097		1,742
Other(2)	6,752		6,752		—		6,752		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	$	33,180	$	33,180	$	—	$	33,180	$	—
Interest-bearing - U.S.	166,483		166,483		—		166,483		—
Interest-bearing - non-U.S.	62,257		62,257		—		62,257		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	3,681		3,681		—		3,681		—

Other short-term borrowings	9,840		9,840		—		9,840		—
Long-term debt	23,272		23,078		—		22,882		196
Other(2)	6,752		6,752		—		6,752		—

(1) Includes $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale that were measured at fair value in level 2 as of December 31, 2024.

(2) Represents a portion of underlying client assets related to our prime services business, which clients have allowed us to transfer and re-pledge.

Note 3. Investment Securities

Investment securities held by us are classified as either trading account assets, AFS, HTM or equity securities held at fair value at the time of purchase and reassessed periodically, based on management’s intent. For additional

State Street Corporation | 53

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

information on our accounting for investment securities, refer to page 136 in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Trading assets are carried at fair value. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading assets are recorded in other fee revenue in our consolidated statement of income. AFS securities are carried at fair value, with any allowance for credit losses recorded through the consolidated statement of income and after-tax net unrealized gains and losses are recorded in AOCI. Gains or losses realized on sales of AFS investment securities are computed using the specific identification method and are recorded in gains (losses) from sales of available-for-sale securities, net, in our consolidated statement of income. HTM investment securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, with any allowance for credit losses recorded through the consolidated statement of income.

The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value and associated unrealized gains and losses of AFS and HTM investment securities as of the dates indicated:


	As of March 31, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
(In millions)			Gains		Losses						Gains		Losses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	27,384	$	33	$	37	$	27,380	$	23,539	$	38	$	52	$	23,525
Mortgage-backed securities(1)	12,837		36		124		12,749		10,699		21		154		10,566
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	40,221		69		161		40,129		34,238		59		206		34,091
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	2,466		6		1		2,471		2,426		5		1		2,430
Asset-backed securities(2)	1,991		6		1		1,996		1,865		5		2		1,868
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	16,027		72		40		16,059		13,954		54		69		13,939
Other(3)	3,089		43		3		3,129		2,787		38		4		2,821
Total non-U.S. debt securities	23,573		127		45		23,655		21,032		102		76		21,058
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans(4)	86		1		—		87		89		1		—		90


Collateralized loan obligations(5)	3,393		2		2		3,393		3,447		6		—		3,453
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS(6)	—		4		—		4		1		3		—		4
Other	90		1		—		91		90		1		—		91
Total asset-backed securities	3,569		8		2		3,575		3,627		11		—		3,638






State and political subdivisions	56		—		—		56		56		—		—		56

Other U.S. debt securities(7)	30		—		1		29		53		—		1		52




Total available-for-sale securities(8)(9)	$	67,449	$	204	$	209	$	67,444	$	59,006	$	172	$	283	$	58,895
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	4,418	$	—	$	34	$	4,384	$	5,417	$	—	$	55	$	5,362
Mortgage-backed securities(10)	35,355		7		4,980		30,382		36,101		2		5,677		30,426
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	39,773		7		5,014		34,766		41,518		2		5,732		35,788
Non-U.S. debt securities:


Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	3,261		6		59		3,208		3,673		7		73		3,607

Total non-U.S. debt securities	3,261		6		59		3,208		3,673		7		73		3,607
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans(4)	2,471		5		26		2,450		2,536		4		29		2,511




Total asset-backed securities	2,471		5		26		2,450		2,536		4		29		2,511










Total held-to-maturity securities(8)(11)	$	45,505	$	18	$	5,099	$	40,424	$	47,727	$	13	$	5,834	$	41,906

(2) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value includes non-U.S. collateralized loan obligations of $0.66 billion and $0.70 billion, respectively.

(3) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value includes non-U.S. corporate bonds of $2.50 billion and $2.54 billion, respectively.

(4) Primarily comprised of securities guaranteed by the federal government with respect to at least 97% of defaulted principal and accrued interest on the underlying loans.

(5) Excludes collateralized loan obligations in loan form. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

(6) Consists entirely of non-agency RMBS as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(7) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of U.S. corporate bonds was $0.03 billion and $0.05 billion, respectively.

(8) An immaterial amount of accrued interest related to HTM and AFS investment securities was excluded from the amortized cost basis for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(9) As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no allowance for credit losses on AFS investment securities.

(10) As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total amortized cost included $5.16 billion and $5.18 billion of agency CMBS, respectively.

(11) As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no allowance for credit losses on HTM investment securities.

State Street Corporation | 54

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Aggregate investment securities with carrying values of approximately $88.50 billion and $86.70 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were designated as pledged for public and trust deposits, short-term borrowings and for other purposes as provided by law.

In the three months ended March 31, 2025, proceeds from sales of AFS securities were approximately $2.05 billion, primarily from sales of U.S. Treasury, non-U.S. agency and foreign government securities. We recognized a pre-tax gain of nil from these sales in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The following tables present the aggregate fair values of AFS investment securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2025
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(In millions)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	13,774	$	14	$	2,455	$	23	$	16,229	$	37
Mortgage-backed securities	3,277		41		4,277		83		7,554		124
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	17,051		55		6,732		106		23,783		161
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	380		1		141		—		521		1
Asset-backed securities	242		—		406		1		648		1
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	4,550		27		2,527		13		7,077		40
Other	550		1		96		2		646		3
Total non-U.S. debt securities	5,722		29		3,170		16		8,892		45
Asset-backed securities:

Collateralized loan obligations	1,936		2		—		—		1,936		2


Total asset-backed securities	1,936		2		—		—		1,936		2






State and political subdivisions	30		—		1		—		31		—

Other U.S. debt securities	3		—		26		1		29		1


Total	$	24,742	$	86	$	9,929	$	123	$	34,671	$	209


	December 31, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(In millions)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	8,113	$	25	$	2,435	$	27	$	10,548	$	52
Mortgage-backed securities	3,742		59		4,360		95		8,102		154
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	11,855		84		6,795		122		18,650		206






Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	730		1		225		—		955		1
Asset-backed securities	387		—		506		2		893		2
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	4,695		49		2,695		20		7,390		69
Other	312		2		116		2		428		4
Total non-U.S. debt securities	6,124		52		3,542		24		9,666		76
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	12		—		—		—		12		—
Collateralized loan obligations	684		—		—		—		684		—


Total asset-backed securities	696		—		—		—		696		—
State and political subdivisions	—		—		26		—		26		—

Other U.S. debt securities	3		—		49		1		52		1

Total	$	18,678	$	136	$	10,412	$	147	$	29,090	$	283

State Street Corporation | 55

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the amortized cost and the fair value of contractual maturities of debt investment securities as of March 31, 2025. The maturities of certain ABS, MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are based on expected principal payments. Actual maturities may differ from these expected maturities since certain borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.


	March 31, 2025
(In millions)	Under 1 Year				1 to 5 Years				6 to 10 Years				Over 10 Years				Total
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	11,077	$	11,072	$	16,060	$	16,064	$	247	$	244	$	—	$	—	$	27,384	$	27,380
Mortgage-backed securities	122		122		1,735		1,732		2,422		2,402		8,558		8,493		12,837		12,749
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	11,199		11,194		17,795		17,796		2,669		2,646		8,558		8,493		40,221		40,129
Non-U.S. debt securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	97		97		458		459		35		35		1,876		1,880		2,466		2,471
Asset-backed securities	243		243		365		365		1,109		1,112		274		276		1,991		1,996
Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	3,413		3,411		11,475		11,513		1,139		1,135		—		—		16,027		16,059
Other	408		409		2,600		2,637		81		83		—		—		3,089		3,129
Total non-U.S. debt securities	4,161		4,160		14,898		14,974		2,364		2,365		2,150		2,156		23,573		23,655
Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	23		24		—		—		11		11		52		52		86		87
Collateralized loan obligations	24		24		33		33		1,956		1,955		1,380		1,381		3,393		3,393
Non-agency CMBS and RMBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4		—		4
Other	—		—		90		91		—		—		—		—		90		91
Total asset-backed securities	47		48		123		124		1,967		1,966		1,432		1,437		3,569		3,575






State and political subdivisions	30		30		26		26		—		—		—		—		56		56

Other U.S. debt securities	8		8		22		21		—		—		—		—		30		29
Total	$	15,445	$	15,440	$	32,864	$	32,941	$	7,000	$	6,977	$	12,140	$	12,086	$	67,449	$	67,444
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies:
Direct obligations	$	4,046	$	4,020	$	363	$	355	$	1	$	1	$	8	$	8	$	4,418	$	4,384
Mortgage-backed securities	148		136		2,352		2,148		2,607		2,241		30,248		25,857		35,355		30,382
Total U.S. Treasury and federal agencies	4,194		4,156		2,715		2,503		2,608		2,242		30,256		25,865		39,773		34,766








Non-U.S. debt securities:


Non-U.S. sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency	1,286		1,276		1,759		1,725		216		207		—		—		3,261		3,208

Total non-U.S. debt securities	1,286		1,276		1,759		1,725		216		207		—		—		3,261		3,208


Asset-backed securities:
Student loans	144		141		412		412		263		262		1,652		1,635		2,471		2,450


Total asset-backed securities	144		141		412		412		263		262		1,652		1,635		2,471		2,450
Total	$	5,624	$	5,573	$	4,886	$	4,640	$	3,087	$	2,711	$	31,908	$	27,500	$	45,505	$	40,424

Interest income related to debt securities is recognized in our consolidated statement of income using the effective interest method, or on a basis approximating a level rate of return over the contractual or estimated life of the security. The level rate of return considers any non-refundable fees or costs, as well as purchase premiums or discounts, adjusted as prepayments occur, resulting in amortization or accretion, accordingly.

State Street Corporation | 56

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Allowance for Credit Losses on Debt Securities and Impairment of AFS Securities

We conduct quarterly reviews of HTM and AFS securities on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist to determine whether an allowance for credit losses should be recognized. We review individual AFS securities periodically to assess if additional impairment is required. For additional information about the Current Expected Credit Loss methodology and the review of investment securities for expected credit losses or impairment, refer to pages 140 to 141 in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

We monitor the credit quality of the HTM and AFS investment securities using a variety of methods, including both external and internal credit ratings. As of March 31, 2025, over 99% of our HTM and AFS investment portfolio is publicly rated investment grade.

As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no allowance for credit losses on HTM and AFS investment securities. In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded no provision for credit losses and no charge-offs on HTM and AFS investment securities.

We have elected to not record an allowance on accrued interest for HTM and AFS securities. Accrued interest on these securities is reversed against interest income when payment on a security is delinquent for greater than 90 days from the date of payment.

After a review of the investment portfolio, taking into consideration then-current economic conditions, adverse situations that might affect our ability to fully collect principal and interest, the timing of future payments, the credit quality and performance of the collateral underlying MBS and ABS and other relevant factors, management considered the aggregate decline in fair value of the investment securities portfolio and the resulting gross pre-tax unrealized losses of $5.31 billion related to 1,535 securities as of March 31, 2025 to be primarily related to changes in interest rates, and not the result of any material changes in the credit characteristics of the securities. The unrealized loss has not been recognized as of March 31, 2025, as management did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that we would be required to sell these securities before the expected recovery of their amortized cost basis.

Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

We segregate our loans into two segments: commercial and financial loans and commercial real estate loans. We further classify commercial and

financial loans as fund finance loans, leveraged loans, collateralized loan obligations in loan form, overdrafts and other loans. These classifications reflect their risk characteristics, their initial measurement attributes and the methods we use to monitor and assess credit risk. For additional information on our loans, including our internal risk-rating system used to assess our risk of credit loss for each loan, refer to pages 141 to 146 in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following table presents our recorded investment in loans, by segment, as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Domestic(1):
Commercial and financial:
Fund finance(2)	$	16,413	$	16,347
Leveraged loans	2,795		2,742
Overdrafts	1,596		1,208
Collateralized loan obligations in loan form	95		50
Other(3)	2,691		3,220
Commercial real estate	2,696		2,842

Total domestic	$	26,286	$	26,409
Foreign(1):
Commercial and financial:
Fund finance(2)	$	6,736	$	6,601
Leveraged loans	1,069		1,082
Overdrafts	1,424		772
Collateralized loan obligations in loan form	9,170		8,336






Total foreign	18,399		16,791
Total loans(4)	44,685		43,200
Allowance for credit losses	(176)		(174)
Loans, net of allowance	$	44,509	$	43,026

(1) Domestic and foreign categorization is based on the borrower’s country of domicile.

The commercial and financial segment is composed of primarily fund finance loans, purchased leveraged loans, purchased collateralized loan obligations in loan form, overdrafts and other loans. Fund finance loans are composed of revolving credit lines providing liquidity and leverage to mutual fund and private equity fund clients. These classifications

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reflect their risk characteristics, their initial measurement attributes and the methods we use to monitor and assess credit risk.

Certain loans are pledged as collateral for access to the Federal Reserve's discount window. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the loans pledged as collateral totaled $14.40 billion and $13.90 billion, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025, we had three loans totaling $227 million on non-accrual status, of which one loan totaling $101 million was more than 90 days contractually past due. As of December 31, 2024, we had two loans totaling $191 million, on non-accrual status, of which one loan totaling $101 million was more than 90 days contractually past due.

In the first quarter of 2025, we purchased $1.76 billion of collateralized loan obligations in loan form, which were all investment grade.

We sold $100 million of leveraged loans in first quarter of 2025, of which $20 million remained unsettled and was held-for-sale and carried at the lower of cost or market as of March 31, 2025. We recorded a charge-off against the allowance for these loans of $9 million in the first quarter of 2025.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We recognize an allowance for credit losses in accordance with ASC 326 for financial assets held at amortized cost and off-balance sheet commitments. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed on a regular basis, and any provision for credit losses is recorded to reflect the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for expected credit losses at a level which represents what management does not expect to recover due to expected credit losses. For additional discussion on the allowance for credit losses for investment securities, please refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

When the allowance is recorded, a provision for credit loss expense is recognized in net income. The allowance for credit losses for financial assets (excluding investment securities, as discussed in Note 3) represents the portion of the amortized cost basis, including accrued interest for financial assets held at amortized cost, which management does not expect to recover due to expected credit losses and is presented on the statement of condition as an offset to the amortized cost basis. The accrued interest balance is presented separately on the statement of condition within accrued interest and fees receivable. The allowance for off-balance sheet commitments is presented within other liabilities. Loans are charged off to the allowance for credit losses in the reporting period in which either an event occurs that confirms the existence of a loss on a loan, including a sale of a

loan below its carrying value, or a portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible.

The allowance for credit losses may be determined using various methods, including discounted cash flow methods, loss-rate methods, probability-of-default methods, and other quantitative or qualitative methods as determined by us. The method used to estimate expected credit losses may vary depending on the type of financial asset, our ability to predict the timing of cash flows, and the information available to us.

The allowance for credit losses as reported in our consolidated statement of condition is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of principal amounts, net of recoveries.

We measure expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Each reporting period, we assess whether the assets in the pool continue to display similar risk characteristics.

For a financial asset that does not share risk characteristics with other assets, expected credit losses are measured separately using one or more of the methods noted above. As of March 31, 2025, we had four loans totaling $49 million in the commercial and financial segment and five loans totaling $401 million in the commercial real estate segment that no longer met the similar risk characteristics of their collective pool. As of March 31, 2025, $100 million of our allowance for credit losses was related to these loans.

When the asset is collateral-dependent, which means when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses are determined based on the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for the estimated costs to sell.

Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, factors and forecasts then prevailing may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in those future periods.

We estimate credit losses over the contractual life of the financial asset, while factoring in prepayment activity, where supported by data, over a three year reasonable and supportable forecast period. We utilize a baseline, upside and downside scenario which are applied based on a probability weighting, in order to better reflect management’s expectation of expected credit losses given existing market conditions and the changes in the economic environment. The multiple scenarios are based on a

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(UNAUDITED)

three-year horizon (or less depending on contractual maturity) and then revert linearly over a two-year period to a ten-year historical average thereafter. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications, but includes prepayment assumptions where applicable.

As part of our allowance methodology, we establish qualitative reserves to address any risks inherent in our portfolio that are not addressed through our quantitative reserve assessment. These factors may relate to, among other things, legislation changes or new regulation, credit concentration, loan markets, scenario weighting and overall model limitations. The qualitative adjustments are applied to our portfolio of financial instruments under the existing governance structure and are inherently judgmental.

For additional information on the allowance for credit losses, refer to pages 141 to 146 in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Credit Quality

Credit quality for financial assets held at amortized cost is continuously monitored by management and is reflected within the allowance for credit losses.

We use an internal risk-rating system to assess our risk of credit loss for each loan. This risk-rating process incorporates the use of risk-rating tools in conjunction with management judgment. Qualitative and quantitative inputs are captured in a systematic manner, and following a formal review and approval process, an internal credit rating based on our credit scale is assigned.

When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using models that categorize asset pools based on loss history, delinquency status and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall asset portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and credit loss expense in those future periods.

Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes in order to enable timely detection of any concerns with the customer’s credit rating. The results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and transactions with

counterparties and in our process for estimation of expected credit losses.

In assessing the risk rating assigned to each individual loan, among the factors considered are the borrower's debt capacity, collateral coverage, payment history and delinquency experience, financial flexibility and earnings strength, the expected amounts and source of repayment, the level and nature of contingencies, if any, and the industry and geography in which the borrower operates. These factors are based on an evaluation of historical and current information, and involve subjective assessment and interpretation. Credit counterparties are evaluated and risk-rated on an individual basis at least annually. Management considers the ratings to be current as of March 31, 2025.

Our internal risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings to counterparties ranging from Investment Grade, Speculative, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss.

•Investment Grade: Counterparties with strong credit quality and low expected credit risk and probability of default. Approximately 87% of our loans were rated as investment grade as of March 31, 2025 with external credit ratings, or equivalent, of "BBB-" or better.

•Speculative: Counterparties that have the ability to repay but face significant uncertainties, such as adverse business or financial circumstances that could affect credit risk or economic downturns. Loans to counterparties rated as speculative account for approximately 11% of our loans as of March 31, 2025, and are concentrated in leveraged loans. Approximately 91% of those leveraged loans have an external credit rating, or equivalent, of "BB" or "B" as of March 31, 2025.

•Special Mention: Counterparties with potential weaknesses that, if uncorrected, may result in deterioration of repayment prospects.

•Substandard: Counterparties with well-defined weakness that jeopardizes repayment with the possibility we will sustain some loss.

•Doubtful: Counterparties with well-defined weakness which make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss: Counterparties which are uncollectible or have little value.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present our recorded loans to counterparties by risk rating, as noted above, as of the dates indicated:


March 31, 2025	Commercial and Financial		Commercial Real Estate		Total Loans
(In millions)
Investment grade	$	37,104	$	1,747	$	38,851
Speculative	4,651		463		5,114
Special mention	165		85		250
Substandard	49		174		223
Doubtful	—		227		227

Total(1)(2)	$	41,969	$	2,696	$	44,665


December 31, 2024	Commercial and Financial		Commercial Real Estate		Total Loans
(In millions)
Investment grade	$	35,831	$	1,969	$	37,800
Speculative	4,278		409		4,687
Special mention	187		62		249
Substandard	48		211		259
Doubtful	—		191		191
Total(1)(2)	$	40,344	$	2,842	$	43,186

(1) Loans include $3.02 billion and $1.98 billion of overdrafts as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Overdrafts are short-term in nature and do not present a significant credit risk to us. As of March 31, 2025, $2.70 billion overdrafts were investment grade and $0.32 billion overdrafts were speculative.

(2) Total does not include $20 million and $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

For additional information about credit quality, refer to pages 142 to 146 in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis, by year of origination and credit quality indicator, as of March 31, 2025. For origination years before the fifth annual period, we present the aggregate amortized cost basis of loans. For purchased loans, the date of issuance is used to determine the year of origination, not the date of acquisition. For modified, extended or renewed lending arrangements, we evaluate whether a credit event has occurred which would consider the loan to be a new arrangement.


(In millions)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total(1)
Domestic loans:
Commercial and financial:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	1,812	$	875	$	222	$	39	$	47	$	203	$	17,163	$	20,361
Speculative	418		1,651		133		133		284		116		405		3,140
Special mention	—		47		—		—		15		—		—		62
Substandard	—		—		—		12		—		—		—		12


Total commercial and financing	$	2,230	$	2,573	$	355	$	184	$	346	$	319	$	17,568	$	23,575

Commercial real estate:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	—	$	41	$	63	$	344	$	317	$	982	$	—	$	1,747
Speculative	—		—		153		20		31		259		—		463
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		85		—		85
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		174		—		174
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		227		—		227

Total commercial real estate	$	—	$	41	$	216	$	364	$	348	$	1,727	$	—	$	2,696

Non-U.S. loans:
Commercial and financial:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	2,786	$	3,836	$	1,634	$	724	$	1,696	$	—	$	6,067	$	16,743
Speculative	376		660		50		51		186		57		131		1,511
Special mention	43		—		36		—		—		24		—		103
Substandard	—		—		—		—		37		—		—		37


Total commercial and financing	$	3,205	$	4,496	$	1,720	$	775	$	1,919	$	81	$	6,198	$	18,394











Total loans(2)	$	5,435	$	7,110	$	2,291	$	1,323	$	2,613	$	2,127	$	23,766	$	44,665

(1) Any reserve associated with accrued interest is not material. As of March 31, 2025, accrued interest receivable of $340 million included in the amortized cost basis of loans has been excluded from the amortized cost basis within this table.

(2) Total does not include $20 million of loans classified as held-for-sale as of March 31, 2025.

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(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the amortized cost basis, by year of origination and credit quality indicator as of December 31, 2024:


(In millions)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total(1)
Domestic loans:
Commercial and financial:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	1,946	$	223	$	89	$	47	$	6	$	197	$	18,044	$	20,552
Speculative	1,834		173		154		387		53		155		136		2,892
Special mention	47		10		—		54		—		—		—		111
Substandard	—		—		12		—		—		—		—		12


Total commercial and financing	$	3,827	$	406	$	255	$	488	$	59	$	352	$	18,180	$	23,567
Commercial real estate:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	41	$	63	$	488	$	278	$	128	$	971	$	—	$	1,969
Speculative	—		153		20		69		100		67		—		409
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		62		—		62
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		211		—		211
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		191		—		191

Total commercial real estate	$	41	$	216	$	508	$	347	$	228	$	1,502	$	—	$	2,842
Non-U.S. loans:
Commercial and financial:
Risk Rating:
Investment grade	$	4,243	$	1,796	$	1,152	$	2,187	$	—	$	—	$	5,901	$	15,279
Speculative	607		174		44		246		46		43		226		1,386

Special mention	—		35		26		15		—		—		—		76
Substandard	—		—		—		36		—		—		—		36

Total commercial and financing	$	4,850	$	2,005	$	1,222	$	2,484	$	46	$	43	$	6,127	$	16,777











Total loans(2)	$	8,718	$	2,627	$	1,985	$	3,319	$	333	$	1,897	$	24,307	$	43,186

(1) Any reserve associated with accrued interest is not material. As of December 31, 2024, accrued interest receivable of $327 million included in the amortized cost basis of loans has been excluded from the amortized cost basis within this table.

(2) Total does not include $14 million of loans classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio and class for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Commercial and Financial
(In millions)	Leveraged Loans		Other Loans(1)		Commercial Real Estate		Off-Balance Sheet Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	68	$	4	$	102	$	9	$	183
Provision	6		2		3		1		12
Charge-offs(2)	(9)		—		—		—		(9)




Ending balance	$	65	$	6	$	105	$	10	$	186

(1) Includes $4 million allowance for credit losses on Fund Finance loans and $2 million on other loans.

(2) Related to the sale of leveraged loans in the first quarter of 2025.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Commercial and Financial
(In millions)	Leveraged Loans		Other Loans(1)		Commercial Real Estate		Held-to-Maturity Securities		Off-Balance Sheet Commitments		All Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	72	$	4	$	60	$	1	$	14	$	(1)	$	150
Provision	5		1		25		—		(4)		—		27
Charge-offs(2)	(6)		—		(25)		—		—		—		(31)




Ending balance	$	71	$	5	$	60	$	1	$	10	$	(1)	$	146

(1) Includes $4 million allowance for credit losses on Fund Finance loans and $1 million on other loans.

(2) Related to the sale of commercial real estate and leveraged loans in the first quarter of 2024.

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(UNAUDITED)

Loans are reviewed on a regular basis, and any provisions for credit losses that are recorded reflect management's estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate to absorb expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. In the first quarter of 2025, we recorded a $12 million provision for credit losses, compared to $27 million in the same period of 2024, primarily reflecting an increase in loan loss reserves associated with certain commercial real estate loans.

Allowance estimates remain subject to continued model and economic uncertainty and management may use qualitative adjustments in the allowance estimates. If future data and forecasts deviate relative to the forecasts utilized to determine our allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025, or if credit risk migration is higher or lower than forecasted for reasons independent of the economic forecast, our allowance for credit losses will also change.

Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the periods indicated:


(In millions)	Investment Servicing		Investment Management		Total
Goodwill:
Ending balance December 31, 2023	$	7,346	$	265	$	7,611
Acquisitions	189		—		189

Foreign currency translation	(107)		(2)		(109)
Ending balance December 31, 2024	7,428		263		7,691


Foreign currency translation	70		2		72
Ending balance March 31, 2025	$	7,498	$	265	$	7,763

The following table presents changes in the net carrying amount of other intangible assets during the periods indicated:


(In millions)	Investment Servicing		Investment Management		Total
Other intangible assets:





Ending balance December 31, 2023	$	1,293	$	27	$	1,320
Acquisitions	7		13		20
Amortization	(216)		(14)		(230)


Foreign currency translation	(21)		—		(21)
Ending balance December 31, 2024	1,063		26		1,089


Amortization	(53)		(1)		(54)
Foreign currency translation	11		—		11
Ending balance March 31, 2025	$	1,021	$	25	$	1,046

The following tables present the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount of other intangible assets by type as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2025
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
(In millions)
Other intangible assets:
Client relationships	$	2,743	$	(1,982)	$	761
Technology	403		(263)		140
Core deposits	685		(555)		130
Other	98		(83)		15
Total	$	3,929	$	(2,883)	$	1,046

	December 31, 2024
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
(In millions)
Other intangible assets:
Client relationships	$	2,706	$	(1,919)	$	787
Technology	401		(252)		149
Core deposits	677		(540)		137
Other	95		(79)		16
Total	$	3,879	$	(2,790)	$	1,089

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(UNAUDITED)

Note 6. Other Assets

The following table presents the components of other assets as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Securities borrowed(1)	$	41,602	$	37,451
Derivative instruments, net	7,260		11,183
Bank-owned life insurance	3,880		3,856
Collateral, net	3,584		3,216
Investments in joint ventures and other unconsolidated entities(2)	3,424		3,317
Accounts receivable	975		504
Prepaid expenses	873		738
Right-of-use assets	826		818
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance(3)	646		701


Receivable for securities settlement	328		57



Income taxes receivable	308		144


Other(4)	2,820		2,529
Total	$	66,526	$	64,514

(1) Refer to Note 8, for further information on the impact of collateral on our financial statement presentation of securities borrowing and securities lending transactions.

(2) Includes equity securities without readily determinable fair values that are accounted for under the ASC 321 measurement alternative of $414 million and $341 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, no impairments were recognized in other fee revenue related to such equity securities.

(3) Deferred tax assets and liabilities recorded in our consolidated statement of condition are netted within the same tax jurisdiction.

(4) Includes advances of $1.30 billion and $1.04 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 7. Derivative Financial Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments to support our clients' needs and to manage our interest rate, currency and other market risks. These financial instruments consist of FX contracts such as forwards, futures and options contracts; interest rate contracts such as interest rate swaps (cross currency and single currency) and futures; and other derivative contracts. Derivative instruments used for risk management purposes that are highly effective in offsetting the risk being hedged are generally designated as hedging instruments in hedge accounting relationships, while others are economic hedges and not designated in hedge accounting relationships. For additional information on our use and accounting policies on derivative financial instruments, including derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, refer to page 150 in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

For additional information on our derivatives designated as hedging instruments, including our risk management objectives and hedging documentation methodologies, refer to pages 150 and 151 in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Fair Value Hedges

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the risk of changes in the fair values of recognized assets and liabilities, including long-term debt and AFS securities. We use interest rate and FX contracts in this manner to manage our exposure to changes in the fair value of hedged items caused by changes in interest rates and FX rates, respectively.

Changes in the fair value of the derivative and changes in fair value of the hedged item due to changes in the hedged risk are recognized in earnings in the same line item. If a hedge is terminated, but the hedged item was not derecognized, all remaining adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged item are amortized over a period that is consistent with the amortization of other discounts or premiums associated with the hedged item.

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(UNAUDITED)

Cash Flow Hedges

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are utilized to offset the variability of cash flows of recognized assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions. We have entered into FX contracts to hedge the change in cash flows attributable to FX movements in foreign currency denominated investment securities. Additionally, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the forecasted cash flows associated with EURIBOR indexed floating-rate loans, Deposit Facility Interest Rate (DFR) indexed ECB deposits and Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB) indexed floating-rate cash deposits held across the Federal Reserve Bank system. The interest rate swaps synthetically convert the interest receipts from a variable-rate to a fixed-rate, thereby mitigating the risk attributable to changes in the EURIBOR, DFR and IORB.

Changes in fair value of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in AOCI and then reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings and are presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. If the hedge relationship is terminated, the change in fair value on the derivative recorded in AOCI is reclassified into earnings consistent with the timing of the hedged item. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because a forecasted transaction is not expected to occur according to the original hedge terms, any related derivative values recorded in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings. The net loss associated with cash flow hedges expected to be reclassified from AOCI within 12 months of March 31, 2025, is approximately $128 million. The maximum length of time over which forecasted cash flows are hedged is five years.

Net Investment Hedges

Derivatives categorized as net investment hedges are entered into to protect the net investment in our foreign operations against adverse changes in exchange rates. We use FX forward contracts to convert the foreign currency risk to U.S. dollars to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in FX rates. The changes in fair value of the FX forward contracts are recorded, net of taxes, in the foreign currency translation component of other comprehensive income (OCI).

The following table presents the aggregate contractual, or notional, amounts of derivative financial instruments, including those entered into for trading and asset and liability management activities as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:



Futures	$	51,006	$	47,222
Foreign exchange contracts:
Forward, swap and spot	2,888,386		2,612,945
Options purchased	513		466
Options written	171		145
Futures	870		359






Other:
Futures	122		155
Stable value contracts(1)	19,266		25,271
Deferred value awards(2)	305		253
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts:
Swap agreements	36,461		33,302
Foreign exchange contracts:
Forward and swap	10,935		10,260

(1) The notional value of the stable value contracts represents our maximum exposure. However, exposure to various stable value contracts is generally contractually limited to substantially lower amounts than the notional values.

(2) Represents grants of deferred value awards to employees; refer to page 151 in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Notional amounts are provided here as an indication of the volume of our derivative activity and serve as a reference to calculate the fair values of the derivative.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements, recorded in our consolidated statement of condition as of the dates indicated. The impact of master netting agreements is provided in Note 8.


	Derivative Assets(1)				Derivative Liabilities(2)
(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	18,401	$	29,116	$	18,201	$	28,904


Other derivative contracts	—		1		205		219
Total	$	18,401	$	29,117	$	18,406	$	29,123

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	12	$	323	$	297	$	—
Interest rate contracts	32		28		21		1
Total	$	44	$	351	$	318	$	1

(1) Derivative assets are included within other assets in our consolidated statement of condition.

(2) Derivative liabilities are included within other liabilities in our consolidated statement of condition.

The following table presents the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
(In millions)	Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Foreign exchange trading services revenue	$	233	$	207

Foreign exchange contracts	Interest expense	83		49
Interest rate contracts	Foreign exchange trading services revenue	6		7
Other derivative contracts	Other fee revenue	6		(2)




Other derivative contracts	Compensation and employee benefits	(35)		(49)
Total		$	293	$	212

The following table shows the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustments related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships:


	March 31, 2025
			Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Increasing (Decreasing) the Carrying Amount
(In millions)	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/Liabilities		Active		De-designated(1)
Long-term debt	$	14,656	$	(173)	$	96
Available-for-sale securities(2)(3)	19,588		(101)		1

	December 31, 2024
			Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Increasing (Decreasing) the Carrying Amount
(In millions)	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/Liabilities		Active		De-designated(1)
Long-term debt	$	15,951	$	(323)	$	103
Available-for-sale securities(2)(3)	18,666		(376)		1

(1) Represents hedged items no longer designated in qualifying fair value hedging relationships for which an associated basis adjustment exists at the balance sheet date.

(2) Included in these amounts is the amortized cost of the financial assets designated under the portfolio layer hedging relationships (hedged item is the hedged layer of a closed portfolio of financial assets expected to remain outstanding at the end of the hedging relationship). At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $3.24 billion and $3.32 billion, respectively, of which $1.66 billion and $1.82 billion, respectively, was designated under the portfolio layer hedging relationship for both periods. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the cumulative adjustment associated with these hedging relationships was $5 million and ($26) million, respectively.

(3) Carrying amount represents amortized cost.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total notional amount of the interest rate swaps of fair value hedges was $31.48 billion and $31.12 billion, respectively.

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(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present the impact of our use of derivative financial instruments on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:


		Three Months Ended March 31,							Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024					2025		2024
(In millions)	Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative in Consolidated Statement of Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) on Derivative Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income				Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedging Relationship	Location of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Consolidated Statement of Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Income
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:


Interest rate contracts	Net interest income	$	(235)	$	102		Available-for-sale securities(1)	Net interest income	$	234	$	(102)
Interest rate contracts	Net interest income	150		(60)			Long-term debt	Net interest income	(150)		60
Foreign exchange contracts	Other fee revenue	3		—			Available-for-sale securities	Other fee revenue	(3)		—

Total		$	(82)	$	42				$	81	$	(42)

(1) In the three months ended March 31, 2025, approximately $210 million of net unrealized losses on AFS investment securities designated in fair value hedges were recognized in OCI compared to $75 million of net unrealized gains in the same period of 2024.


	Three Months Ended March 31,					Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024			Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income	2025		2024
(In millions)	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative				Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts(1)	$	2	$	(14)		Net interest income	$	(37)	$	(55)
Foreign exchange contracts	—		59			Net interest income	—		254
Total derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	$	2	$	45			$	(37)	$	199

Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(285)	$	185		Gains (Losses) related to investment securities, net	$	—	$	—
Total derivatives designated as net investment hedges	(285)		185				—		—
Total	$	(283)	$	230			$	(37)	$	199

(1) As of March 31, 2025, the maximum maturity date of the underlying hedged items is approximately 5.0 years.

Derivatives Netting and Credit Contingencies

Netting

Derivatives receivable and payable as well as cash collateral from the same counterparty are netted in the consolidated statement of condition for those counterparties with whom we have legally binding master netting agreements in place. In addition to cash collateral received and transferred presented on a net basis, we also receive and transfer collateral in the form of securities, which mitigate credit risk but are not eligible for netting. Additional information on netting is provided in Note 8.

Credit Contingencies

Certain of our derivatives are subject to master netting agreements with our derivative counterparties containing credit risk-related contingent features, which requires us to maintain an investment grade credit rating with the various credit rating agencies. If our rating falls below investment grade, we would be in violation of the provisions, and counterparties to the derivatives could request immediate payment or demand full overnight collateralization on derivative instruments in liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with credit contingent features and in a net liability position as of March 31, 2025 totaled approximately $4.55 billion, against which we provided $1.96 billion of collateral in the normal course of business. If our credit related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered as of March 31, 2025, the maximum additional collateral we would be required to post to our counterparties is approximately $2.59 billion.

Note 8. Offsetting Arrangements

For additional information on our offsetting arrangements, refer to page 154 in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the value of securities received as collateral from third parties

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(UNAUDITED)

where we are permitted to transfer or re-pledge the securities totaled $14.29 billion and $11.41 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the portion that had been transferred or re-pledged as of the same dates was $5.38 billion and $2.76 billion, respectively.

The following tables present information about the offsetting of assets related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:


Assets:	March 31, 2025
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)(2)		Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition		Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition
(In millions)							Cash and Securities Received(4)		Net Amount(5)
Derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	18,413	$	(9,502)	$	8,911	$	—	$	8,911
Interest rate contracts(6)	32		—		32		—		32



Cash collateral and securities netting	NA		(1,683)		(1,683)		(2,641)		(4,324)
Total derivatives	18,445		(11,185)		7,260		(2,641)		4,619
Other financial instruments:


Resale agreements and securities borrowing(7)(8)	310,967		(261,394)		49,573		(47,725)		1,848
Total derivatives and other financial instruments	$	329,412	$	(272,579)	$	56,833	$	(50,366)	$	6,467


Assets:	December 31, 2024
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets(1)(2)		Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in Statement of Condition		Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition
(In millions)							Cash and Securities Received(4)		Net Amount(5)
Derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	29,439	$	(16,424)	$	13,015	$	—	$	13,015
Interest rate contracts(6)	28		(1)		27		—		27


Other derivative contracts	1		—		1		—		1
Cash collateral and securities netting	NA		(1,860)		(1,860)		(1,197)		(3,057)
Total derivatives	29,468		(18,285)		11,183		(1,197)		9,986
Other financial instruments:
Resale agreements and securities borrowing(7)(8)	276,151		(232,021)		44,130		(42,589)		1,541
Total derivatives and other financial instruments	$	305,619	$	(250,306)	$	55,313	$	(43,786)	$	11,527

(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.

(2) Refer to Note 1 and Note 2 for additional information about the measurement basis of derivative instruments.

(3) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable and eligible for netting in the consolidated statement of condition.

(4) Includes securities in connection with our securities borrowing transactions.

(5) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.

(6) Variation margin payments presented as settlements rather than collateral.

(7) Included in the $49.57 billion as of March 31, 2025 were $7.97 billion of resale agreements and $41.60 billion of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Included in the $44.13 billion as of December 31, 2024 were $6.68 billion of resale agreements and $37.45 billion of collateral provided related to securities borrowing. Resale agreements and collateral provided related to securities borrowing were recorded in securities purchased under resale agreements and other assets, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to Note 9 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

(8) Offsetting of resale agreements primarily relates to our involvement in FICC, where we settle transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.

NA Not applicable

The following tables present information about the offsetting of liabilities related to derivative contracts and secured financing transactions, as of the dates indicated:


Liabilities:	March 31, 2025
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)(2)		Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition		Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition
(In millions)							Cash and Securities Received(4)		Net Amount(5)
Derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	18,498	$	(9,502)	$	8,996	$	—	$	8,996
Interest rate contracts(6)	21		—		21		—		21
Other derivative contracts	205		—		205		—		205
Cash collateral and securities netting	NA		(1,919)		(1,919)		(1,064)		(2,983)
Total derivatives	18,724		(11,421)		7,303		(1,064)		6,239
Other financial instruments:


Repurchase agreements and securities lending(7)(8)	282,136		(261,394)		20,742		(20,387)		355
Total derivatives and other financial instruments	$	300,860	$	(272,815)	$	28,045	$	(21,451)	$	6,594

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(UNAUDITED)


Liabilities:	December 31, 2024
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities(1)(2)		Gross Amounts Offset in Statement of Condition(3)		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in Statement of Condition		Gross Amounts Not Offset in Statement of Condition
(In millions)							Cash and Securities Received(4)		Net Amount(5)
Derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	28,904	$	(16,424)	$	12,480	$	—	$	12,480
Interest rate contracts(6)	1		(1)		—		—		—
Other derivative contracts	219		—		219		—		219
Cash collateral and securities netting	NA		(6,103)		(6,103)		(1,572)		(7,675)
Total derivatives	29,124		(22,528)		6,596		(1,572)		5,024
Other financial instruments:
Repurchase agreements and securities lending(7)(8)	250,032		(232,021)		18,011		(17,835)		176
Total derivatives and other financial instruments	$	279,156	$	(254,549)	$	24,607	$	(19,407)	$	5,200

(1) Amounts include all transactions regardless of whether or not they are subject to an enforceable netting arrangement.

(2) Refer to Note 1 and Note 2 for additional information about the measurement basis of derivative instruments.

(3) Amounts subject to netting arrangements which have been determined to be legally enforceable and eligible for netting in the consolidated statement of condition.

(4) Includes securities provided in connection with our securities lending transactions.

(5) Includes amounts secured by collateral not determined to be subject to enforceable netting arrangements.

(6) Variation margin payments presented as settlements rather than collateral.

(7) Included in the $20.74 billion as of March 31, 2025 were $3.52 billion of repurchase agreements and $17.22 billion of collateral received related to securities lending transactions. Included in the $18.01 billion as of December 31, 2024 were $3.68 billion of repurchase agreements and $14.33 billion of collateral received related to securities lending transactions. Repurchase agreements and collateral received related to securities lending were recorded in securities sold under repurchase agreements and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. Refer to Note 9 for additional information with respect to principal securities finance transactions.

(8) Offsetting of repurchase agreements primarily relates to our involvement in FICC, where we settle transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.

NA Not applicable

The securities transferred under resale and repurchase agreements typically are U.S. Treasury, agency and agency MBS. In our principal securities borrowing and lending arrangements, the securities transferred are predominantly equity securities and some corporate debt securities. The fair value of the securities transferred may increase in value to an amount greater than the amount received under our repurchase and securities lending arrangements, which exposes us to counterparty risk. We require the review of the price of the underlying securities in relation to the carrying value of the repurchase agreements and securities lending arrangements on a daily basis and when appropriate, adjust the cash or security to be obtained or returned to counterparties that is reflective of the required collateral levels.

The following table summarizes our repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions by category of collateral pledged and remaining maturity of these agreements, as of the periods indicated:




	As of March 31, 2025										As of December 31, 2024
(In millions)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 days		Greater than 90 Days		Total		Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	$	252,768	$	—	$	979	$	2,689	$	256,436	$	223,095	$	350	$	1,277	$	2,500	$	227,222
Non-U.S. sovereign debt	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	252,768		—		979		2,689		256,436		223,095		350		1,277		2,500		227,222
Securities lending transactions:
US Treasury and agency securities	2,578		—		—		—		2,578		152		—		—		—		152
Corporate debt securities	205		—		—		—		205		193		—		—		—		193
Equity securities	9,194		—		15		3,966		13,175		11,181		13		—		4,519		15,713
Other(1)	9,742		—		—		—		9,742		6,752		—		—		—		6,752
Total	21,719		—		15		3,966		25,700		18,278		13		—		4,519		22,810
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements and securities lending	$	274,487	$	—	$	994	$	6,655	$	282,136	$	241,373	$	363	$	1,277	$	7,019	$	250,032

(1) Represents a security interest in underlying client assets related to our prime services business, which clients have allowed us to transfer and re-pledge.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 9. Commitments and Guarantees

For additional information on the nature of the obligations and related business activities for our commitments and guarantees, refer to page 157 in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following table presents the aggregate gross contractual amounts of our off-balance sheet commitments and guarantees, as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commitments:
Unfunded credit facilities	$	34,115	$	34,191
Guarantees(1):
Indemnified securities financing	$	358,074	$	310,814
Standby letters of credit	811		908

(1) The potential losses associated with these guarantees equal the gross contractual amounts and do not consider the value of any collateral or reflect any participations to independent third parties.

Approximately 75% of our unfunded commitments to extend credit expire within one year as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Indemnified Securities Financing

For additional information on our indemnified securities financing, refer to page 157 in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following table summarizes the aggregate fair values of indemnified securities financing and related collateral, as well as collateral invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, as of the dates indicated:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Fair value of indemnified securities financing	$	358,074	$	310,814
Fair value of cash and securities held by us, as agent, as collateral for indemnified securities financing	375,403		325,611
Fair value of collateral for indemnified securities financing invested in indemnified repurchase agreements	64,786		63,655
Fair value of cash and securities held by us or our agents as collateral for investments in indemnified repurchase agreements	69,792		68,507

In certain cases, we participate in securities finance transactions as a principal. As a principal, we borrow securities from the lending client and then lend such securities to the subsequent borrower, either our client or a broker/dealer. Our right to receive and obligation to return collateral in connection with our securities lending transactions are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated statement of condition. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had approximately $41.60 billion and

$37.45 billion, respectively, of collateral provided and approximately $17.22 billion and $14.33 billion, respectively, of collateral received from clients in connection with our participation in principal securities finance transactions.

FICC Guarantee

As a sponsoring member in the FICC member program, we provide a guarantee to FICC in the event a customer fails to perform its obligations under a transaction. In order to minimize the risk associated with this guarantee, sponsored members acting as buyers generally grant a security interest in the subject securities received under and held on their behalf by State Street.

Additionally, as a member of certain industry clearing and settlement exchanges, we may be required to pay a pro rata share of the losses incurred by the organization and provide liquidity support in the event of the default of another member to the extent that the defaulting member’s clearing fund obligation and the prescribed loss allocation is depleted. It is difficult to estimate our maximum possible exposure under the membership agreements, since this would require an assessment of future claims that may be made against us that have not yet occurred. At both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not record any liabilities under these arrangements.

For additional information on our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, please refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Note 10. Contingencies

Legal and Regulatory Matters

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are involved in disputes, litigation, and governmental or regulatory inquiries and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against us or settled, may result in monetary awards or payments, fines and penalties or require changes in our business practices. The resolution or settlement of these matters is inherently difficult to predict. Based on our assessment of these pending matters, we do not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending matter is likely to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, an adverse outcome or development in certain of the matters described below could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved, or an accrual is determined to be required, on our consolidated financial condition, or on our reputation.

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(UNAUDITED)

We evaluate our needs for accruals of loss contingencies related to legal and regulatory proceedings on a case-by-case basis. When we have a liability that we deem probable, and we deem the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated as of the date of our consolidated financial statements, we accrue our estimate of the amount of loss. We also consider a loss probable and establish an accrual when we make, or intend to make, an offer of settlement. Once established, an accrual is subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of additional information. The resolution of legal and regulatory proceedings and the amount of reasonably estimable loss (or range thereof) are inherently difficult to predict, especially in the early stages of proceedings. Even if a loss is probable, an amount (or range) of loss might not be reasonably estimated until the later stages of the proceeding due to many factors such as the presence of complex or novel legal theories, the discretion of governmental authorities in seeking sanctions or negotiating resolutions in civil and criminal matters, the pace and timing of discovery and other assessments of facts and the procedural posture of the matter (collectively, "factors influencing reasonable estimates").

As of March 31, 2025, our aggregate accruals for loss contingencies for legal, regulatory and related matters totaled approximately $5 million, including potential fines by government agencies and civil litigation with respect to the matters specifically discussed below. To the extent that we have established accruals in our consolidated statement of condition for probable loss contingencies, such accruals may not be sufficient to cover our ultimate financial exposure associated with any settlements or judgments. Any such ultimate financial exposure, or proceedings to which we may become subject in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, on our future consolidated financial statements or on our reputation.

As of March 31, 2025, for those matters for which we have accrued probable loss contingencies and for other matters for which loss is reasonably possible (but not probable) in future periods, and for which we are able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss, our estimate of the aggregate reasonably possible loss (in excess of any accrued amounts) ranges up to approximately $45 million. Our estimate with respect to the aggregate reasonably possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties, which may change quickly and significantly from time to time, particularly if and as we engage with applicable governmental agencies or plaintiffs in connection with a proceeding. Also, the matters underlying the reasonably possible loss will

change from time to time. As a result, actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate.

In certain pending matters, it is not currently feasible to reasonably estimate the amount or a range of reasonably possible loss, and such losses, which may be significant, are not included in the estimate of reasonably possible loss discussed above. This is due to, among other factors, the factors influencing reasonable estimates described above. An adverse outcome in one or more of the matters for which we have not estimated the amount or a range of reasonably possible loss, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, on our future consolidated financial statements or on our reputation. Given that our actual losses from any legal or regulatory proceeding for which we have provided an estimate of the reasonably possible loss could significantly exceed such estimate, and given that we cannot estimate reasonably possible loss for all legal and regulatory proceedings as to which we may be subject now or in the future, no conclusion as to our ultimate exposure from current pending or potential legal or regulatory proceedings should be drawn from the current estimate of reasonably possible loss.

The following discussion provides information with respect to significant legal, governmental and regulatory matters.

Edmar Financial Company, LLC et al v. Currenex, Inc. et al

In August 2021, two former Currenex clients filed a putative civil class action lawsuit in the Southern District of New York alleging antitrust violations, fraud and a civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act violation against Currenex, State Street and others.

Pension Risk Transfer Litigation

State Street Global Advisors Trust Company (SSGA) is named as a defendant in a series of purported class action complaints filed by participants in pension plans where, in each case, SSGA was hired as independent fiduciary on behalf of the pension plan to conduct an ERISA-compliant due diligence review of potential insurers who could assume the plan’s liabilities and satisfy its payment obligations through the purchase of a group annuity contract, consistent with DOL guidance. The complaints, collectively, allege violations of ERISA’s fiduciary and prohibited transaction rules against SSGA, the plan sponsors, and others.

German Tax Matter

In connection with a routine audit including the period 2013-2015, German tax authorities have questioned whether State Street should have withheld and be secondarily liable for certain taxes on

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

dividends paid on securities of German issuers held as collateral over dividend record dates in client lending transactions with counterparties outside of Germany.

State of Texas et al v. Blackrock, Inc. et al

In November 2024, eleven state Attorneys General filed a complaint in Federal Court in the Eastern District of Texas against State Street, BlackRock and Vanguard, alleging antitrust violations on the theory that the three companies conspired to artificially suppress coal supply, resulting in harm to American consumers in the form of higher electricity costs.

Income Taxes

In determining our provision for income taxes, we make certain judgments and interpretations with respect to tax laws in jurisdictions in which we have business operations. Because of the complex nature of these laws, in the normal course of our business, we are subject to challenges from U.S. and non-U.S. income tax authorities regarding the amount of income taxes due. These challenges may result in adjustments to the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions or the allocation of taxable income among tax jurisdictions. We recognize a tax benefit when it is more likely than not that our position will result in a tax deduction or credit. Unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $239 million and $237 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

We are presently under audit by a number of tax authorities. The earliest tax year open to examination in jurisdictions where we have material operations is 2017. Management believes that we have sufficiently accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2025 for potential tax exposures.

Note 11. Variable Interest Entities

For additional information on our accounting policy and our use of variable interest entities (VIEs), refer to pages 159 to 161 in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, "Variable Interest Entities", in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Interests in Investment Funds

As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no consolidated funds. As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we managed certain funds, considered VIEs, in which we

held a variable interest, but for which we were not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Our potential maximum loss exposure related to these unconsolidated funds totaled $20 million and $19 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and represented the carrying value of our investments, which are recorded in other assets in our consolidated statement of condition. The amount of loss we may recognize during any period is limited to the carrying amount of our investments in the unconsolidated funds.

We also held investments in low-income housing, production and investment tax credit entities, considered VIEs for which we were not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our potential maximum loss exposure related to these unconsolidated entities totaled $1.05 billion and $1.10 billion, respectively, most of which represented the carrying value of our investments which are recorded in other assets in our consolidated statement of condition.

We account for our low-income housing tax credit investments (LIHTC) and production tax credit investments under the proportional amortization method. Under the proportional amortization method, the initial cost of the investment is amortized based on a percentage of the actual income tax credits and other income tax benefits allocated in the current period versus the total estimated income tax credits and other income tax benefits expected to be received over the life of the investment. The net benefit, representing the difference between amortization of the investment balance, recognition of the income tax credits and recognition of other income tax benefits from the investment is recognized as a component of income tax expense.

As of March 31, 2025, we had investments in LIHTC and production tax credit investments of $674 million and $275 million, respectively, which are included in other assets in our consolidated statement of condition. Contingent contributions related to the renewable energy production tax credit investments were $39 million at March 31, 2025. These contributions are contingent on production and expected to be paid through 2034. Deferred contributions related to LIHTC investments were $105 million at March 31, 2025. These deferred contributions are payable in accordance with the respective agreements and are expected to be paid through 2042.

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the impact of our tax credit programs for which we have elected to apply proportional amortization accounting on our consolidated statement of income for the periods indicated:


(In millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024





Income (loss) recorded on investments within other fee revenue	$	3	$	4
Income recorded in total revenue	3		4

Tax credits and benefits recognized in income tax expense	55		56
Proportional amortization recognized in income tax expense	(43)		(44)
Net benefits included in income tax expense	12		12
Net benefit attributable to tax-advantaged investments included in the consolidated statement of income for which proportional amortization has been elected	$	15	$	16

Note 12. Shareholders' Equity

Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes selected terms of each of the series of the preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025:


Preferred Stock(1):	Issuance Date	Depositary Shares Issued	Amount outstanding (in millions)		Ownership Interest Per Depositary Share	Liquidation Preference Per Share	Liquidation Preference Per Depositary Share	Per Annum Dividend Rate	Dividend Payment Frequency	Carrying Value as of March 31, 2025 (In millions)		Redemption Date(2)

Series G	April 2016	20,000,000	$	500	1/4,000th	100,000	25	5.35%(3)	Quarterly	$	493	March 15, 2026
Series I	January 2024	1,500,000	1,500		1/100th	100,000	1,000	6.700% through March 14, 2029; resets March 15, 2029 and every subsequent five year anniversary at five- year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.613%	Quarterly	1,481		March 15, 2029
Series J	July 2024	850,000	850		1/100th	100,000	1,000	6.700% through September 14, 2029; resets September 15, 2029 and every subsequent five year anniversary at the five-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.628%	Quarterly	842		September 15, 2029
Series K	February 2025	750,000	750		1/100th	100,000	1,000	6.450% through September 14, 2030; resets September 15, 2030 and every subsequent five year anniversary at five- year U.S. Treasury rate plus 2.135%	Quarterly	743		September 15, 2030

(3) The dividend rate for the floating rate period of the Series G preferred stock that begins on March 15, 2026 and all subsequent floating rate periods will remain at the current fixed rate in accordance with the LIBOR Act and the contractual terms of the Series G preferred stock.

State Street Corporation | 72

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the dividends declared for each of the series of preferred stock issued and outstanding for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Dividends Declared per Share		Dividends Declared per Depositary Share		Total		Dividends Declared per Share		Dividends Declared per Depositary Share		Total
Preferred Stock:
Series D	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,475	$	0.37	$	11
Series F	—		—		—		2,336		23.36		6
Series G	1,338		0.33		7		1,338		0.33		7
Series H	—		—		—		2,069		20.69		10
Series I	1,675		16.75		25		—		—		—
Series J	1,675		16.75		14		—		—		—

Total					$	46					$	34

Common Stock

The table below presents the activity under our common share repurchase program for the period indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025					2024
	Shares Acquired (In millions)	Average Cost per Share		Total Acquired (In millions)		Shares Acquired (In millions)	Average Cost per Share		Total Acquired (In millions)

2024 Program	1.0	$	99.60	$	100	1.4	$	73.24	$	100

The table below presents the dividends declared on common stock for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025				2024
	Dividends Declared per Share		Total (In millions)		Dividends Declared per Share		Total (In millions)
Common Stock	$	0.76	$	220	$	0.69	$	208

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the after-tax components of AOCI and changes for the periods indicated, net of related taxes:


(In millions)	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities(1)		Net Unrealized Losses on Retirement Plans		Foreign Currency Translation		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Hedges of Net Investments in Non-U.S. Subsidiaries		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	(131)	$	(947)	$	(145)	$	(1,400)	$	269	$	(2,354)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	34		(30)		6		(292)		185		(97)
Increase (decrease) due to amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(147)		228		1		—		—		82
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(113)		198		7		(292)		185		(15)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	(244)	$	(749)	$	(138)	$	(1,692)	$	454	$	(2,369)



Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	(132)	$	(480)	$	(129)	$	(2,168)	$	809	$	(2,100)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	1		84		3		450		(286)		252
Increase (decrease) due to amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	29		27		—		—		—		56
Other comprehensive income (loss)	30		111		3		450		(286)		308
Balance as of March 31, 2025	$	(102)	$	(369)	$	(126)	$	(1,718)	$	523	$	(1,792)

(1) Includes after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains (losses) of ($347) million and ($374) million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to AFS investment securities previously transferred to HTM.

State Street Corporation | 73

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present after-tax reclassifications into earnings for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
(In millions)	Amounts Reclassified into Earnings				Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Income



Investment securities:

Losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income, net of related taxes of $20 and $83, respectively	$	27	$	228	Net interest income


Cash flow hedges:
Losses (gains) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income, net of related taxes of $8 and ($52), respectively	29		(147)		Net interest income
Retirement plans:
Amortization of actuarial losses, net of related taxes of nil and nil, respectively	—		1		Compensation and employee benefits expenses



Total amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	$	56	$	82

Note 13. Regulatory Capital

For additional information on our regulatory capital, including the regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies, which we are subject to, refer to pages 163 to 164 in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

As of March 31, 2025, we and State Street Bank exceeded all regulatory capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject to. As of March 31, 2025, State Street Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under the applicable regulatory capital adequacy framework, and exceeded all “well capitalized” ratio guidelines to which it was subject. Management believes that no conditions or events have occurred since March 31, 2025 that have changed the capital categorization of State Street Bank.

The following table presents the regulatory capital structure, total RWA, related regulatory capital ratios and the minimum required regulatory capital ratios for us and State Street Bank as of the dates indicated.

State Street Corporation | 74

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


					State Street Corporation												State Street Bank
(Dollars in millions)					Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025			Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025			Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024			Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024			Basel III Advanced Approaches March 31, 2025			Basel III Standardized Approach March 31, 2025			Basel III Advanced Approaches December 31, 2024			Basel III Standardized Approach December 31, 2024
Common shareholders' equity:
Common stock and related surplus					$	11,197		$	11,197		$	11,226		$	11,226		$	13,333		$	13,333		$	13,333		$	13,333
Retained earnings					29,959			29,959			29,582			29,582			16,208			16,208			15,977			15,977
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)					(1,792)			(1,792)			(2,100)			(2,100)			(1,521)			(1,521)			(1,805)			(1,805)
Treasury stock, at cost					(16,231)			(16,231)			(16,198)			(16,198)			—			—			—			—
Total					23,133			23,133			22,510			22,510			28,020			28,020			27,505			27,505
Regulatory capital adjustments:
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities					(8,343)			(8,343)			(8,320)			(8,320)			(8,076)			(8,076)			(8,054)			(8,054)
Other adjustments(1)					(428)			(428)			(391)			(391)			(314)			(314)			(278)			(278)
Common equity tier 1 capital					14,362			14,362			13,799			13,799			19,630			19,630			19,173			19,173
Preferred stock					3,559			3,559			2,816			2,816			—			—			—			—


Tier 1 capital					17,921			17,921			16,615			16,615			19,630			19,630			19,173			19,173
Qualifying subordinated long-term debt					1,871			1,871			1,861			1,861			529			529			530			530

Allowance for credit losses					7			186			—			183			7			186			—			183

Total capital					$	19,799		$	19,978		$	18,476		$	18,659		$	20,166		$	20,345		$	19,703		$	19,886
Risk-weighted assets:
Credit risk(2)					$	62,541		$	127,888		$	63,252		$	124,281		$	59,213		$	125,857		$	57,883		$	121,785
Operational risk(3)					49,413			NA			49,350			NA			47,625			NA			47,538			NA
Market risk					2,320			2,320			2,000			2,000			2,320			2,320			2,000			2,000
Total risk-weighted assets					$	114,274		$	130,208		$	114,602		$	126,281		$	109,158		$	128,177		$	107,421		$	123,785

Adjusted quarterly average assets					$	328,520		$	328,520		$	318,470		$	318,470		$	324,768		$	324,768		$	314,754		$	314,754

Capital Ratios:	2025 Minimum Requirements(4)		2024 Minimum Requirements(4)
Common equity tier 1 capital	8.0	%	8.0	%	12.6		%	11.0		%	12.0		%	10.9		%	18.0		%	15.3		%	17.8		%	15.5		%
Tier 1 capital	9.5		9.5		15.7			13.8			14.5			13.2			18.0			15.3			17.8			15.5
Total capital	11.5		11.5		17.3			15.3			16.1			14.8			18.5			15.9			18.3			16.1
Tier 1 leverage(5)	4.0		4.0		5.5			5.5			5.2			5.2			6.0			6.0			6.1			6.1

(4) Minimum requirements include a CCB of 2.5% and a SCB of 2.5% for the advanced approaches and the standardized approach, respectively, a G-SIB surcharge of 1.0% and a countercyclical buffer of 0%. On June 26, 2024, we were notified by the Federal Reserve of the results from the 2024 supervisory stress test. Our SCB calculated under the 2024 supervisory stress test was well below the 2.5% minimum, resulting in an SCB at that floor, which remains in effect for the period from October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025.

(5) State Street Bank is required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% as it is the insured depository institution subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a U.S. G-SIB.

NA Not applicable

State Street Corporation | 75

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 14. Net Interest Income

The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense, and related NII, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Interest income:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$	768	$	998
Investment securities:



Investment securities available-for-sale	724		572
Investment securities held-to-maturity	242		294

Total investment securities	966		866
Securities purchased under resale agreements	165		167
Loans	557		546
Other interest-earning assets	466		312
Total interest income	2,922		2,889
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits	1,566		1,640

Securities sold under repurchase agreements	51		39

Other short-term borrowings	135		101
Long-term debt	297		258
Other interest-bearing liabilities	159		135
Total interest expense	2,208		2,173
Net interest income	$	714	$	716

Note 15. Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Professional services	$	110	$	110
Sales advertising and public relations	25		25
Regulatory fees and assessments(1)	13		141
Bank operations	13		8
Donations	4		25
Securities processing	4		8





Other	107		101

Total other expenses	$	276	$	418

(1) First quarter of 2024 other expenses included a $130 million increase to the FDIC special assessment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily related to the increase to the FDIC’s estimate of losses to the DIF associated with the closures of SVB and Signature Bank.

Repositioning Charges

The following table presents aggregate activity for repositioning charges for the periods indicated:


(In millions)	Employee Related Costs		Real Estate Actions		Total














Accrual Balance at December 31, 2023	$	207	$	1	$	208

Payments and other adjustments	(19)		—		(19)
Accrual Balance at March 31, 2024	$	188	$	1	$	189




















Accrual Balance at December 31, 2024	96		—		96
Payments and other adjustments	(14)		—		(14)
Accrual Balance at March 31, 2025	$	82	$	—	$	82

State Street Corporation | 76

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 16. Earnings Per Common Share

For additional information on our EPS calculation methodologies, refer to pages 170 to 171 in Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2025		2024
Net income	$	644	$	463
Less:
Preferred stock dividends	(46)		(45)
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(1)	(1)		—
Net income available to common shareholders	$	597	$	418
Average common shares outstanding (In thousands):
Basic average common shares	288,562		301,991
Effect of dilutive securities: equity-based awards	4,154		3,952
Diluted average common shares	292,716		305,943
Anti-dilutive securities(2)	6,885		1,329
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	2.07	$	1.38
Diluted(3)	2.04		1.37

(1) Represents the portion of net income available to common equity allocated to participating securities, composed of unvested and fully vested SERP shares and fully vested deferred director stock awards, which are equity-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, and are considered to participate with the common stock in undistributed earnings.

(2) Represents equity-based awards outstanding, but not included in the computation of diluted average common shares because their effect was anti-dilutive. Additional information about equity-based awards is provided on pages 165 to 167 in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

(3) Calculations reflect allocation of earnings to participating securities using the two-class method, as this computation is more dilutive than the treasury stock method.

Note 17. Line of Business Information

Our operations are organized into two lines of business, which represent our reportable segments: Investment Servicing and Investment Management, which are defined based on products and services provided. The results of operations for these lines of business are not necessarily comparable with those of other companies, including companies in the financial services industry. For information about our two lines of business, as well as revenues, expenses and capital allocation methodologies associated with them, refer to pages 171 to 173 in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Revenue and expenses are directly charged or allocated to our lines of business through management information systems. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is the chief executive officer. The line of business results are regularly provided to the CODM to evaluate the performance of each line of business and to inform how resources are allocated between those lines of business to best achieve management’s strategic and tactical goals. Capital is allocated based on the relative risks and capital requirements inherent in each business line, along with management judgment. Capital allocations may not be representative of the capital that might be required if these lines of business were separate business entities.

The following tables summarize our line of business results for the periods indicated. The "Other" columns represent amounts that are not allocated to our two lines of business, including expenses associated with the FDIC special assessment to recover estimated losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund arising from the protection of uninsured depositors following the closure of SVB and Signature Bank.

State Street Corporation | 77

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Investment Servicing						Investment Management						Other				Total
(Dollars in millions)	2025			2024			2025			2024			2025		2024		2025			2024
Revenue:
Servicing fees	$	1,275		$	1,228		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	1,275		$	1,228
Management fees	—			—			562			510			—		—		562			510
Foreign exchange trading services	337			308			25			23			—		—		362			331
Securities finance	108			90			6			6			—		—		114			96
Software and processing fees	225			207			—			—			—		—		225			207
Other fee revenue	34			43			(2)			7			—		—		32			50
Total fee revenue	1,979			1,876			591			546			—		—		2,570			2,422
Net interest income	709			711			5			5			—		—		714			716

Total revenue	2,688			2,587			596			551			—		—		3,284			3,138
Provision for credit losses	12			27			—			—			—		—		12			27




Expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits	1,103			1,099			159			153			—		—		1,262			1,252
Information systems and communications	477			417			20			15			—		—		497			432
Transaction processing services	216			206			42			42			—		—		258			248
Other	223			241			210			210			—		130		433			581
Total expenses	2,019			1,963			431			420			—		130		2,450			2,513
Income before income tax expense	$	657		$	597		$	165		$	131		$	—	$	(130)	$	822		$	598
Pre-tax margin	24		%	23		%	28		%	24		%					25		%	19		%

Average assets (in billions)	$	333.9		$	295.5		$	3.4		$	3.1						$	337.3		$	298.6

Note 18. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

For additional information on the nature of services and our revenue from contracts with customers, including revenues associated with both our Investment Servicing and Investment Management lines of business, refer to pages 173 to 176 in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Revenue by category

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by our two lines of business and by revenue stream for which the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The amounts in the “Other” columns were not allocated to our business lines.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Investment Servicing						Investment Management						Other						Total
(Dollars in millions)	Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		2025
Servicing fees	$	1,275	$	—	$	1,275	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,275
Management fees	—		—		—		562		—		562		—		—		—		562
Foreign exchange trading services	100		237		337		25		—		25		—		—		—		362
Securities finance	45		63		108		—		6		6		—		—		—		114
Software and processing fees	171		54		225		—		—		—		—		—		—		225
Other fee revenue	—		34		34		—		(2)		(2)		—		—		—		32
Total fee revenue	1,591		388		1,979		587		4		591		—		—		—		2,570
Net interest income	—		709		709		—		5		5		—		—		—		714

Total revenue	$	1,591	$	1,097	$	2,688	$	587	$	9	$	596	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,284















	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Investment Servicing						Investment Management						Other						Total
(Dollars in millions)	Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		Topic 606 revenue		All other revenue		Total		2024
Servicing fees	$	1,228	$	—	$	1,228	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,228
Management fees	—		—		—		510		—		510		—		—		—		510
Foreign exchange trading services	95		213		308		23		—		23		—		—		—		331
Securities finance	47		43		90		—		6		6		—		—		—		96
Software and processing fees	155		52		207		—		—		—		—		—		—		207
Other fee revenue	—		43		43		—		7		7		—		—		—		50
Total fee revenue	1,525		351		1,876		533		13		546		—		—		—		2,422
Net interest income	—		711		711		—		5		5		—		—		—		716

Total revenue	$	1,525	$	1,062	$	2,587	$	533	$	18	$	551	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,138

State Street Corporation | 78

STATE STREET CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Contract balances and contract costs

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, net receivables of $3.23 billion and $3.08 billion, respectively, are included in accrued interest and fees receivable and other assets, representing amounts billed or currently billable related to revenue from contracts with customers. As performance obligations are satisfied, we have an unconditional right to payment and billing is generally performed monthly or quarterly; therefore, we do not have significant contract assets.

We had $136 million and $144 million of deferred revenue as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Deferred revenue is a contract liability which represents payments received and accounts receivable recorded in advance of providing services and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated statement of condition. In the first quarter of 2025, we recognized revenue of $58 million relating to deferred revenue of $144 million as of December 31, 2024.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents future, non-cancelable contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, inclusive of deferred revenue that has been invoiced and non-cancellable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. As of March 31, 2025, total remaining non-cancellable performance obligations for services and products not yet delivered, primarily comprised of software license sales and SaaS, were approximately $2.32 billion. We expect to recognize approximately half of this amount in revenue over the next three years, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter.

No adjustments are made to the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component as the period between when we transfer a promised service to a customer and when the customer pays for that service is expected to be one year or less.

Note 19. Non-U.S. Activities

We define our non-U.S. activities as those revenue-producing business activities that arise from clients that are generally serviced or managed outside the U.S. Due to the integrated nature of our business, precise segregation of our U.S. and non-U.S. activities is not possible.

Subjective estimates, assumptions and other judgments are applied to quantify the financial results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities, including our application of funds transfer pricing, our asset and liability management policies and our allocation of certain indirect corporate expenses. Management periodically reviews and updates its processes for quantifying the financial results and assets related to our non-U.S. activities.

The following table presents our U.S. and non-U.S. financial results for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025						2024
(In millions)	Non-U.S.(1)		U.S.		Total		Non-U.S.(1)		U.S.		Total
Total revenue	$	1,382	$	1,902	$	3,284	$	1,344	$	1,794	$	3,138
Income before income tax expense	309		513		822		279		319		598

(1) Geographic mix is generally based on the domicile of the entity servicing the funds and is not necessarily representative of the underlying asset mix.

Management fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 25% of total management fees in both the first quarters of 2025 and 2024.

Servicing fees generated outside the U.S. were approximately 47% in both the first quarters of 2025 and 2024.

Non-U.S. assets were $85.65 billion and $86.40 billion as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 20. Subsequent Events

On April 17, 2025, we notified the holders of our $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.104% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026, that we will redeem all the notes on May 18, 2025.

State Street Corporation | 79

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Shareholders and Board of Directors of State Street Corporation

Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated statement of condition of State Street Corporation (the “Corporation”) as of March 31, 2025, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related condensed notes (collectively referred to as the “condensed consolidated interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated statement of condition of the Corporation as of December 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 13, 2025, we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 2024, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of condition from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Corporation in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

May 1, 2025

State Street Corporation | 80


ACRONYMS


ABS	Asset-backed securities	HQLA(1)	High-quality liquid assets
AFS	Available-for-sale	HTM	Held-to-maturity
AOCI	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	IDI	Insured Depository Institution
AUC/A	Assets under custody and/or administration	LCR(1)	Liquidity coverage ratio
AUM	Assets under management	LTD	Long-term debt
bps	Basis points	MBS	Mortgage-backed securities
CAD	Canadian Dollar	NII	Net interest income
CCB	Capital Conservation Buffer	NIM	Net interest margin
CMBS	Commercial Mortgage backed Security	NSFR(1)	Net stable funding ratio
CRD	Charles River Development	PCAOB	Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
CET1(1)	Common equity tier 1	RMBS	Residential mortgage-backed securities
CVA	Credit valuation adjustment	RWA(1)	Risk-weighted assets
DIF	Deposit Insurance Fund	SaaS	Software as a service
ECB	European Central Bank	SCB	Stress Capital Buffer
ERISA	Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974	SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
ETF	Exchange-Traded Fund	SLR(1)	Supplementary leverage ratio
EUR	Euro	SPDR	Spider; Standard and Poor's depository receipt
EURIBOR	Euro Interbank Offered Rate	SPOE Strategy	Single Point of Entry Strategy
FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	SSIF	State Street Intermediate Funding, LLC
FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston	SVB	Silicon Valley Bank
FICC	Fixed Income Clearing Corporation	TLAC(1)	Total loss-absorbing capacity
FX	Foreign exchange	UOM	Unit of measure
GAAP	Generally accepted accounting principles	USD	U.S. Dollar
GBP	British Pound Sterling	VaR	Value-at-Risk
G-SIB	Global systemically important bank

(1) As defined by the applicable U.S. regulations.

State Street Corporation | 81

GLOSSARY

Asset-backed securities: A financial security backed by collateralized assets, other than real estate or mortgage backed securities.

Assets under custody and/or administration: Assets that we hold directly or indirectly on behalf of clients under a safekeeping or custody arrangement or for which we provide administrative services for clients. To the extent that we provide more than one AUC/A service (including back and middle office services) for a client’s assets, the value of the asset is only counted once in the total amount of AUC/A.

Assets under management: The total market value of client assets for which we provide investment management strategy services, advisory services and/or distribution services generating management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market values. These client assets are not included on our balance sheet. Assets under management include managed assets lost but not liquidated. Lost business occurs from time to time and it is difficult to predict the timing of client behavior in transitioning these assets as the timing can vary significantly.

Certificates of deposit (CD): A savings certificate with a fixed maturity date, specified fixed interest rate and can be issued in any denomination aside from minimum investment requirements. A CD restricts access to the funds until the maturity date of the investment.

Collateralized loan obligations: A loan or security backed by a pool of debt, primarily senior secured leveraged loans. Collateralized loan obligations are similar to collateralized mortgage obligations, except for the different type of underlying loan. With a collateralized loan obligation, the investor receives scheduled loan or debt payments from the underlying loans, assuming most of the risk in the event borrowers default, but is offered greater diversity and the potential for higher-than-average returns.

Commercial real estate (CRE): Property intended to generate profit from capital gains or rental income. CRE loans are term loans secured by commercial and multifamily properties. We seek CRE loans with strong competitive positions in major domestic markets, stable cash flows, modest leverage and experienced institutional ownership.

Deposit beta: A measure of how much of an interest rate increase is expected to be passed on to client interest-bearing accounts, on average.

Depot bank: A German term, specified by the country's law on investment companies, which essentially corresponds to 'custodian'.

Doubtful: Doubtful loans and leases meet the same definition of substandard loans and leases (i.e., well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize repayment with the possibility that we will sustain some loss) with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.

Economic value of equity: A measure designed to estimate the fair value of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments based on a discounted cash flow model.

Exchange-Traded Fund: A type of exchange-traded investment product that offer investors a way to pool their money in a fund that makes investments in stocks, bonds, or other assets and, in return, to receive an interest in that investment pool. ETF shares are traded on a national stock exchange and at market prices that may or may not be the same as the net asset value.

Exposure-at-default: A measure used in the calculation of regulatory capital under Basel III final rule. It can be defined as the expected amount of loss a bank may be exposed to upon default of an obligor.

Global systemically important bank: A financial institution whose distress or disorderly failure, because of its size, complexity and systemic interconnectedness, would cause significant disruption to the wider financial system and economic activity, which will be subject to additional capital requirements.

Held-to-maturity investment securities: We classify investments in debt securities as held-to-maturity only if we have the positive intent and ability to hold those securities to maturity. Investments in debt securities classified as held-to-maturity are measured subsequently at amortized cost in the statement of financial position.

High-quality liquid assets: Cash or assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets and are considered unencumbered.

Investment grade: A rating of loans and leases to counterparties with strong credit quality and low expected credit risk and probability of default. It applies to counterparties with a strong capacity to support the timely repayment of any financial commitment.

Liquidity coverage ratio: The ratio of encumbered high-quality liquid assets divided by expected total net cash outflows over a 30-day stress period. A Basel III framework requirement for banks and bank holding companies to measure liquidity, it is designed to ensure that certain banking institutions, including us, maintain a minimum amount of unencumbered HQLA sufficient to withstand the net cash outflow under a hypothetical standardized acute liquidity stress scenario for a 30-day stress period.

Net asset value: The amount of net assets attributable to each share/unit of the fund at a specific date or time.

Net stable funding ratio: The ratio of the amount of available stable funding relative to the amount of required stable funding. This ratio should be equal to at least 100% on an ongoing basis.

Prime services: The securities lending business previously referred to as enhanced custody.

Probability of default: A measure of the likelihood that a credit obligor will enter into default status.

Qualified financial contracts: Securities contracts, commodity contracts, forward contracts, repurchase agreements, swap agreements and any other contract determined by the FDIC to be a qualified financial contract.

Risk-weighted assets: A measurement used to quantify risk inherent in our on and off-balance sheet assets by adjusting the asset value for risk. RWA is used in the calculation of our risk-based capital ratios.

Software-enabled revenue: Includes SaaS, maintenance and support revenue, FIX, brokerage, and value-add services.

Special mention: Loans and leases that consist of counterparties with potential weaknesses that, if uncorrected, may result in deterioration of repayment prospects.

Speculative: Loans and leases that consist of counterparties that face ongoing uncertainties or exposure to business, financial, or economic downturns. However, these counterparties may have financial flexibility or access to financial alternatives, which allow for financial commitments to be met.

Substandard: Loans and leases that consist of counterparties with well-defined weakness that jeopardizes repayment with the possibility we will sustain some loss.

Supplementary leverage ratio: The ratio of our tier 1 capital to our total leverage exposure, which measures our capital adequacy relative to our on and off-balance sheet assets.

Total loss-absorbing capacity: The sum of our tier 1 regulatory capital plus eligible external long-term debt issued by us.

Value-at-Risk: Statistical model used to measure the potential loss in value of a portfolio that could occur in normal markets condition, over a defined holding period, within a certain confidence level.

Variable interest entity: An entity that: (1) lacks enough equity investment at risk to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional financial support from other parties; (2) has equity owners that lack the right to make significant decisions affecting the entity’s operations; and/or (3) has equity owners that do not have an obligation to absorb or the right to receive the entity’s losses or return.

State Street Corporation | 82

PART 2. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table presents the activity under our common share repurchase program for each of the months in the quarter ended March 31, 2025.


(Dollars in millions except per share amounts; shares in thousands)	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under publicly announced program
Period:
January 1 - January 31, 2025	298	$	100.81	298	$	3,670
February 1 - February 28, 2025	706	99.09		706	3,600
March 1 - March 31, 2025	—	—		—	3,600
Total	1,004	$	99.60	1,004	$	3,600

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

A significant portion of the compensation of our executive officers is delivered in the form of deferred equity awards, including deferred stock and performance-based restricted stock unit awards. This compensation design is intended to align executive compensation with the performance experienced by our shareholders. Following the delivery of shares of our common stock under those equity awards, once any applicable service-, time- or performance-based vesting standards have been satisfied, our executive officers from time to time engage in the open-market sale of some of those shares. Our executive officers may also engage from time to time in other transactions involving our securities.

Transactions in our securities by our executive officers are required to be made in accordance with our Securities Trading Policy, which, among other things, requires that the transactions be in accordance with applicable U.S. federal securities laws that prohibit trading while in possession of material nonpublic information. Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables prearranged transactions in securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of material nonpublic information. Our Securities Trading Policy permits our executive officers to enter into trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1.

The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the sale or purchase of our securities adopted by executive officers during the first quarter of 2025, which are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c), referred to as a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

Name and Title

Date of Adoption of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan

Scheduled Expiration Date of Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan(1)

Aggregate Number of Securities to Be Purchased or Sold

Kathryn M. Horgan

Executive Vice President

2/26/2025

5/29/2026

Sale of up to 11,120 shares of common stock in transactions during 2025 and 2026

Ronald O'Hanley

Irrevocable Trust(2)

2/27/2025

8/15/2025

Sale of up to 82,350 shares of common stock in transactions during 2025

(1) A trading plan may also expire on such earlier date as all transactions under the trading plan are completed.

(2) A trust for which the shares of State Street common stock held by it are deemed, under applicable SEC rules, to be indirectly beneficially owned by Ronald O'Hanley, our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. O'Hanley disclaims ownership of those shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

During the first quarter of 2025, none of our other executive officers or directors adopted Rule 10b5-1 trading plans and none of our directors or executive officers terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

State Street Corporation | 83

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description




Note: None of the instruments defining the rights of holders of State Street’s outstanding long-term debt are in respect of indebtedness in excess of 10% of the total assets of State Street and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. State Street hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC upon request a copy of any other instrument with respect to long-term debt of State Street and its subsidiaries.















	10.1†	Forms of award agreement under State Street's Amended and Restated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan

	10.2 †	Supplemental Cash Incentive Plan, as amended, First and Second Amendments thereto, and form of award agreement thereunder

	10.3 †	Pension Plan for the Employees of State Street GmbH Munich and letter agreements entered into with Joerg Ambrosius dated January 24, 2011 and March 25, 2019

	15	Acknowledgment Letter of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm





	31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

	31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Executive Vice President and Interim Chief Financial Officer

	32	Section 1350 Certifications

	101.INS	The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document

*	101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

*	101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

*	101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*	101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

*	101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

*	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included within the Exhibit 101 attachments)




†						Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
*						Submitted electronically herewith

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) consolidated statement of income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (ii) consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (iii) consolidated statement of condition as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, (iv) consolidated statement of changes in shareholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (v) consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and (vi) condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

State Street Corporation | 84

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

STATE STREET CORPORATION

(Registrant)

Date:

May 1, 2025

By:

/s/ MARK R. KEATING

Mark R. Keating,

Executive Vice President and Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date:

May 1, 2025

By:

/s/ ELIZABETH M. SCHAEFER

Elizabeth M. Schaefer,

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

State Street Corporation | 85

State Street Corporation - 10-Q quarterly report FY2025 Q1

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