Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
or
☐
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File Number 000-23423
C&F FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
54-1680165
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3600 La Grange Parkway Toano, VA
23168
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(804) 843-2360
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share
CFFI
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
At August 8, 2025, the latest practicable date for determination, 3,238,301 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value, of the registrant were outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - Financial Information
Page
Item 1.
Financial Statements
3
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) –June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) – Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) – Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
5
Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) – Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) –Six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
8
Notes to Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
9
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
41
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
73
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
75
PART II - Other Information
76
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 5.
Other Information
Item 6.
Exhibits
77
Signatures
78
2
Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
C&F FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
June 30,
December 31,
2025
2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks
$
17,906
16,163
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks
62,289
49,423
Total cash and cash equivalents
80,195
65,586
Securities—available for sale at fair value, amortized cost of $459,702 and $448,616, respectively
434,506
418,625
Loans held for sale, at fair value
44,757
20,112
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $39,578 and $40,087, respectively
1,952,087
1,880,311
Restricted stock, at cost
4,250
3,592
Corporate premises and equipment, net
39,329
40,118
Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance of $215 and $215, respectively
1,316
Accrued interest receivable
10,934
10,592
Goodwill
25,191
Other intangible assets, net
1,022
1,147
Bank-owned life insurance
21,426
21,191
Net deferred tax asset
16,877
17,719
Other assets
54,502
57,874
Total assets
2,686,392
2,563,374
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
555,759
526,069
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits
857,613
826,462
Time deposits
842,942
818,329
Total deposits
2,256,314
2,170,860
Short-term borrowings
42,642
28,994
Long-term borrowings
78,018
68,158
Trust preferred capital notes
25,475
25,457
Accrued interest payable
4,072
4,403
Other liabilities
38,955
38,532
Total liabilities
2,445,476
2,336,404
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 11)
Equity
Common stock ($1.00 par value, 8,000,000 shares authorized, 3,238,085 and 3,233,672 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, includes 108,498 and 119,778 of unvested shares, respectively)
3,130
3,114
Additional paid-in capital
588
36
Retained earnings
257,896
247,814
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net
(21,301)
(24,604)
Equity attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
240,313
226,360
Noncontrolling interest
603
610
Total equity
240,916
226,970
Total liabilities and equity
See notes to consolidated interim financial statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans
33,716
31,407
66,098
60,993
Interest on interest-bearing deposits in other banks
413
163
915
422
Interest and dividends on securities
U.S. treasury, government agencies and corporations
278
434
567
1,036
Mortgage-backed securities
1,533
927
2,927
1,813
Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions
953
885
1,864
1,768
Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions
197
184
392
368
Corporate and other
317
312
632
620
Total interest income
37,407
34,312
73,395
67,020
Interest expense
Savings and interest-bearing deposits
2,006
1,550
3,811
3,164
7,547
7,700
15,511
14,616
Borrowings
988
940
1,847
1,662
358
294
708
592
Total interest expense
10,899
10,484
21,877
20,034
Net interest income
26,508
23,828
51,518
46,986
Provision for credit losses
2,100
2,550
5,100
6,050
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
24,408
21,278
46,418
40,936
Noninterest income
Gains on sales of loans
2,458
1,701
4,305
2,989
Interchange income
1,621
1,572
3,096
3,047
Service charges on deposit accounts
1,050
2,012
2,097
Investment income from other equity interests
127
170
334
337
Mortgage banking fee income
888
622
1,458
1,101
Wealth management services income, net
756
714
1,488
1,445
Mortgage lender services income
762
499
1,298
1,002
Other service charges and fees
551
423
1,049
819
Other income (loss), net
1,663
573
2,381
1,979
Total noninterest income
9,848
7,324
17,421
14,816
Noninterest expenses
Salaries and employee benefits
14,846
13,452
28,329
27,704
Occupancy
2,099
2,063
4,292
4,195
Data processing
2,963
5,855
5,792
Professional fees
1,001
884
1,922
1,799
Insurance expense
416
409
907
815
Marketing and advertising expenses
549
316
1,078
484
Loan processing and collection expenses
745
675
1,428
1,303
Other
1,985
1,611
3,878
3,431
Total noninterest expenses
24,630
22,373
47,689
45,523
Income before income taxes
9,626
6,229
16,150
10,229
Income tax expense
1,859
1,195
2,988
1,760
Net income
7,767
5,034
13,162
8,469
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
27
103
61
Net income attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
7,691
5,007
13,059
8,408
Net income per share - basic and diluted
2.37
1.50
4.03
2.50
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Securities available for sale
(822)
1,629
3,788
(437)
Defined benefit plan
—
(9)
16
Cash flow hedges
(188)
(68)
(476)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(1,010)
1,570
3,303
(412)
Comprehensive income
6,757
6,604
16,465
8,057
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
Comprehensive income attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
6,681
6,577
16,362
7,996
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024
Attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
Accumulated
Additional
Common
Paid - In
Retained
Comprehensive
Noncontrolling
Total
Stock
Capital
Earnings
Loss, Net
Interest
Balance March 31, 2025
3,123
108
251,694
(20,291)
637
235,271
Comprehensive income:
Other comprehensive loss
Share-based compensation
455
Restricted stock vested
7
(7)
Common stock issued
1
42
Common stock purchased
(1)
(10)
Cash dividends declared ($0.46 per share)
(1,489)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest
(110)
Balance June 30, 2025
Balance March 31, 2024
3,246
6,084
235,679
(28,669)
609
216,949
Other comprehensive income
463
(6)
49
50
(79)
(3,433)
(3,512)
Cash dividends declared ($0.44 per share)
(1,455)
Balance June 30, 2024
3,174
3,157
239,231
(27,099)
636
219,099
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024
Balance December 31, 2024
916
20
(20)
86
88
(430)
(436)
Cash dividends declared ($0.92 per share)
(2,977)
Balance December 31, 2023
3,238
6,567
233,760
(26,687)
638
217,516
973
32
(32)
94
96
(98)
(4,445)
(4,543)
Cash dividends declared ($0.88 per share)
(2,937)
(63)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Accretion of certain acquisition-related discounts, net
(199)
(298)
Depreciation and amortization
1,984
1,896
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities, net
(88)
769
Reversal of provision for indemnifications
(60)
(275)
Income from bank-owned life insurance
(212)
(215)
Pension expense
359
451
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
306,756
223,410
Origination of loans held for sale
(326,348)
(239,259)
Gains on sales of loans held for sale
(4,305)
(2,989)
Other gains, net
48
64
Change in other assets and liabilities:
(342)
(118)
2,308
872
(331)
1,177
1,613
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(1,177)
2,590
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales, maturities and calls of securities available for sale and payments on mortgage-backed securities
31,333
72,896
Purchases of securities available for sale
(42,331)
(16,532)
Purchases of time deposits, net
(254)
736
Repayments on loans held for investment by non-bank affiliates
82,921
84,998
Purchases of loans held for investment by non-bank affiliates
(83,286)
(93,840)
Net increase in community banking loans held for investment
(76,490)
(118,986)
Purchases of corporate premises and equipment
(833)
(1,024)
Other investing activities, net
(672)
(470)
Net cash used in investing activities
(89,612)
(72,222)
Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in demand and savings deposits
60,841
(70,533)
Net increase in time deposits
24,613
110,465
Net decrease in short-term borrowings
(8,352)
(33,174)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
52,000
40,000
Repayments of long-term borrowings
(20,000)
Repurchases of common stock
Cash dividends paid
Other financing activities, net
(291)
(139)
Net cash provided by financing activities
105,398
39,139
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
14,609
(30,493)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
75,159
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
44,666
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid
22,190
18,839
Income taxes paid
2,113
22
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Liabilities assumed to acquire right of use assets at lease commencement
190
2,481
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and with applicable quarterly reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). They do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the C&F Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (2024 Annual Report). The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to GAAP and to predominant practices within the banking industry and are primarily disclosed in the 2024 Annual Report.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C&F Financial Corporation (the Corporation), its direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Citizens and Farmers Bank (the Bank or C&F Bank), and indirect subsidiaries that are wholly-owned or controlled. Subsidiaries that are less than wholly owned are fully consolidated if they are controlled by the Corporation or one of its subsidiaries, and the portion of any subsidiary not owned by the Corporation is reported as noncontrolling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Corporation owns all of the common stock of C&F Financial Statutory Trust I, C&F Financial Statutory Trust II, and Central Virginia Bankshares Statutory Trust I, all of which are unconsolidated subsidiaries. The subordinated debt owed to these trusts is reported as liabilities of the Corporation.
Nature of Operations: The Corporation is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Corporation owns all of the stock of its subsidiary, C&F Bank, which is an independent commercial bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
C&F Bank has five wholly-owned subsidiaries: C&F Mortgage Corporation (C&F Mortgage), C&F Finance Company (C&F Finance), C&F Wealth Management Corporation (C&F Wealth Management), C&F Insurance Services, Inc. (C&F Insurance), and CVB Title Services, Inc. (CVB Title), all incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. C&F Mortgage, organized in September 1995, originates and sells residential mortgages, provides mortgage loan origination services to third-party lenders and, through its subsidiary Certified Appraisals LLC, provides ancillary mortgage loan production services for residential appraisals. C&F Mortgage owns a 51 percent interest in C&F Select LLC, which was organized in January 2019 and is also engaged in the business of originating and selling residential mortgages. C&F Finance, acquired in September 2002, is a finance company purchasing automobile, marine and recreational vehicle (RV) loans through indirect lending programs. C&F Wealth Management, organized in April 1995, is a full-service brokerage firm offering a comprehensive range of wealth management services through third-party service providers. C&F Insurance and CVB Title were organized for the primary purpose of owning equity interests in an independent insurance agency and a full service title and settlement agency, respectively. Business segment data is presented in Note 10.
Basis of Presentation: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and evaluation of goodwill for impairment. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made.
Reclassification: Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. None of these reclassifications are considered material.
Subordinated Notes: On June 6, 2025, the Corporation completed the issuance of $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes due 2035 (the Notes) in a private placement transaction. The Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% for five years and at the then current three-month SOFR plus 388.5 basis points thereafter. Concurrently with the issuance, the Corporation repurchased its $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2030 (the 2030 Notes). The 2030 Notes were repurchased at a price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued but unpaid interest, to but excluding the repurchase date. The 2030 Notes were to move from a fixed rate of 4.875% to a floating rate at the then current three-month SOFR plus 475.5 basis points during the third quarter of 2025.
Recent Significant Accounting Pronouncements: In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2023-09 require that a public entity disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes, and the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or granter than five percent of total income taxes paid. The amendments also require that entities disclose income from continuing operations before income tax expense disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The amendments apply to all public entities that are subject to Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” and are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments are to be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2024-03 require disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. Such disclosures must be made on an annual and interim basis in a tabular format in the footnotes to the financial statements. The amendments require companies to disclose disaggregated information about specific natural expense categories that are considered relevant and applicable, including (1) purchases of inventory, (2) employee compensation, (3) depreciation, (4) intangible asset amortization, and (5) oil and gas activities. The amendments also provide clarification regarding identifying relevant expenses captions and requires disclosure of selling expenses on an annual and interim basis. Entities are required to apply the guidance in ASU 2024-03 consistently for all periods presented and is effective for all public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments are to be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-03 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not currently expected to have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
10
NOTE 2: Securities
The Corporation’s debt securities, all of which are classified as available for sale, are summarized in the following tables. The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable, totaling $2.36 million and $2.32 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, from the amortized cost basis of securities.
June 30, 2025
Gross
Amortized
Unrealized
Cost
Gains
Losses
Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities
4,990
(192)
4,798
U.S. government agencies and corporations
67,774
(6,516)
61,258
212,941
349
(11,757)
201,533
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
150,247
257
(5,764)
144,740
Corporate and other debt securities
23,750
12
(1,585)
22,177
459,702
618
(25,814)
December 31, 2024
10,985
(285)
10,700
68,772
(8,113)
60,659
197,923
69
(15,556)
182,436
147,532
691
(4,613)
143,610
23,404
29
(2,213)
21,220
448,616
789
(30,780)
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at June 30, 2025, by the earlier of contractual maturity or expected maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Due in one year or less
71,670
69,510
Due after one year through five years
187,528
176,739
Due after five years through ten years
126,996
118,560
Due after ten years
73,508
69,697
11
The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on and the proceeds from the sales, maturities and calls of securities. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no sales of securities.
Realized gains from sales, maturities and calls of securities:
Gross realized gains
Gross realized losses
Net realized losses
Proceeds from sales, maturities, calls and paydowns of securities
14,157
35,572
The Corporation pledges securities primarily to secure municipal deposits, repurchase agreements and lines of credit that provide liquidity to the Corporation and C&F Bank. Securities with an aggregate amortized cost of $152.14 million and an aggregate fair value of $141.01 million were pledged at June 30, 2025. Securities with an aggregate amortized cost of $212.92 million and an aggregate fair value of $196.10 million were pledged at December 31, 2024.
Securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025, by duration of the period of the unrealized loss, are shown below.
Less Than 12 Months
12 Months or More
Fair
Value
Loss
192
6,516
57,111
1,112
112,751
10,645
169,862
11,757
49,939
1,780
59,579
3,984
109,518
5,764
489
18,427
1,573
18,916
1,585
107,539
2,904
256,813
22,910
364,352
25,814
There were 598 debt securities with a fair value below the amortized cost basis, totaling $364.35 million of aggregate fair value as of June 30, 2025. The Corporation concluded that a credit loss did not exist in its securities portfolio at June 30, 2025, and no allowance for credit losses has been recognized based on the fact that (1) changes in fair value were caused primarily by fluctuations in interest rates or other market factors, such as changes in demand, (2) securities with unrealized losses had generally high credit quality, (3) the Corporation intends to hold these investments in debt securities to maturity and it is more-likely-than-not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these investments before a recovery of its investment, and (4) issuers have continued to make timely payments of principal and interest. Additionally, the Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities are entirely issued by either U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. Collectively, these entities provide a guarantee, which is either explicitly or implicitly supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, that investors in such mortgage-backed securities will receive timely principal and interest payments.
Securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, by duration of the period of the unrealized loss, are shown below.
285
8,113
53,734
1,253
123,307
14,303
177,041
15,556
31,981
412
66,743
4,201
98,724
4,613
474
26
19,717
2,187
20,191
2,213
86,189
1,691
281,126
29,089
367,315
30,780
The Corporation’s investment in restricted stock totaled $4.25 million at June 30, 2025 and $3.59 million at December 31, 2024 and consisted of Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) stock. Restricted stock is generally viewed as a long-term investment, which is carried at cost because there is no market for the stock other than to be redeemed or repurchased by the FHLB. Therefore, when evaluating restricted stock for impairment, its value is based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than by recognizing any temporary decline in value. The Corporation did not consider its investment in restricted stock to be impaired at June 30, 2025 and no impairment has been recognized.
NOTE 3: Loans
The Corporation’s loans are stated at their face amount, net of deferred fees and costs and discounts, and consist of the classes of loans included in the following table. The Corporation has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable, totaling $8.57 million and $8.27 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, from the recorded balance of loans.
Commercial real estate
763,624
734,182
Commercial business
110,932
104,947
Construction - commercial real estate
141,314
132,717
Land acquisition and development
53,585
46,072
Builder lines
44,758
35,605
Construction - consumer real estate
23,843
18,799
Residential mortgage
313,273
308,809
Equity lines
68,519
62,204
Other consumer
10,427
10,270
Consumer finance - automobiles
397,365
398,651
Consumer finance - marine and recreational vehicles
64,025
68,142
Subtotal
1,991,665
1,920,398
Less allowance for credit losses
(39,578)
(40,087)
Loans, net
Other consumer loans included $260,000 and $255,000 of demand deposit overdrafts at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
13
The following table shows the aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by class, at June 30, 2025.
30-59
60-89
90+
90+ Days
Days
Past Due and
Past Due
Current1
Total Loans
Accruing
150
21
171
763,453
1,651
208
908
2,767
310,506
60
68,459
10,423
14,304
2,292
697
17,293
380,072
266
277
63,748
16,435
2,511
1,626
20,572
1,971,093
82
The table above includes nonaccrual loans that are current of $138,000, 30-59 days past due of $90,000, and 90+ days past due of $1.54 million.
The following table shows the aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by class, at December 31, 2024.
734,156
104,918
747
18,052
1,012
1,076
426
2,514
306,295
85
161
62,043
10,261
14,703
2,650
599
17,952
380,699
215
15
252
67,890
16,826
3,748
1,116
21,690
1,898,708
410
The table above includes nonaccrual loans that are current of $124,000, 30-59 days past due of $117,000 and 90+ days past due of $706,000.
The following table shows the Corporation’s recorded balance of loans on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Corporation recognized $6,000 in interest income on loans on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2025 and had no reversal of interest income upon placing loans on nonaccrual status during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $17,000 in reversals of interest income upon placing consumer loans on nonaccrual status during the six months ended June 30, 2025. All nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 had an allowance for credit losses, with none individually evaluated.
14
1,075
333
1,772
947
Occasionally, the Corporation modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties by providing principal forgiveness, term extensions, interest rate reductions or other-than-insignificant payment delays. As the effect of most modifications is already included in the allowance for credit losses due to the measurement methodologies used in its estimate, the allowance for credit losses is typically not adjusted upon modification. When principal forgiveness is provided at modification, the amount forgiven is charged against the allowance for credit losses. In some cases, the Corporation may provide multiple types of modifications on one loan and when multiple types of modifications occur within the same period, the combination of modifications is separately reported.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
% of Total
Class of
Loans
Term Extension
3,554
0.5
%
Total Term Extension
0.2
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
340
0.1
Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
18
0.0
Total Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
The following tables present the financial effects of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Weighted-
Average
Term
Rate
Extension
Reduction
(in years)
1.1
1.51
6.9
The Corporation closely monitors the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. Upon the determination that all or a portion of a modified loan is uncollectible, that amount is charged against the allowance for credit losses. There were no payment defaults during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 of modified loans that were modified during the previous twelve months and all were current as of June 30, 2025.
NOTE 4: Allowance for Credit Losses
The Corporation conducts an analysis of the collectability of the loan portfolio on a regular basis and uses this analysis to assess the sufficiency of the allowance for credit losses on loans and to determine the necessary provision for credit losses. The Corporation segmented the loan portfolio into three loan portfolios based on common risk characteristics. The Commercial portfolio consists of commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, commercial and consumer real estate construction loans, land acquisition and development loans, and builder lines. The Consumer portfolio consists of residential mortgage loans, equity lines, and other consumer loans. The Consumer Finance portfolio consists of automobile and marine and RV loans.
The following table shows the allowance for credit losses activity by loan portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Consumer
Commercial
Finance
Balance at December 31, 2024
13,347
4,032
22,708
40,087
Provision charged to operations
(324)
174
5,300
5,150
Loans charged off
(116)
(7,719)
(7,855)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
23
2,096
2,196
Balance at June 30, 2025
13,026
4,167
22,385
39,578
Balance at December 31, 2023
12,315
3,758
23,578
39,651
645
255
6,000
(169)
(7,572)
(7,741)
98
2,317
2,433
Balance at June 30, 2024
12,978
3,942
23,423
40,343
The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated.
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loans
2,400
Provision for unfunded commitments
(50)
17
The following table details the recorded balance of the classes of loans within the commercial and consumer loan portfolios by loan rating, which is reviewed on a quarterly basis, and year of origination as of June 30, 2025:
Revolving
Term Loans Recorded Balance by Origination Year
Recorded
Converted
2023
2022
2021
Prior
Balance
to Term1
Commercial real estate:
Loan Rating
Pass
29,902
90,989
104,270
156,431
125,692
256,213
106
763,603
Special Mention
256,234
Commercial business:
5,076
8,983
11,567
14,108
13,278
29,220
28,642
58
Construction - commercial real estate:
4,789
59,352
43,412
27,527
6,234
Land acquisition and development:
4,400
40,501
371
1,320
6,993
Builder lines:
17,760
23,992
1,781
821
404
Construction - consumer real estate:
5,813
18,030
Residential mortgage:
21,688
49,826
54,436
76,148
36,031
73,496
311,625
210
176
Substandard
164
Substandard Nonaccrual
119
848
49,945
55,307
36,241
73,944
Equity lines:
511
67,337
591
68,439
80
671
Other consumer:
2,691
4,146
1,810
1,263
135
338
44
Total:
92,119
295,819
217,276
276,669
176,456
373,409
96,129
649
1,528,526
430
244
295,938
218,147
176,666
373,878
729
1,530,275
The following table details the recorded balance of the classes of loans within the commercial and consumer loan portfolios by loan rating, which is reviewed on a quarterly basis, and year of origination as of December 31, 2024:
2020
91,330
80,445
161,794
131,071
110,055
158,437
110
733,242
159,377
9,425
13,097
14,663
13,954
8,843
22,690
22,206
47,294
55,159
24,320
5,944
33,129
2,653
366
1,323
8,601
30,651
3,120
1,430
16,472
2,327
47,653
58,590
80,991
38,833
34,979
45,831
306,877
890
223
211
1,427
172
125
92
116
47,778
59,480
81,083
39,056
35,082
46,330
628
61,077
62,042
439
5,274
2,384
1,547
132
630
46
281,228
217,775
285,111
185,438
168,614
228,620
83,329
456
1,450,571
1,151
2,443
258
281,353
218,665
285,203
185,661
168,717
230,059
1,453,605
19
The following table details the recorded balance of the classes of loans within the consumer finance loan portfolio by credit rating at the time of origination and year of origination as of June 30, 2025:
to Term
Consumer finance - automobiles:
Credit rating1
Very good
10,963
18,177
8,064
6,128
1,627
265
45,224
Good
23,200
34,163
20,839
23,398
7,018
1,066
109,684
Fairly good
23,863
36,040
28,064
30,152
12,609
2,673
133,401
14,902
22,568
17,953
19,293
9,855
3,447
88,018
Marginal
3,187
4,410
3,604
4,331
3,679
1,827
21,038
76,115
115,358
78,524
83,302
34,788
9,278
Consumer finance - marine and recreational vehicles:
1,277
7,150
5,672
11,594
7,166
10,225
43,084
1,435
4,149
5,883
6,242
1,200
1,584
20,493
194
179
34
448
2,712
11,299
11,749
18,015
8,400
11,850
12,240
25,327
13,736
17,722
8,793
10,490
88,308
24,635
38,312
26,722
29,640
8,218
130,177
28,258
30,331
12,643
2,714
133,849
78,827
126,657
90,273
101,317
43,188
21,128
461,390
The following table details the recorded balance of the classes of loans within the consumer finance loan portfolio by credit rating at the time of origination and year of origination as of December 31, 2024:
22,161
10,039
7,971
2,359
43,033
40,296
25,730
29,455
9,402
1,574
106,791
41,881
34,058
37,486
16,935
3,213
1,602
135,175
25,796
24,379
13,260
3,674
2,194
90,581
5,049
4,383
5,621
4,856
1,681
1,481
23,071
135,183
95,488
104,912
46,812
10,568
5,688
8,124
6,283
12,670
8,003
7,927
3,754
46,761
4,515
6,426
6,832
1,326
1,178
625
20,902
200
183
35
479
12,639
12,909
19,685
9,364
9,132
4,413
30,285
16,322
20,641
10,362
8,353
3,831
89,794
44,811
32,156
36,287
10,728
2,752
959
127,693
34,258
37,669
16,970
3,240
1,636
135,654
147,822
108,397
124,597
56,176
19,700
10,101
466,793
The following table details the current period gross charge-offs of loans by year of origination for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Current Period Gross Charge-offs by Origination Year
Other consumer1
71
1,238
1,968
2,777
1,062
350
7,466
56
152
253
173
1,304
2,929
1,082
382
7,855
The following table details the current period gross charge-offs of loans by year of origination for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
147
166
1,370
3,383
1,846
405
7,394
40
178
228
1,421
3,491
1,854
339
408
7,741
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had no collateral dependent loans for which repayment was expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.
NOTE 5: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill was $25.19 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There were no changes in the recorded balance of goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.
The Corporation had $1.02 million and $1.15 million of other intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Other intangible assets were recognized in connection with the core deposits acquired from Peoples Bankshares, Incorporated in 2020 and customer relationships acquired by C&F Wealth Management in 2016.
The following table summarizes the gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets.
Carrying
Amount
Amortization
Amortizable intangible assets:
Core deposit intangibles
1,711
(751)
(700)
Other amortizable intangibles
1,405
(1,343)
(1,269)
3,116
(2,094)
(1,969)
Amortization expense was $62,000 and $65,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $125,000 and $130,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 6: Equity, Other Comprehensive Income and Earnings Per Share
Equity and Noncontrolling Interest
The Board of Directors authorized a program, effective January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025, to repurchase up to $5.0 million of the Corporation’s common stock (the 2025 Repurchase Program). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation did not repurchase any of its common stock under the 2025 Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2025, there was $5.0 million remaining available for repurchases of the Corporation’s common stock under the 2025 Repurchase Program. The Corporation’s previous share repurchase program (the 2024 Repurchase Program), which was authorized by the Board of Directors in December 2023, expired on December 31, 2024. Under the 2024 Repurchase
Program, the Corporation repurchased $3.51 million and $4.03 million of its common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation withheld 5,502 shares and 9,192 shares of its common stock, respectively, from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon vesting of restricted stock.
Noncontrolling interest represents an ownership interest in C&F Select LLC, a subsidiary of C&F Mortgage, held by an unrelated investor.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Securities
Defined
Cash
Available
Benefit
Flow
For Sale
Plan
Hedges
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at March 31, 2025
(19,083)
(1,806)
598
Other comprehensive loss arising during the period
(1,040)
(272)
(1,312)
Related income tax effects
218
70
288
(202)
Reclassifications into net income
(5)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2025
(19,905)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at March 31, 2024
(27,068)
(2,745)
1,144
Other comprehensive income (loss) arising during the period
2,062
(89)
1,973
(433)
(410)
(66)
1,563
(2)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at June 30, 2024
(25,439)
(2,736)
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2024
(23,693)
(1,797)
886
4,795
(659)
4,136
(1,007)
(837)
(489)
3,299
(11)
(4)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at December 31, 2023
(25,002)
(2,752)
1,067
Other comprehensive (loss) income arising during the period
(553)
(536)
112
(424)
(3)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
24
The following table provides information regarding reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Line Item In the Consolidated
Statements of Income
Defined benefit plan:1
Reclassification of recognized net actuarial losses into net income
(18)
(27)
(23)
(54)
Noninterest expenses - Other
Amortization of prior service credit into net income
(16)
Net of tax
Cash flow hedges:
Amortization of hedging gains into net income
(19)
(17)
Interest expense - Trust preferred capital notes
(14)
(13)
(12)
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
The components of the Corporation’s EPS calculations are as follows:
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic and diluted
3,238,765
3,343,192
3,236,849
3,357,063
The Corporation has applied the two-class method of computing basic and diluted EPS for each period presented because the Corporation’s unvested restricted shares outstanding contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends equal to dividends on the Corporation’s common stock. Accordingly, the weighted average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS includes both vested and unvested shares outstanding.
25
NOTE 7: Share-Based Plans
Under the 2022 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan the Corporation is permitted to award, and previously under the 2013 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan until April 19, 2022, the Corporation was permitted to award, shares of restricted stock to certain key employees, non-employee directors and consultants. Restricted shares awarded to employees generally vest over periods up to five years, and restricted shares awarded to non-employee directors generally vest over periods up to three years. A summary of the activity for restricted stock awards for the periods indicated is presented below:
Grant Date
Shares
Unvested, December 31, 2024
119,778
54.56
Granted
12,800
76.99
Vested
(19,975)
47.54
Forfeited
(4,105)
57.77
Unvested, June 30, 2025
108,498
58.38
Unvested, December 31, 2023
135,694
52.13
17,775
45.75
(31,681)
49.08
(1,400)
53.60
Unvested, June 30, 2024
120,388
52.12
The fair value of shares that vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were $430,000 and $1.45 million, respectively, and were $199,000 and $1.66 million, respectively, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Compensation is accounted for using the fair value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date the restricted shares are awarded. Compensation expense, net of forfeitures, is charged to income ratably over the required service periods and was $456,000 ($316,000 after income taxes) and $916,000 ($587,000 after income taxes) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Compensation expense, net of forfeitures, was $463,000 ($354,000 after income taxes) and $973,000 ($667,000 after income taxes) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, there was $3.48 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock granted under the plans, which is expected to be recognized through 2029, with a weighted-average remaining service period of 2.6 years.
NOTE 8: Employee Benefit Plans
The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost for the Bank’s non-contributory cash balance pension plan.
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost, included in salaries and employee benefits
314
660
737
Other components of net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost
214
432
379
Expected return on plan assets
(353)
(344)
(722)
(685)
Amortization of prior service credit
(34)
Recognized net actuarial losses
54
Other components of net periodic benefit cost, included in other noninterest expense
(138)
(143)
(301)
(286)
Net periodic benefit cost
225
NOTE 9: Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP requires that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels. Based on the underlying inputs, each fair value measurement in its entirety is reported in one of the three levels. These levels are:
GAAP allows an entity the irrevocable option to elect fair value (the fair value option) for the initial and subsequent measurement for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Corporation has elected to use fair value accounting for its entire portfolio of loans held for sale (LHFS).
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following describes the valuation techniques and inputs used by the Corporation in determining the fair value of certain assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements.
Securities available for sale. The Corporation primarily values its investment portfolio using Level 2 fair value measurements, but may also use Level 1 or Level 3 measurements if required by the composition of the portfolio. At
June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation’s entire securities portfolio was comprised of investments in debt securities classified as available for sale, which were valued using Level 2 fair value measurements. The Corporation has contracted with third party portfolio accounting service vendors for valuation of its securities portfolio. The vendors’ sources for security valuation are ICE Data Services (ICE), LSEG, and Bloomberg Valuation Service (BVAL). Each source provides opinions, known as evaluated prices, as to the value of individual securities based on model-based pricing techniques that are partially based on available market data, including prices for similar instruments in active markets and prices for identical assets in markets that are not active. ICE provides evaluated prices for the Corporation’s obligations of states and political subdivisions category of securities. ICE uses proprietary pricing models and pricing systems, mathematical tools and judgment to determine an evaluated price for a security based upon a hierarchy of market information regarding that security or securities with similar characteristics. LSEG and BVAL provide evaluated prices for the Corporation’s U.S. treasury, government agencies and corporations, mortgage-backed, and corporate categories of securities. U.S. treasury securities and fixed-rate callable securities of U.S. government agencies and corporations are individually evaluated on an option adjusted spread basis for callable issues or on a nominal spread basis incorporating the term structure of agency market spreads and the appropriate risk free benchmark curve for non-callable issues. Pass-through mortgage-backed securities (MBS) in the mortgage-backed category are grouped into aggregate categories defined by issuer program, weighted average coupon, and weighted average maturity. Each aggregate category is benchmarked to relative to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities (TBA securities) or other benchmark prices. TBA securities prices are obtained from market makers and live trading systems. Collateralized mortgage obligations in the mortgage-backed category are individually evaluated based upon a hierarchy of security specific information and market data regarding that security or securities with similar characteristics. Each evaluation is determined using an option adjusted spread and prepayment model based on volatility-driven, multi-dimensional spread tables. Fixed-rate securities issued by the Small Business Association in the mortgage-backed category are individually evaluated based upon a hierarchy of security specific information and market data regarding that security or securities with similar characteristics.
Other investments. The Corporation holds equity investments in funds that provide debt and equity financing to small businesses. These investments are recorded at fair value and included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income. The funds are managed by investment companies, and the net asset value of each fund is reported regularly by the investment companies. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the combined fair value of these investments was $1.69 million and $1.66 million, respectively. These investments, measured at net asset value, are not presented in the tables below related to fair value measurements. Changes in fair value of these investments resulted in the recognition of unrealized gains of $12,000 and $71,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and unrealized gains of $78,000 and $98,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
The Corporation also holds certain equity investments consisting of equity interests in an independent insurance agency and a full service title and settlement agency (collectively, the agencies). These investments are subject to contractual sale restrictions that only permit the sale of the investments back to the agencies themselves. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of these investments was $4.09 million and $4.17 million, respectively. These investments are recorded at fair value based on the contractual redemption value of the Corporation’s proportionate share of the agencies’ equity. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income and resulted in the recognition of unrealized gains of $116,000 and $264,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and resulted in the recognition of unrealized gains of $92,000 and $240,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The Corporation’s investments in these agencies are classified as Level 2.
Loans held for sale. Fair value of the Corporation’s LHFS is based on observable market prices for similar instruments traded in the secondary mortgage loan markets in which the Corporation conducts business. The Corporation’s portfolio of LHFS is classified as Level 2.
Derivative asset - IRLCs. The Corporation recognizes IRLCs at fair value. Fair value of IRLCs is based on either (i) the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis or (ii) the observable price for individual loans traded in the secondary market for loans that will be delivered on a mandatory basis. All of the Corporation’s IRLCs are classified as Level 2.
28
Rabbi trust assets. The Corporation’s rabbi trust holds assets intended to be used to fund the liability associated with its deferred compensation plan. The assets held by the rabbi trust are invested at the direction of the individual participants, generally in marketable investment securities such as common stocks and mutual funds or short-term investments (e.g., cash), and are measured at fair value. Rabbi trust assets and the associated deferred compensation plan liability are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation’s rabbi trust assets are classified as Level 1.
Derivative asset/liability – interest rate swaps on loans. The Corporation recognizes interest rate swaps at fair value. The Corporation has contracted with a third party vendor to provide valuations for these interest rate swaps using the discounted cash flow method. All of the Corporation’s interest rate swaps on loans are classified as Level 2.
Derivative asset/liability – cash flow hedges. The Corporation recognizes cash flow hedges at fair value. The Corporation has contracted with a third party vendor to provide valuations for these cash flow hedges using the discounted cash flow method. All of the Corporation’s cash flow hedges are classified as Level 2.
The following table presents the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of forward sales of mortgage loans were not material to the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Fair Value Measurements Classified as
Assets/Liabilities at
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Assets:
Total securities available for sale
Loans held for sale
Other investments
4,090
Rabbi trust assets
16,431
Derivatives
IRLC
763
Interest rate swaps on loans
3,035
750
487,901
504,332
Liabilities:
219
3,254
15,574
585
4,636
1,169
449,294
464,868
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Corporation may be required, from time to time, to measure and recognize certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. The following describes the valuation techniques and inputs used by the Corporation in determining the fair value of certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements.
OREO. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, OREO was comprised of a property previously used by the Bank as a branch, which was consolidated into a nearby branch in 2024. OREO is held for sale and initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Initial fair value is based upon appraisals the Corporation obtains from independent licensed appraisers or recent sales of similar properties and general market conditions. Subsequently, management periodically performs valuations of the assets based on updated appraisals, general market conditions, recent sales of similar properties, length of time the properties have been held, and our ability and intent with regard to continued ownership of the properties. The Corporation may incur additional write-downs of OREO to fair value less estimated costs to sell if valuations indicate a further deterioration in market conditions. As such, the Corporation records OREO as a nonrecurring fair value measurement classified as Level 3.
30
The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Assets at Fair
Other real estate owned, net
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Corporation. The Corporation uses the exit price notion in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The following tables reflect the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments whether or not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.
Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2025 Classified as
Total Fair
Financial assets:
Cash and short-term investments
81,716
1,521
1,929,466
Financial liabilities:
Demand and savings deposits
1,413,372
842,287
138,117
133,036
31
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Classified as
66,853
1,265
66,851
1,838,887
1,352,531
819,276
114,440
105,533
NOTE 10: Business Segments
The Corporation operates in a decentralized fashion in three business segments: community banking, mortgage banking and consumer finance. The community banking segment comprises C&F Bank, C&F Wealth Management, C&F Insurance and CVB Title. Revenues from community banking operations consist primarily of net interest income related to investments in loans and securities and outstanding deposits and borrowings, fees earned on deposit accounts, debit card interchange activity, and net revenues from offering wealth management services through third-party service providers. Through C&F Mortgage, mortgage banking operating revenues consist principally of gains on sales of loans in the secondary market, mortgage banking fee income related to loan originations, fees earned by providing mortgage loan origination functions to third-party lenders, and net interest income on mortgage loans held for sale. Revenues from consumer finance operations through C&F Finance consist primarily of net interest income earned on purchased retail installment sales contracts.
The standalone Corporation’s revenues and expenses are comprised primarily of interest expense associated with the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes and subordinated debt, general corporate expenses, and changes in the value of investments held in the rabbi trust and the deferred compensation liability related to its nonqualified deferred compensation plan. The results of the Corporation, which includes funding and operating costs that are not allocated to the business segments, are included in the column labeled “Other” in the tables below.
The Corporation’s chief operating decision makers (CODMs) are the President/Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The CODMs use net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segments or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results. The CODMs also use net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking to the Corporation’s competitors. The competitive analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing performance of the segments and in establishing management’s compensation.
Interest expense is allocated to the mortgage banking and consumer finance segments through borrowings from the community banking segment. The community banking segment extends two warehouse lines of credit to the mortgage banking segment, providing a portion of the funds needed to originate mortgage loans, that carry interest rates at the daily FHLB advance rate plus a spread ranging from 50 basis points to 175 basis points. The community banking segment also
provides the consumer finance segment with a portion of the funds needed to purchase loan contracts by means of a variable rate line of credit that carries interest at one-month term SOFR plus 211.5 basis points, with a floor of 3.5 percent and a ceiling of 6.0 percent, and fixed rate notes that carry interest at rates ranging from 3.8 percent to 4.0 percent. The community banking segment acquires certain residential real estate loans from the mortgage banking segment at prices similar to those paid by third-party investors. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals. In addition to unallocated expenses recorded by the holding company, certain overhead costs are incurred by the community banking segment and are not allocated to the mortgage banking and consumer finance segments.
Community
Mortgage
Banking
Eliminations
Consolidated
24,378
732
12,144
153
10,143
Net interest income before allocation
14,235
(756)
Net interest allocation1
6,110
(374)
(5,736)
20,345
6,408
Gain on sales of loans
2,573
(115)
Other noninterest income
4,378
1,700
149
1,225
(62)
7,390
Net revenue
24,723
4,631
6,557
469
(24)
36,356
(300)
9,421
1,971
2,018
1,436
Occupancy expense
1,669
290
140
2,300
321
680
67
345
37
415
327
Provision for indemnifications
(35)
Other segment items2
1,419
181
364
74
2,020
Total noninterest expense
16,275
3,321
3,413
1,639
Income (loss) before taxes
8,748
1,310
744
(1,170)
Income tax expense (benefit)
1,632
325
205
(302)
Net income (loss)
7,116
985
539
(868)
Other data:
Capital expenditures
482
84
566
878
39
79
996
33
21,297
533
12,383
99
9,941
543
11,356
(543)
6,138
(244)
(5,894)
17,494
289
6,489
1,863
(162)
4,165
1,192
226
5,623
21,659
3,344
6,715
(142)
31,152
450
9,117
1,964
2,037
1,673
235
155
2,365
247
343
700
63
101
53
250
372
(135)
1,187
136
1,746
15,650
2,840
3,385
512
5,559
504
1,230
(936)
(128)
128
336
(232)
(25)
4,571
376
894
(704)
(103)
523
855
47,762
1,071
24,267
295
20,524
1,353
27,238
(1,353)
11,864
(446)
(11,418)
39,102
12,849
4,558
(253)
8,608
2,836
326
1,447
(101)
13,116
47,710
8,019
13,175
(59)
68,939
(200)
18,700
3,763
3,995
1,871
3,499
503
4,642
584
611
1,404
93
199
761
799
68
557
803
2,634
800
3,938
32,507
6,130
6,818
2,269
15,403
1,889
1,057
(2,175)
2,842
473
292
(614)
12,561
1,416
765
(1,561)
718
115
833
1,753
72
159
41,619
814
18,946
1,088
22,673
(1,088)
11,985
(288)
(11,697)
34,658
526
12,711
(355)
8,275
2,240
481
11,827
42,933
13,192
(129)
(304)
61,802
950
18,560
3,563
4,181
1,400
3,416
467
4,596
487
683
1,409
687
256
206
768
2,541
241
751
203
(30)
3,706
31,566
5,213
6,945
1,829
10,417
897
(1,958)
(274)
1,834
227
(560)
(57)
8,583
670
831
(1,398)
(217)
816
97
111
1,024
1,693
169
At June 30, 2025:
2,575,261
56,331
467,862
26,431
(439,493)
Total loans held for investment, net
1,508,835
439,005
4,247
Total loans held for sale
49,036
(4,279)
2,266,392
(10,078)
At December 31, 2024:
2,449,641
29,837
472,672
31,823
(420,599)
1,434,446
444,085
21,906
(1,794)
2,186,139
(15,279)
NOTE 11: Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers, including loan commitments and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. Collateral is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer.
Loan commitments are agreements to extend credit to a customer provided that there are no violations of the terms of the contract prior to funding. Commitments have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee by the customer. Because many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of loan commitments at the Bank was $456.15 million at June 30, 2025 and $469.77 million at December 31, 2024, which does not include IRLCs at the mortgage banking segment, which are discussed in Note 12. Off balance sheet credit exposures, including loan commitments, are not recorded on balance sheet, but expected credit losses arising from off balance sheet credit exposures are recorded as a reserve for unfunded commitments and reported in Other Liabilities. The following table presents the Corporation’s reserve for unfunded commitments for the periods indicated.
Balance at the beginning of period
1,750
1,800
1,650
Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The total contract amount of standby letters of credit, whose contract amounts represent credit risk, was $20.99 million at June 30, 2025 and $18.79 million at December 31, 2024.
The mortgage banking segment sells the majority of the residential mortgage loans it originates to third-party investors. Additionally, the community banking segment purchases residential mortgage loans from the mortgage banking segment under terms and conditions similar to third-party investors. As is customary in the industry, the agreements with these investors require the mortgage banking segment to extend representations and warranties with respect to program compliance, borrower misrepresentation, fraud, and early payment performance. Under the agreements, the investors are entitled to make loss claims and repurchase requests of the mortgage banking segment for loans that contain covered deficiencies. The mortgage banking segment has obtained early payment default recourse waivers for a portion of its business. Recourse periods for early payment default for the remaining investors vary from 90 days up to one year. Recourse periods for borrower misrepresentation or fraud, or underwriting error do not have a stated time limit. The mortgage banking segment maintains an allowance for indemnifications that represents management’s estimate of losses that are probable of arising under these recourse provisions. As performance data for loans that have been sold is not made available to the mortgage banking segment by the investors, the estimate of potential losses is inherently subjective and is based on historical indemnification payments and management’s assessment of current conditions that may contribute to indemnified losses on mortgage loans that have been sold in the secondary market. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation recorded a net reversal of provision for indemnifications of $35,000 and $60,000, respectively, compared to a net reversal of provision for indemnifications of $135,000 and $275,000, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, which is included in “Noninterest Expenses – Other” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. No indemnification payments were made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and
2024. The allowance for indemnifications was $1.29 million and $1.35 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
NOTE 12: Derivative Financial Instruments
The Corporation uses derivative financial instruments primarily to manage risks to the Corporation associated with changing interest rates, and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. The Corporation recognizes derivative financial instruments at fair value as either an other asset or other liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments include (1) interest rate swaps that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges on the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes, (2) interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers and dealer counterparties and (3) interest rate contracts arising from mortgage banking activities, including interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) on mortgage loans. The gain or loss on the Corporation’s cash flow hedges is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred income taxes, and reclassified into earnings in the same period(s) during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. IRLCs and interest rate swaps with loan customers and dealer counterparties are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in the fair value of these instruments are reported as noninterest income.
Cash flow hedges. The Corporation designates interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges when they are used to manage exposure to variability in cash flows on variable rate borrowings such as the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes. These interest rate swaps are derivative financial instruments that manage the risk of variability in cash flows by exchanging variable-rate interest payments on a notional amount of the Corporation’s borrowings for fixed-rate interest payments. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the effect of changes in interest rates on the amount of variable-rate interest payments, and the Corporation assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship quarterly. If the Corporation determines that a cash flow hedge is no longer highly effective, future changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument would be reported in earnings. As of June 30, 2025, the Corporation has designated cash flow hedges to manage its exposure to variability in cash flows on certain variable rate borrowings for periods that end between June 2026 and June 2029.
All interest rate swaps were entered into with counterparties that met the Corporation’s credit standards and the agreements contain collateral provisions protecting the at-risk party. The Corporation believes that the credit risk inherent in these derivative contracts is not significant.
These cash flow hedges are reported at fair value in “other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains or losses recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges are reclassified into earnings in the same period(s) during which the hedged interest payments affect earnings. When a designated hedging instrument is terminated and the hedged interest payments remain probable of occurring, any remaining unrecognized gain or loss in other comprehensive income (loss) is reclassified into earnings in the period(s) during which the forecasted interest payments affect earnings. Amounts reclassified into earnings and interest receivable or payable under designated interest rate swaps are reported in interest expense. The Corporation does not expect any unrealized losses related to cash flow hedges to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months. Refer to Note 6 for additional information on amounts reclassified into net income related to these cash flow hedges.
Loan swaps. The Bank also enters into interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. The Bank simultaneously enters into interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and offsetting terms. The net result of these interest rate swaps is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and the Corporation receives a floating rate. These back-to-back loan swaps are derivative financial instruments and are reported at fair value in “other assets” and “other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of loan swaps are recorded in other noninterest income and sum to zero because of the offsetting terms of swaps with borrowers and swaps with dealer counterparties.
Mortgage banking. The mortgage banking segment enters into IRLCs with customers to originate loans for which the interest rates are determined (or “locked”) prior to funding. The mortgage banking segment is exposed to interest rate risk through fixed-rate IRLCs and mortgage loans from the time that interest rates are locked until the loans are sold in the secondary market. The mortgage banking segment mitigates this interest rate risk by entering into forward sales contracts
38
with investors, which at times includes the community banking segment, at the time that interest rates are locked for mortgage loans to be delivered on a best efforts basis. IRLCs are derivative financial instruments and are reported at fair value in other assets and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with the changes in fair value of the related forward sales of loans. Changes in the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives are recorded as a component of gains on sales of loans.
At June 30, 2025, the mortgage banking segment had $56.39 million of IRLCs and $44.76 million of unpaid principal on mortgage loans held for sale for which it managed interest rate risk using best-efforts forward sales contracts for $101.15 million in mortgage loans.
At December 31, 2024, the mortgage banking segment had $39.29 million of IRLCs and $20.11 million of unpaid principal on mortgage loans held for sale for which it managed interest rate risk using best-efforts forward sales contracts for $59.40 million in mortgage loans.
The following tables summarize key elements of the Corporation’s derivative instruments.
Notional
Interest rate swap contracts
25,000
Not designated as hedges:
Customer-related interest rate swap contracts:
Matched interest rate swaps with borrower
84,428
251
2,784
Matched interest rate swaps with counterparty
Mortgage banking contracts:
IRLCs
56,389
77,820
39,291
The Corporation and the Bank are required to maintain cash collateral with dealer counterparties for interest rate swap relationships in a loss position. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no cash collateral maintained with dealer counterparties.
NOTE 13: Other Noninterest Expenses
The following table presents the significant components in the Consolidated Statements of Income line “Noninterest Expenses-Other.”
Telecommunication expenses
698
770
Licenses and taxes expense
600
486
Travel and educational expenses
305
237
571
Postage and courier expenses
279
548
544
Other components of net periodic pension cost
All other noninterest expenses
943
1,822
1,666
ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion supplements and provides information about the major components of the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of the Corporation. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In addition to current and historical information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our future business, financial condition or results of operations. For a description of certain factors that may have a significant impact on our future business, financial condition or results of operations, see “Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this discussion and analysis.
OVERVIEW
Our primary financial goals are to maximize the Corporation’s earnings and to deploy capital in profitable growth initiatives that will enhance long-term shareholder value. We track three primary financial performance measures in order to assess the level of success in achieving these goals: (1) return on average assets (ROA), (2) return on average equity (ROE), and (3) growth in earnings. In addition to these financial performance measures, we track the performance of the Corporation’s three business segments: community banking, mortgage banking, and consumer finance. We balance these financial measures with acceptable levels of interest rate risk, while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements and monitoring asset quality. We also actively manage our capital through growth, dividends and share repurchases, while considering the need to maintain a strong capital position. The following table presents selected financial performance highlights for the periods indicated.
TABLE 1: Financial Performance Highlights
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Net Income (Loss):
Community Banking
Mortgage Banking
Consumer Finance
(873)
(807)
(1,580)
(1,615)
Consolidated net income
Earnings per share - basic and diluted
Annualized return on average assets
1.18
0.82
1.01
0.69
Annualized return on average equity
13.06
9.31
11.23
7.82
Annualized return on average tangible common equity (ROTCE)1
14.70
10.72
12.72
9.01
Refer to “Use of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” below, for information about these non-GAAP financial measures, including a quantitative reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated net income increased $2.7 million and $4.7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to higher net income at the community banking segment and the mortgage banking segment, partially offset by lower net income at the consumer finance segment. A discussion of the performance of our business segments is included under the heading “Business Segments” in the “Results of Operations” section of this discussion and analysis.
Key factors affecting comparison for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 are as follows.
Capital Management and Dividends
Total equity was $240.9 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $227.0 million at December 31, 2024. Under regulatory capital standards, the Corporation’s tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital ratios at June 30, 2025 were 12.0 percent and 15.0 percent, respectively, compared to 11.9 percent and 14.1 percent, respectively, at December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025, the book value per share of the Corporation’s common stock was $74.21 and tangible book value per share, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was $66.12, compared to $70.00 and $61.86, respectively, at December 31, 2024.
Total equity increased $13.9 million at June 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, due primarily to net income and lower unrealized losses in the market value of securities available for sale, which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income, partially offset by dividends paid on the Corporation’s common stock. The Corporation’s securities available for sale are fixed income debt securities and their net unrealized loss position is a result of increased market interest rates since they were purchased. The Corporation expects to recover its investments in debt securities through scheduled payments of principal and interest. Unrealized losses are not expected to affect the earnings or regulatory capital of the Corporation or C&F Bank. The accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the Corporation’s securities available for sale, net of deferred income taxes, decreased to $19.9 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $23.7 million at December 31, 2024 due primarily to fluctuations in debt security market interest rates and a decrease in the balance of securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position as a result of maturities, calls and paydowns.
The Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of 46 cents per share during the second quarter of 2025, which was paid on July 1, 2025. This dividend represents a payout ratio of 19.4 percent of earnings per share for the second quarter of 2025. The Board of Directors of the Corporation continually reviews the amount of cash dividends per share and the resulting dividend payout ratio in light of changes in economic conditions, current and future capital levels and requirements and expected future earnings. In making its decision on the payment of dividends on the Corporation’s common stock, the Corporation’s Board of Directors considers operating results, financial condition, capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, shareholder returns, growth expectations and other factors.
The Corporation has a share repurchase program that was authorized by the Board of Directors to repurchase up to $5.0 million of the Corporation’s common stock, effective January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (the 2025 Repurchase Program). During the second quarter and first six months of 2025, the Corporation did not make any repurchases of its common stock under the 2025 Repurchase Program.
On June 6, 2025, the Corporation completed the issuance of $40.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2035 (the Notes) in a private placement transaction. The Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% for five years and at the then current three-month SOFR plus 388.5 basis points thereafter. The Notes have been structured to qualify as Tier 2 capital of the Corporation under regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies, and a portion of the proceeds were used to refinance the 2030 Notes (as defined below), with the remainder to be used for general corporate purposes, which may include supporting future growth opportunities. Concurrently with the issuance of the Notes, the Corporation repurchased its $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2030 (the 2030 Notes). The 2030 Notes were repurchased at a price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount, plus accrued but unpaid interest, to but excluding the repurchase date. The 2030 Notes were to move from a fixed rate of 4.875% to a floating rate at the then current three-month SOFR plus 475.5 basis points during the third quarter of 2025.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions. Those accounting policies with the greatest uncertainty and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments affecting the application of these policies, and the greatest likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions, or using different assumptions, are described below.
Allowance for Credit Losses: We establish the allowance for credit losses through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses for the difference between the carrying value of the loan and the estimated net realizable value or fair value of the collateral, if collateral dependent, when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans held for investment, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. Management’s judgment in determining the level of the allowance is based on evaluations of historical loan losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to the collectability of loans. The measurement of the allowance for credit losses on commercial and consumer loans is based in part on forecasts of the national unemployment rate, which we believe to be indicative of risk factors related to the collectability of commercial and consumer loans. In addition, management’s estimate of expected credit losses is based on the remaining life of loans held for investment, and changes in expected prepayment behavior may result in changes in the remaining life of loans and expected credit losses. Management also assesses the risk of credit losses arising from changes in general market, economic and business conditions; the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; the volume and severity of delinquencies and adversely classified loan balances and the value of underlying collateral in determining the recorded balance of the allowance for credit losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective because it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. In evaluating the level of the allowance, we consider a range of possible assumptions and outcomes related to the various factors identified above. The level of the allowance is particularly sensitive to changes in the actual and forecasted national unemployment rate and changes in current conditions or reasonably expected future conditions affecting the collectability of loans.
Goodwill: The Corporation’s goodwill was recognized in connection with past business combinations and is reported at the community banking segment and the consumer finance segment. The Corporation reviews the carrying value of goodwill at least annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators exist. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Corporation may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, we conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further testing is required and the goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. If the Corporation elects to bypass the qualitative assessment or if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the fair value of the reporting unit is compared
43
with its carrying value to determine whether an impairment exists. In the last evaluation of goodwill at the community banking segment and the consumer finance segment, which was the annual evaluation in the fourth quarter of 2024, the Corporation concluded that no impairment existed based on an assessment of qualitative factors.
For further information concerning accounting policies, refer to Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NET INTEREST INCOME
The following table shows the average balance sheets, the amounts of interest earned on earning assets, with related yields, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, with related rates, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis (which converts the income on loans and investments for which no income taxes are paid to the equivalent yield as if income taxes were paid) using the federal corporate income tax rate of 21 percent that was applicable for all periods presented. Average balances of securities available for sale are included at amortized cost. Loans include loans held for sale. Loans placed on a nonaccrual status are included in the balances and are included in the computation of yields, but had no material effect.
TABLE 2: Average Balances, Income and Expense, Yields and Rates
Income/
Yield/
Expense
Loans:
Community banking segment
1,499,272
20,893
5.59
1,359,703
18,543
5.48
Mortgage banking segment
45,948
731
6.38
34,240
6.26
Consumer finance segment
464,193
10.49
478,296
12,384
10.41
Total loans
2,009,413
33,768
6.74
1,872,239
31,460
6.76
Securities:
Taxable
342,023
2,325
2.72
337,050
1,857
2.20
Tax-exempt
120,281
1,205
4.01
119,626
1,120
3.75
Total securities
462,304
3,530
3.05
456,676
2,977
2.61
48,237
3.43
23,239
2.82
Total earning assets
2,519,954
37,711
6.00
2,352,154
34,600
5.91
Allowance for credit losses
(41,284)
(40,837)
Total non-earning assets
157,307
153,002
2,635,977
2,464,319
Liabilities and Equity
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand deposits
312,905
476
0.61
321,070
0.60
Savings and money market deposit accounts
522,453
1,530
1.17
474,613
1,074
0.91
830,425
3.65
751,973
4.12
Total interest-bearing deposits
1,665,783
9,553
2.30
1,547,656
9,250
2.40
Borrowings:
Repurchase agreements
23,920
1.43
25,113
1.55
Other borrowings
99,162
1,261
5.09
100,633
1,137
4.52
Total borrowings
123,082
1,346
4.38
125,746
1,234
3.93
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,788,865
2.44
1,673,402
2.52
568,372
529,608
40,917
45,023
2,398,154
2,248,033
237,823
216,286
26,812
24,116
Interest rate spread
3.56
3.39
Interest expense to average earning assets
1.73
1.79
Net interest margin
4.27
1,483,501
40,858
5.55
1,330,981
35,874
5.42
33,527
6.44
25,970
6.30
464,856
10.53
476,072
10.31
1,981,884
66,196
1,833,023
61,096
6.70
340,744
4,518
2.65
351,146
3,837
2.19
119,661
2,358
3.94
120,274
2,238
3.72
460,405
6,876
2.99
471,420
6,075
2.58
52,012
3.55
25,828
3.29
2,494,301
73,987
5.98
2,330,271
67,593
5.83
(40,947)
(40,565)
155,937
154,902
2,609,291
2,444,608
322,569
0.67
328,320
1,029
0.63
505,926
2,735
1.09
479,629
2,135
0.90
826,211
3.79
728,570
1,654,706
19,322
2.35
1,536,519
17,780
2.33
26,044
198
1.53
26,555
1.57
96,394
2,357
4.89
89,539
2,046
4.57
122,438
2,555
4.18
116,094
2,254
3.88
1,777,144
2.48
1,652,613
556,923
530,747
40,896
44,573
2,374,963
2,227,933
234,328
216,675
52,110
47,559
3.50
1.77
4.21
4.10
Interest income and expense are affected by fluctuations in interest rates, by changes in the volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and by the interaction of rate and volume factors. The following table shows the direct causes of the period-to-period changes in the components of net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis. The Corporation calculates the rate and volume variances using a formula prescribed by the SEC. Rate/volume variances, the third element in the calculation, are not shown separately in the table, but are allocated to the rate and volume variances in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of each.
45
TABLE 3: Rate-Volume Recap
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 from 2024
Increase (Decrease)
Due to
Increase
Volume
(Decrease)
Interest income:
384
1,966
2,350
188
(341)
(240)
441
468
209
1,056
2,055
3,111
Interest expense:
(922)
(153)
(575)
303
141
124
(441)
856
Change in net interest income
1,497
1,199
2,696
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 from 2024
863
4,121
4,984
239
478
(619)
(141)
797
681
131
120
458
493
2,322
6,394
65
47
477
123
(925)
1,820
895
(383)
1,925
1,542
148
311
(241)
2,084
1,843
2,563
1,988
4,551
Net interest income, on a taxable-equivalent basis, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 increased to $26.8 million and $52.1 million, respectively, compared to $24.1 million and $47.6 million for the same periods in 2024 due primarily to an increase in net interest margin and higher average balances of earning assets. Annualized net interest margin increased 15 basis points to 4.27 percent for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 and increased 11 basis points to 4.21 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024, due primarily to an increase in yields and higher balances of earning assets, partially offset by a shift in mix of deposits towards higher cost deposits. The Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) target federal funds interest rate was at an upper limit of 5.50 percent at December 31, 2023 until the FRB began decreasing it in September 2024, decreasing it to an upper limit of 4.50 percent
by December 31, 2024, where it remained through the second quarter of 2025. The yield on interest-earning assets increased by 9 basis points and 15 basis points for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 8 basis points and increased by 4 basis points for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Average earning assets increased $167.8 million and $164.0 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $115.5 million and $124.5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased $38.8 million and $26.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Average loans, which includes both loans held for investment and loans held for sale, increased $137.2 million to $2.01 billion for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $148.9 million to $1.98 billion for the first six months of 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. Average loans at the community banking segment increased $139.6 million, or 10.3 percent, for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $152.5 million, or 11.5 percent, for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to growth in the construction, commercial real estate and land acquisition and development segments of the loan portfolio. Average loans at the consumer finance segment decreased $14.1 million, or 2.9 percent, for the second quarter of 2025 and decreased $11.2 million, or 2.4 percent, for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to lower average balances of automobile loans. Average loans at the mortgage banking segment, which consist of loans held for sale, increased $11.7 million, or 34.2 percent, for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $7.6 million, or 29.1 percent, for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
The community banking segment average loan yield increased 11 basis points to 5.59 percent for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 13 basis points to 5.55 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to a shift in the mix of the loan portfolio towards higher-yielding loans and renewals of fixed rate loans originated during periods of lower interest rates. The consumer finance segment average loan yield increased 8 basis points to 10.49 percent for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 22 basis points to 10.53 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to the portfolio composition shifting towards originations within the past three years, when interest rates were higher, as loans originated prior to that in periods of lower interest rates pay off or mature. The mortgage banking segment average loan yield increased 12 basis points to 6.38 percent for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 14 basis points to 6.44 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to fluctuations in mortgage interest rates.
Average securities available for sale increased $5.6 million to $462.3 million for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to purchases of mortgage-backed securities outpacing maturities, calls and paydowns. Average securities available for sale decreased $11.0 million to $460.4 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to maturities, calls and paydowns outpacing purchases in the portfolio. The average yield on the securities portfolio on a taxable-equivalent basis increased 44 basis points to 3.05 percent for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 41 basis points to 2.99 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to purchases of securities within the past three years at higher average yields relative to the average yield of the portfolio as a whole and lower prepayment activity on mortgage-backed securities.
Average interest-bearing deposits in other banks, consisting primarily of excess cash reserves maintained at the FRB, increased $25.0 million to $48.2 million for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $26.2 million to $52.0 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The average yield on interest-bearing deposits in other banks increased 61 basis points for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 26 basis points for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to cash items in process. These items, which do not earn interest until they settle, having a larger effect on yields during periods of lower average balances such as 2024 compared to 2025.
Average savings and money market and interest-bearing demand deposits combined increased $39.7 million to $835.4 million for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $20.5 million to $828.5 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Average non-interest-bearing demand deposits increased $38.8 million to $568.4 million for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $26.2 million to $556.9 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Average time deposits increased $78.5 million to $830.4 million for the second
quarter of 2025 and increased $97.6 million to $826.2 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 10 basis points to 2.30 percent for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to decreases in interest rates paid on time deposits and increased 2 basis points to 2.35 percent for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to the continued effects of a shift in the mix of deposits, partially offset by decreases in interest rates paid on time deposits.
Average borrowings decreased $2.7 million to $123.1 million for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $6.3 million to $122.4 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to fluctuations in short-term borrowings, fluctuations in Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) advances and higher balances of subordinated debt. The average cost of borrowings increased 45 basis points for the second quarter of 2025 and increased 30 basis points for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to a shift in the mix of borrowings and higher rates paid on subordinated debt.
The Corporation believes that the effects of declining market interest rates could adversely affect its net interest margin in the short term as its assets typically reprice downward more quickly than its deposits and borrowings. The majority of the Corporation’s time deposits have repriced and further declines in cost of deposits are unlikely unless there are further decreases in market interest rates or shifts in the mix of deposits. The Corporation also believes any such adverse impacts could be somewhat mitigated by renewals of fixed rate loans originated during periods of lower interest rates and purchases of securities available for sale with higher interest rates. The interest rate environment has grown increasingly uncertain during 2025 and the ultimate effect of these factors on the Corporation’s net interest margin will also depend on other factors, including the Corporation’s ability to grow loans at the community banking and consumer finance segments, to compete for deposits, and the extent of its reliance on borrowings. The Corporation gives no assurance as to the timing or extent of changes in market interest rates or the impact of those changes or any other factor on the Corporation's ability to compete for loans and deposits or on its net interest margin. If market interest rates were to rise, net interest margin could be positively affected in the short term as the Corporation generally expects its assets to reprice upward more quickly than its deposits and borrowings.
Noninterest Income
TABLE 4: Noninterest Income
Unrealized gain on investments held in rabbi trust
1,212
105
1,423
945
Other income, net
958
1,034
Total noninterest income increased $2.5 million, or 34.5 percent, for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $2.6 million, or 17.6 percent, for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to higher volume of mortgage loan production which resulted in higher gains on sales of loans and higher mortgage banking fee income, fluctuations in unrealized gains and losses on investments held in the rabbi trust and higher mortgage lender services income.
The Corporation uses a rabbi trust to fund liabilities under its nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Unrealized gains and losses on investments held in the Corporation’s rabbi trust are offset by changes in deferred compensation liabilities, recorded in salaries and employee benefits expense.
Noninterest Expense
TABLE 5: Noninterest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits:
Compensation, payroll taxes and employee benefits
13,634
26,906
26,759
Increase in nonqualified deferred compensation plan liabilities
Total salaries and employee benefits
Other expenses:
Total other noninterest expenses
Total noninterest expenses increased $2.3 million, or 10.1 percent, in the second quarter of 2025 and increased $2.2 million, or 4.8 percent, in the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to fluctuations in deferred compensation liabilities, higher marketing and advertising expenses related to the strategic marketing initiative that began in the second half of 2024 and a lower net reversal of provision for indemnifications.
Changes in deferred compensation liabilities are offset by unrealized gains and losses on investments held in the Corporation’s rabbi trust and are recorded in noninterest income.
Income Taxes
The Corporation’s consolidated effective income tax rate was 19.3 percent and 18.5 percent for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to 19.2 percent and 17.2 percent for the same periods in 2024 due primarily to a higher share of income at the mortgage banking segment, which is subject to state income taxes.
Business Segments
The Corporation operates in a decentralized manner in three business segments: community banking, mortgage banking and consumer finance. An overview of the financial results for each of the Corporation’s business segments is presented below.
Community Banking: The community banking segment comprises C&F Bank, C&F Wealth Management, C&F Insurance and CVB Title. The following table presents the community banking segment operating results for the periods indicated.
TABLE 6: Community Banking Segment Operating Results
20,645
17,044
39,302
33,708
Noninterest income:
1,039
2,128
550
1,047
597
Noninterest expense:
Other expenses
The community banking segment reported net income of $7.1 million and $12.6 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to $4.6 million and $8.6 million for the same periods in 2024 due primarily to:
partially offset by:
Net interest income for the community banking segment increased by $2.9 million to $20.3 million for the second quarter of 2025 and increased $4.4 million to $39.1 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to an increase in net interest margin and higher average balances of earning assets. Average interest-earning asset yields were higher for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to a shift in the mix of the loan portfolio towards higher-yielding loans, renewals of fixed rate loans originated during periods of lower interest rates and purchases of securities available for sale with higher interest rates. The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities were lower for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to decreases in interest rates paid on time deposits and were higher for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to the continued effects of a shift in the mix of deposits, partially offset by decreases in interest rates paid on time deposits. Interest income allocated to the community banking segment includes interest income on loans to the consumer finance and mortgage banking segments. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals.
The community banking segment recorded net reversals of provision for credit losses of $300,000 and $200,000 for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, due primarily to the resolution of a nonperforming commercial real estate loan during the second quarter of 2025 that had carried a specific reserve and growth in loans with shorter expected lives, which resulted in lower estimated losses over the life of the loans, partially offset by growth in the loan portfolio and changes in the forecast of key credit loss model assumptions, compared to provision for credit losses of $450,000 and $950,000 for the same periods in 2024. Noninterest income increased for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to higher other service charges and fees, partially offset by lower service charges on deposit accounts. Noninterest expenses increased for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to higher marketing and advertising expenses and higher salaries and employee benefits.
51
Mortgage Banking: The following table presents the mortgage banking operating results for the periods indicated.
TABLE 7: Mortgage Banking Segment Operating Results
Gains of sales of loans
933
684
1,525
1,198
Mortgage lender services fee income
764
1,305
Other income
4,273
3,055
5,584
The mortgage banking segment reported net income of $985,000 and $1.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to $376,000 and $670,000 for the same periods in 2024, due primarily to:
52
The following table presents mortgage loan originations and mortgage loans sold for the periods indicated.
TABLE 8: Mortgage Loan Originations
Mortgage loan originations:
Purchases
197,222
134,298
298,862
221,058
Refinancings
16,301
11,712
28,411
19,298
Total mortgage loan originations1
213,523
146,010
327,273
240,356
Lock-adjusted originations2
199,980
149,972
342,320
270,372
Despite the sustained elevated level of mortgage interest rates, higher home prices and low levels of inventory, mortgage banking segment loan originations increased 46.2 percent and 36.2 percent for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Gains on sales of loans, while driven in part by mortgage loan originations, also includes the effects of changes in locked loan commitments, which reflect the volume of mortgage loan applications that are in process and have not closed. Lock-adjusted originations for the mortgage banking segment increased 33.3 percent and 26.6 percent for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Locked loan commitments were $56.4 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $39.3 million and $60.3 million at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Mortgage banking segment loan originations include originations of loans sold to the community banking segment, at prices similar to those paid by third-party investors. All interest expense at the mortgage banking segment is from variable rate borrowings from the community banking segment. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals.
Through the Lender Solutions division of the mortgage banking segment, mortgage lender services fee income is derived from providing mortgage origination functions to third-party mortgage lenders for a fee. Mortgage lender services fee income increased for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to increased mortgage loan volume in the industry and an increase in fees and the types of services provided.
During the second quarter and first six months of 2025, the mortgage banking segment recorded a reversal of provision for indemnification losses of $35,000 and $60,000, respectively, compared to a reversal of provision for indemnification losses of $135,000 and $275,000 for the same periods in 2024. The release of indemnification reserves in 2025 and 2024 was due primarily to lower volume of mortgage loan originations in recent years, improvement in the mortgage banking segment’s assessment of borrower payment performance and other factors affecting expected losses on mortgage loans sold in the secondary market, such as time since origination. The releases in 2025 decreased compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to the increased mortgage loan originations in 2025 compared to 2024. Management believes that the indemnification reserve is sufficient to absorb losses related to loans that have been sold in the secondary market.
Consumer Finance: The following table presents the consumer finance operating results for the periods indicated.
TABLE 9: Consumer Finance Segment Operating Results
4,008
4,389
7,549
7,611
The consumer finance segment reported net income of $539,000 and $765,000 for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to $894,000 and $831,000 for the same periods in 2024 due primarily to:
Net interest income for the consumer finance segment decreased by $81,000 to $6.4 million for the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to lower average balances of loans, partially offset by higher net interest margin and increased by $138,000 to $12.8 million for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due primarily to higher net interest margin, partially offset by lower average balances of loans. Average loans decreased $14.1 million, or 2.9 percent, for the second quarter of 2025 and decreased $11.2 million, or 2.4 percent, for the first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. All interest expense at the consumer finance segment is from fixed and variable rate borrowings from the community banking segment. These transactions are eliminated to reach consolidated totals.
The consumer finance segment recorded $2.4 million and $5.3 million in provision for credit losses for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, due primarily to an increase in net charge-offs, partially offset by lower average loan balances, compared to $2.1 million and $5.1 million for the same periods in 2024. Net charge-offs increased due
primarily to an increase in delinquent loans, repossessions and the average amount charged-off when a loan was uncollectable. If loan performance deteriorates, resulting in further elevated delinquencies or net charge-offs, the provision for credit losses may increase in future periods.
ASSET QUALITY
Allowance and Provision for Credit Losses
The Corporation conducts an analysis of the collectability of the loan portfolio on a regular basis and uses this analysis to assess the sufficiency of the allowance for credit losses on loans and to determine the necessary provision for credit losses. The Corporation segments the loan portfolio into three loan portfolios based on common risk characteristics.
Commercial and consumer loans are assigned loan classification ratings based on their credit quality and risk of loss. These loan ratings are reviewed on a quarterly basis and updated as new information becomes available. The characteristics of these loan ratings are as follows:
The Corporation monitors the consumer finance loan portfolio by past due status and by credit rating at the time of origination, which the Corporation believes serves as a relevant indicator of aggregate credit quality and risk of loan defaults in the portfolio based upon the use of Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) Scores over time for loan approval decisions and through experience analyzing loss patterns. The characteristics of these credit ratings and our thresholds are as follows:
55
The allowance for credit losses represents an amount that, in our judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. The provision for credit losses increases the allowance, and loans charged off, net of recoveries, reduce the allowance.
The following tables present the Corporation’s credit loss experience for the periods indicated.
TABLE 10: Allowance for Credit Losses
Consumer1
For the three months ended June 30, 2025:
Balance at March 31, 2025
13,425
4,086
22,532
40,043
(393)
(55)
(3,646)
(3,721)
1,099
1,156
Average loans2
1,115,424
383,848
1,963,465
Ratio of annualized net charge-offs to average loans
0.00
0.01
0.52
For the three months ended June 30, 2024:
Balance at March 31, 2024
12,859
3,775
23,566
40,200
(3,469)
(3,537)
1,226
1,280
993,726
370,408
1,842,430
0.02
1.88
0.49
For the six months ended June 30, 2025:
1,102,131
381,370
1,948,357
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans
2.42
0.58
For the six months ended June 30, 2024:
970,175
364,101
1,810,348
0.04
2.21
0.59
For further information regarding the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses, refer to “Table 16: Nonperforming Assets” and the accompanying disclosure below.
The allocation of the allowance for credit losses and the ratio of corresponding outstanding loan balances to total loans are as follows as of the dates indicated.
TABLE 11: Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses
Allocation of allowance for credit losses:
Total allowance for credit losses
Ratio of loans to total period-end loans:
57
100
Loans are required to be measured at amortized cost and to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses on available for sale debt securities are accounted for as an allowance for credit losses, which is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value and the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Off balance sheet credit exposures, including loan commitments, are not recorded on balance sheet, but expected credit losses arising from off balance sheet credit exposures are recorded
as a reserve for unfunded commitments and reported in Other Liabilities. The following table presents the Corporation’s reserve for unfunded commitments for the periods indicated.
TABLE 12: Reserve for Unfunded Commitments
The allowance for credit losses on loans and available for sale debt securities and the reserve for unfunded commitments are established through a provision for credit losses charged against earnings. The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated.
TABLE 13: Provision for Credit Losses
TABLE 14: Credit Quality Indicators
Loans by credit quality indicators as of June 30, 2025 were as follows:
Special
Mention
Nonaccrual
Total1
Very Good
Fairly Good
Loans by credit quality indicators as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:
Table 15 summarizes the Corporation’s credit ratios on a consolidated basis and Table 16 summarizes nonperforming assets by principal business segment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The mortgage banking segment did not have any nonperforming assets as June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
TABLE 15: Consolidated Credit Ratios
Total loans1
Nonaccrual loans
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)
Nonaccrual loans to total loans
0.09
0.05
ACL to total loans
1.99
2.09
ACL to nonaccrual loans
2,233.52
4,233.05
TABLE 16: Nonperforming Assets
Community Banking Segment
ACL
17,193
17,379
0.07
1.12
1.20
1,599.35
5,218.92
Annualized year-to-date net charge-offs to average total loans
59
Consumer Finance Segment
614
Repossessed assets
925
779
0.15
0.13
4.85
4.86
3,211.62
3,698.37
2.62
The community banking segment’s nonaccrual loans were $1.1 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $333,000 at December 31, 2024. The increase in nonaccrual loans compared to December 31, 2024 is due primarily to the downgrade
of one residential mortgage relationship in the first quarter of 2025. The community banking segment recorded net reversals of provision for credit losses of $300,000 and $200,000 for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to provision for credit losses of $450,000 and $950,000 for the same periods in 2024. At June 30, 2025, the allowance for credit losses decreased to $17.2 million compared to an allowance for credit losses of $17.4 million at December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans decreased to 1.12 percent at June 30, 2025 from 1.20 percent at December 31, 2024. These decreases are due primarily to the resolution of a nonperforming commercial real estate loan that had carried a specific reserve of $657,000 and growth in loans with shorter expected lives, which resulted in lower estimated losses over the life of the loans, partially offset by growth in the loan portfolio and changes in the forecast of key credit loss model assumptions. Management believes that the level of the allowance for credit losses is adequate to reflect the net amount expected to be collected.
Nonaccrual loans at the consumer finance segment were $697,000 at June 30, 2025 compared to $614,000 at December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual consumer finance loans remain low relative to the allowance for credit losses and the total consumer finance loan portfolio because the consumer finance segment generally initiates repossession of loan collateral once a loan becomes more than 60 days delinquent. Repossessed vehicles of the consumer finance segment are classified as other assets and consist only of vehicles the Corporation has the legal right to sell. Prior to the reclassification from loans to repossessed vehicles, the difference between the carrying amount of each loan and the fair value of each vehicle (i.e. the deficiency) is charged against the allowance for credit losses. At June 30, 2025, repossessed vehicles available for sale totaled $925,000 compared to $779,000 at December 31, 2024.
The consumer finance segment experienced net charge-offs at an annualized rate of 2.42 percent of average total loans for the first six months of 2025 compared to 2.21 percent for the same period of 2024 due primarily to an increase in delinquent loans, repossessions and the average amount charged-off when a loan was uncollectable. At June 30, 2025, total delinquent loans as a percentage of total loans was 3.81 percent compared to 3.90 percent at December 31, 2024 and 3.51 percent at June 30, 2024. The allowance for credit losses was $22.4 million at June 30, 2025 and $22.7 million at December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans decreased to 4.85 percent at June 30, 2025, compared to 4.86 percent at December 31, 2024.
The consumer finance segment at times offers payment deferrals to borrowers as a portfolio management technique to achieve higher ultimate cash collections on select loan accounts. A significant reliance on deferrals as a means of managing collections may result in a lengthening of the loss confirmation period, which would increase expectations of credit losses inherent in the portfolio. Average amounts of payment deferrals of automobile loans on a monthly basis, which are not included in delinquent loans, were 1.73 percent and 1.74 percent of average automobile loans outstanding during the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to 1.58 percent and 1.60 percent during the same periods during 2024.
The consumer finance segment is an indirect lender that provides automobile financing through lending programs that are designed to serve customers in both the “prime” and “non-prime” markets, including those who may have limited access to traditional automobile financing due to having experienced prior credit difficulties. The preferred automobile is a later
model, low mileage used vehicle because the value of new vehicles typically depreciates rapidly. In addition to automobile financing, marine and RV loan contracts are also purchased on an indirect basis through a referral program administered by a third party. The marine and RV loan contracts are for “prime” loans averaging less than $50,000 made to individuals with higher credit scores.
The consumer finance segment’s focus has included “non-prime” borrowers and, therefore, the anticipated rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on the consumer finance loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be more dramatically affected by changes in general economic conditions. Changes in economic conditions may also affect consumer demand for used automobiles and values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, due to changes in demand or changes in levels of inventory of used automobiles, which may directly affect the amount of a loss incurred by the consumer finance segment in the event of default. While we manage the higher risk inherent in loans made to “non-prime” borrowers through the underwriting criteria, portfolio management and collection methods employed by the consumer finance segment, we cannot guarantee that these criteria or methods will afford adequate protection against these risks. With the consumer finance segment’s scorecard model for purchasing loan contracts, the credit-worthiness of borrowers at origination has improved for automobile loans purchased and the level of credit losses experienced has decreased relative to long-term historical averages. We cannot provide any assurance that the consumer finance segment’s net charge-off ratio will not increase in future periods. However, we believe that the current allowance for credit losses is adequate to reflect the net amount expected to be collected on existing consumer finance segment loans that may become uncollectible. If factors influencing the consumer finance segment result in higher net charge-off ratios in future periods, the consumer finance segment may need to increase the level of its allowance for credit losses through additional provisions for credit losses, which could negatively affect future earnings of the consumer finance segment.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
At June 30, 2025, the Corporation had total assets of $2.7 billion, an increase of $123.0 million since December 31, 2024. The increase was attributable primarily to growth in loans held for investment, loans held for sale, available for sale securities and interest-bearing deposits in other banks, funded by growth in deposits and borrowings. The significant components of the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are discussed below.
Loan Portfolio
Tables 17, 18 and 19 present information pertaining to the composition of loans held for investment, the composition of commercial real estate and construction commercial real estate loans, and the maturity/repricing of certain loans held for investment, respectively.
TABLE 17: Summary of Loans Held for Investment
Percent
During the second quarter of 2025, loans held for investment increased $71.8 million to $1.95 billion at June 30, 2025 due primarily to growth in commercial real estate, construction and builder lines loans at the community banking segment, partially offset by a decrease in loans at the consumer finance segment.
62
TABLE 18: Commercial Real Estate and Construction Commercial Real Estate Loans
% of Commercial Real Estate and Construction Commercial Real Estate Loans
Multifamily
169,891
18.8
8.5
Retail
156,713
17.3
7.9
Office
124,537
13.8
6.3
Industrial/warehouse
95,292
10.5
4.8
Hotels
91,601
10.1
4.6
1-4 family investment properties
90,397
10.0
4.5
Mini-storage
54,880
6.1
2.8
Medical office
41,132
2.1
80,495
8.9
3.9
904,938
45.4
172,574
19.9
9.0
153,227
17.7
8.0
120,412
13.9
94,100
10.9
4.9
84,936
9.8
4.4
80,950
9.3
4.2
39,368
40,335
4.7
80,997
4.1
866,899
45.1
TABLE 19: Maturity/Repricing Schedule of Loans Held for Investment
Variable Rate:
Within 1 year
337,839
69,709
407,548
1 to 5 years
100,024
1,094
101,118
5 to 15 years
8,481
After 15 years
Fixed Rate:
150,280
10,286
4,638
165,204
282,617
96,270
239,159
618,046
244,798
175,461
217,593
637,852
14,017
39,399
53,416
1,138,056
392,219
The investment portfolio plays a primary role in the management of the Corporation’s interest rate sensitivity. In addition, the portfolio serves as a source of liquidity and is used as needed to meet collateral requirements. The investment portfolio consists of securities available for sale, which may be sold in response to changes in market interest rates, changes in prepayment risk, increases in loan demand, general liquidity needs and other similar factors. These securities are carried at estimated fair value. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all debt securities in the Corporation’s investment portfolio were classified as available for sale.
The following table sets forth the composition of the Corporation’s securities available for sale in dollar amounts at fair value and as a percentage of the Corporation’s total securities available for sale at the dates indicated.
TABLE 20: Securities Available for Sale
Total available for sale securities at fair value
During the first six months of 2025, securities available for sale increased $15.9 million to $434.5 million at June 30, 2025 due primarily to an increase in mortgage-backed securities, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. treasury securities. Net unrealized losses in the market value of securities available for sale decreased to $25.2 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $30.0 million at December 31, 2024.
For more information about the Corporation’s securities available for sale, including information about securities in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, see Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” under the heading “Note 2: Securities” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The following table presents additional information pertaining to the composition of the securities portfolio at amortized cost, by the earlier of contractual maturity or expected maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The total effective duration of the investment portfolio is 4.0 years as of June 30, 2025.
TABLE 21: Maturity of Securities
Weighted
Yield 1
U.S. Treasury securities:
Maturing after 1 year, but within 5 years
1.38
Total U.S. Treasury securities
U.S. government agencies and corporations:
Maturing within 1 year
10,421
1.16
33,267
1.37
Maturing after 5 years, but within 10 years
21,736
1.90
Maturing after 10 years
2.25
Total U.S. government agencies and corporations
1.54
Mortgage-backed securities:
32,980
2.60
94,838
61,927
3.09
23,196
Total mortgage-backed securities
States and municipals:1
23,519
3.77
40,933
2.28
37,833
47,962
4.56
Total states and municipals
3.66
Corporate and other debt securities:
4,750
3.95
13,500
4.25
5,500
4.58
Total corporate and other debt securities
4.26
Total securities:
2.86
2.46
3.20
4.43
3.04
The Corporation’s predominant source of funds is depository accounts, which are comprised of demand deposits, savings and money market accounts and time deposits. The Corporation’s deposits are principally provided by individuals and businesses located within the communities served.
During the first six months of 2025, deposits increased $85.5 million to $2.26 billion at June 30, 2025. Noninterest bearing demand deposits increased $29.7 million, savings and interest-bearing demand deposits increased $31.2 million and time deposits increased $24.6 million during the same period. The increase in deposits was due in part to the opening of new deposit accounts and higher average balances within deposit accounts. The Corporation had $119.5 million in municipal deposits at June 30, 2025 compared to $163.4 million at December 31, 2024.
The Corporation had $25.0 million in brokered time deposits outstanding at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Corporation may continue to use brokered deposits on a limited basis as a means of maintaining and diversifying liquidity and funding sources.
During the first six months of 2025, borrowings increased $23.5 million to $146.1 million at June 30, 2025 due primarily to an increase in the Corporation’s subordinated debt, increased borrowings from the FHLB and fluctuations in balances of repurchase agreements with commercial deposit customers.
Liquidity
The objective of the Corporation’s liquidity management is to ensure the continuous availability of funds to satisfy the credit needs of our customers and the demands of our depositors, creditors and investors. Stable core deposits and a strong capital position are the components of a solid foundation for the Corporation’s liquidity position. Additional sources of liquidity available to the Corporation include cash flows from operations, loan payments and payoffs, deposit growth, maturities, calls and sales of securities, the issuance of brokered certificates of deposit and the capacity to borrow additional funds. Depending on the Corporation’s liquidity levels, conditions in the capital markets and other factors, the Corporation may from time to time consider the issuance of debt, equity or other securities, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for our operations.
Liquid assets, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits at other banks and nonpledged securities available for sale, totaled $373.7 million at June 30, 2025 compared to $288.1 million at December 31, 2024. The Corporation’s funding sources, including capacity, amount outstanding and amount available at June 30, 2025 are presented in Table 22. The Corporation’s capacity and amount available decreased $17.8 million and $29.8 million, respectively, from December 31, 2024 due primarily to fluctuations in loans pledged to the FHLB and fluctuations in the borrowing capacity at the FRB.
TABLE 22: Funding Sources
Capacity
Outstanding
Unsecured federal funds agreements
75,000
Borrowings from FHLB
267,278
215,278
Borrowings from FRB
286,137
628,415
576,415
257,734
217,734
313,499
646,233
606,233
66
We have no reason to believe these arrangements will not be renewed at maturity. Additional loans and securities are available that can be pledged as collateral for future borrowings from the FHLB and FRB above the current lendable collateral value. Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity may be affected by numerous factors, including economic conditions nationally and in our markets. Depending on our liquidity levels, our capital position, conditions in the capital markets, our business operations and initiatives, and other factors, we may from time to time consider the issuance of debt, equity or other securities or other possible capital market transactions, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for our operations.
Uninsured deposits represent an estimate of amounts above the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance coverage limit of $250,000. As of June 30, 2025, the Corporation’s uninsured deposits were approximately $677.7 million, or 30.0 percent of total deposits. Excluding intercompany cash holdings and municipal deposits which are secured with pledged securities, amounts uninsured were approximately $536.1 million, or 23.8 percent of total deposits as of June 30, 2025, compared to $455.2 million, or 21.0 percent of total deposits as of December 31, 2024. The Corporation’s liquid assets and borrowing availability as of June 30, 2025 totaled $950.1 million, exceeding uninsured deposits, excluding intercompany cash holdings and secured municipal deposits, by $414.0 million.
The Corporation’s internal policy limits brokered deposits to 20 percent of total deposits, representing approximately $426.3 million of additional net availability for additional brokered deposits as of June 30, 2025.
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation has entered into contractual obligations and has made other commitments to make future payments. For further information concerning the Corporation’s expected timing of such payments refer to “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the headings “Note 9: Leases,” “Note 11: Borrowings,” and “Note 18: Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
As a result of the Corporation’s management of liquid assets and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, management believes that the Corporation maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its operational requirements and contractual obligations.
Capital Resources
The assessment of capital adequacy depends on such factors as asset quality, liquidity, earnings performance, and changing competitive conditions and economic forces. We regularly review the adequacy of the Corporation’s and the Bank’s capital. We maintain a structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and to absorb potential losses. While we will continue to look for opportunities to invest capital in profitable growth, share repurchases are another tool that facilitates improving shareholder return, as measured by ROE and earnings per share.
The disclosure below presents the Corporation’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios under currently applicable regulatory capital standards. Under the small bank holding company policy statement of the Federal Reserve Board, which applies to certain bank holding companies with consolidated total assets of less than $3 billion, the Corporation is not subject to regulatory capital requirements. The following tables reflect the Corporation’s consolidated capital as determined under regulations that apply to bank holding companies that are not small bank holding companies and minimum capital requirements that would apply to the Corporation if it were not a small bank holding company. Although the minimum regulatory capital requirements are not applicable to the Corporation, the Corporation calculates these ratios for its own planning and monitoring purposes. Total risk-weighted assets at June 30, 2025 for the Corporation were $2.20 billion and for the Bank were $2.17 billion. Total risk-weighted assets at December 31, 2024 for the Corporation were $2.13 billion and for the Bank were $2.10 billion. As of June 30, 2025, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
TABLE 23: Regulatory Capital
Minimum Capital
Well Capitalized
Actual
Requirements
Ratio
The Corporation
Total risk-based capital ratio
330,794
15.0
175,839
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio
263,148
12.0
131,879
6.0
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio
238,148
10.8
98,909
Tier 1 leverage ratio
105,678
4.0
The Bank
322,137
14.8
173,696
217,120
294,822
13.6
130,272
97,704
141,128
6.5
11.3
104,658
130,823
5.0
299,157
14.1
170,256
252,373
11.9
127,692
227,373
10.7
95,769
102,645
284,550
13.5
168,233
210,291
258,078
12.3
126,175
94,631
136,689
101,805
127,256
The regulatory risk-based capital amounts presented above include: (1) common equity tier 1 capital (CET1) which consists principally of common stock (including surplus) and retained earnings with adjustments for goodwill and intangible assets; (2) Tier 1 capital which consists principally of CET1 plus the Corporation’s “grandfathered” trust preferred securities; and (3) Tier 2 capital which consists principally of Tier 1 capital plus a limited amount of the allowance for credit losses and $40.0 million of outstanding subordinated notes of the Corporation. The Corporation repurchased $20.0 million of subordinated notes and issued $40.0 million of subordinated notes during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The net increase of $20 million in subordinated notes increased Total Capital of the Corporation. The Corporation used a portion of the proceeds from the new subordinated notes issuance to increase its investment in the Bank, which increased CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total Capital of the Bank. The Total Capital ratio, Tier 1 Capital ratio and CET1 ratio are calculated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. The Tier 1 Leverage ratio is calculated as a percentage of average tangible assets. In addition, the Corporation has made the one-time irrevocable election to continue treating accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) under regulatory standards that were in place prior to the Basel III Final Rule in order to eliminate volatility of regulatory capital that can result from fluctuations in AOCI and the inclusion of AOCI in regulatory capital, as would otherwise be required under the Basel III Capital Rule. As a result of this election, changes in AOCI, including unrealized losses on securities available for sale, do not affect regulatory capital amounts shown in the table above for the Corporation or the Bank. For additional information about the Basel III Final Rules, see “Item 1. Business” under the heading “Regulation and Supervision” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” under the heading “Note 17: Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions” in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
In addition to the regulatory risk-based capital requirements, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets as required by the Basel III Final Rule. Including the capital conservation buffer, the
minimum ratios are a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 7.0 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.5 percent, and a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.5 percent. The Corporation and the Bank exceeded these ratios at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The Corporation’s capital resources are impacted by its share repurchase programs. The Board of Directors authorized a program, effective January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025, to repurchase up to $5.0 million of the Corporation’s common stock (the 2025 Repurchase Program). Repurchases under the 2025 Repurchase Program may be made through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (Exchange Act) and shares repurchased will be returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares of common stock. The timing, number and purchase price of shares repurchased under the program will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the shares, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other conditions, and there is no assurance that the Corporation will purchase any shares under the 2025 Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2025, there was $5.0 million remaining available for repurchases of the Corporation’s common stock under the 2025 Repurchase Program.
USE OF CERTAIN NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to GAAP in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP measures are used by management to supplement the evaluation of the Corporation’s performance. These include net tangible income attributable to the Corporation, ROTCE, tangible book value per share, and the following fully-taxable equivalent (FTE) measures: interest income on loans-FTE, interest income on securities-FTE, total interest income-FTE and net interest income-FTE. Interest on tax-exempt loans and securities is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis (which converts the income on loans and investments for which no income taxes are paid to the equivalent yield as if income taxes were paid) using the federal corporate income tax rate of 21 percent that was applicable for all periods presented.
Management believes that the use of these non-GAAP measures provides meaningful information about operating performance by enhancing comparability with other financial periods, other financial institutions, and between different sources of interest income. The non-GAAP measures used by management enhance comparability by excluding the effects of balances of intangible assets, including goodwill, that vary significantly between institutions, and tax benefits that are not consistent across different opportunities for investment. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered an alternative to, or more important than, GAAP-basis financial statements, and other bank holding companies may define or calculate these or similar measures differently. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used by the Corporation to evaluate and measure the Corporation’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is presented below.
TABLE 24: Non-GAAP Table
For The Quarter Ended
For The Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except for share and per share data)
Reconciliation of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity
Average total equity, as reported
Average goodwill
(25,191)
Average other intangible assets
(1,045)
(1,301)
(1,081)
(1,333)
Average noncontrolling interest
(652)
(602)
(696)
(656)
Average tangible common equity
210,935
189,192
207,360
189,495
Amortization of intangibles
130
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(76)
(61)
Net tangible income attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
7,754
5,072
13,184
8,538
Annualized return on average equity, as reported
Annualized return on average tangible common equity
Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income1
Interest income on loans
FTE adjustment
FTE interest income on loans
Interest income on securities
3,278
2,742
6,382
5,605
494
470
FTE interest income on securities
304
FTE interest income
FTE net interest income
(Dollars in thousands except for per share data)
Tangible Book Value Per Share
Other intangible assets
(1,022)
(1,147)
Tangible equity attributable to C&F Financial Corporation
214,100
200,022
Shares outstanding
3,238,085
3,233,672
Book value per share
74.21
70.00
Tangible book value per share
66.12
61.86
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains statements concerning the Corporation’s expectations, plans, objectives or beliefs regarding future financial performance and other statements that are not historical facts, which may constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined by federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “intend,” “target,” “should,” “could,” or similar expressions, are not statements of historical fact, and are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions and expectations regarding future events or performance as of the date of this report, taking into account all information currently available. These statements may include, but are not limited to: statements regarding expected future operations and financial performance; expected trends in yields on loans; expected future recovery of investments in debt securities; future dividend payments; deposit trends, charge-offs and delinquencies; changes in cost of funds and net interest margin and items affecting net interest margin; changes in interest rates and the effects thereof on net interest income, expected renewal of unsecured federal funds agreements; expected impact of unrealized losses on earnings and regulatory capital of the Corporation or the Bank; expectations regarding the Bank’s regulatory risk-based capital requirement levels; competition; our loan portfolio; our digital services; deposit trends; improving operational efficiencies; retention of qualified loan officers and expectations regarding new mortgage loan originations; higher quality automobile loan contracts, marine and RV lending; strategic business initiatives and the anticipated effects thereof; technology initiatives; our diversified business strategy; asset quality; credit quality; adequacy of allowances for credit losses and the level of future charge-offs; market interest rates and housing inventory and resulting effects in mortgage loan origination volume; sources of liquidity; adequacy of the reserve for indemnification losses related to loans sold in the secondary market; capital levels; the effect of future market and industry trends; the effects of future interest rate levels and fluctuations; cybersecurity risks and inflation. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties due to factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Corporation including, but not limited to, changes in:
These risks and uncertainties, and the risks discussed in more detail in Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” of Part I of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein.
Readers should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from historical results or those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements, or that the beliefs, assumptions and expectations underlying such forward-looking statements will be proven to be accurate. Forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date on which the statement was made, except as otherwise required by law.
ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Corporation’s primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect the amount of interest income and expense the Corporation receives or pays on a significant portion of its assets and liabilities and the market value of its interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, excluding those which have a very short term until maturity. The Corporation does not subject itself to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk due to the current nature of its operations. The Corporation has established a comprehensive enterprise risk management program to monitor risks related to its operations, including market risk, and the Corporation’s Chief Risk Officer has primary responsibility for the enterprise risk management program.
The Corporation’s Asset/Liability Committee meets at least quarterly with the primary objective of maximizing current and future net interest income within acceptable levels of interest rate risk while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Management recognizes that a certain amount of interest rate risk is inherent and appropriate. Thus the goal of interest rate risk management is to maintain a balance between risk and reward such that net interest income is maximized while risk is maintained at an acceptable level. The objective of the Corporation’s liquidity management is to meet the Corporation’s liquidity requirements by ensuring the continuous availability of funds to satisfy the credit needs of our customers and the demands of our depositors, creditors and investors. Stable core deposits and a strong capital position are the components of a solid foundation for the Corporation’s liquidity position. Management continuously monitors cash flows, including deposit flows, loan fundings and draws, securities payments and borrowing maturities, and the impact of changes in interest rates on these cash flows. Additionally, management tracks uninsured deposits, unpledged securities and unpledged loans among other liquidity metrics.
The Corporation assumes interest rate risk in the normal course of operations. The fair values of most of the Corporation’s financial instruments will change when interest rates change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Corporation. Management attempts to match maturities and repricing dates of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to balance minimizing interest rate risk and increasing net interest income in current market conditions. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates, maturities and repricing dates of assets and liabilities and attempts to manage interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans, deposits and borrowings, by investing in securities with terms that manage the Corporation’s overall interest rate risk, and in some cases by using derivative contracts to reduce the Corporation’s overall exposure to changes in interest rates. The Corporation does not enter into interest rate-sensitive instruments for trading purposes.
We use simulation analysis to assess earnings at risk and economic value of equity (EVE) analysis to assess economic value at risk. These methods allow management to regularly monitor both the direction and magnitude of the Corporation’s interest rate risk exposure. These modeling techniques involve assumptions and estimates that inherently cannot be measured with complete precision. Key assumptions in the analyses include maturity and repricing characteristics of both assets and liabilities, prepayments on amortizing assets, other embedded options, non-maturity deposit sensitivity and loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are inherently uncertain due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors. However, the analyses are useful in quantifying risk and provide a relative gauge of the Corporation’s interest rate risk position over time.
Simulation analysis evaluates the potential effect of upward and downward changes in market interest rates on future net interest income. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining net interest income over the next twelve months. The resulting percentage change in net interest income in various rate scenarios is an indication of the Corporation’s shorter-term interest rate risk. The analysis utilizes a “static” balance sheet approach, which assumes changes in interest rates without any management response to change the composition of the balance sheet. The measurement date balance sheet composition is maintained over the simulation time period with maturing and repayment dollars being rolled back into like instruments for new terms at current market rates. Additional assumptions are applied to modify volumes and pricing under the various rate scenarios. These assumptions include loan prepayments, time deposit early withdrawals, the sensitivity of deposit repricing to changes in market rates, withdrawal behavior of non-maturing deposits, and other factors that management deems significant.
The simulation analysis results, based on a measurement date balance sheet as of June 30, 2025, for hypothetical changes in net interest income over the next twelve months are presented in the following table.
One-Year Net Interest Income Simulation (dollars in thousands)
Hypothetical Change in Net
Interest Income
Over the Next Twelve Months
as of
Assumed Market Interest Rate Shift
Dollars
Percentage
-300 BP shock
(14,150)
(11.94)
(7,568)
(6.66)
-200 BP shock
(9,362)
(7.90)
(4,687)
(4.12)
-100 BP shock
(4,301)
(3.63)
(2,040)
(1.79)
+100 BP shock
2,429
2.05
0.20
+200 BP shock
4,863
0.45
+300 BP shock
7,274
6.14
These results indicate that the Corporation would expect net interest income to decrease over the next twelve months assuming an immediate downward shift in market interest rates of 100 BP to 300 BP and to increase if rates shifted upward to the same degree. The simulation analysis results show the Corporation’s sensitivity to an upward shift in rates was more pronounced relative to a downward shift in rates as of June 30, 2025 compared to the results as of December 31, 2024 due primarily to shifts in the mix of loans and deposits and a lower interest rate environment, particularly lower longer-term market rates.
The EVE analysis provides information on the risk inherent in the balance sheet that might not be taken into account in the simulation analysis due to the shorter time horizon used in that analysis. The EVE of the balance sheet is defined as the discounted present value of expected asset cash flows minus the discounted present value of the expected liability cash flows. The analysis involves changing the interest rates used in determining the expected cash flows and in discounting the cash flows. The resulting percentage change in net present value in various rate scenarios is an indication of the longer term repricing risk and options embedded in the balance sheet.
The EVE analysis results are presented in the following table.
Static EVE Change (dollars in thousands)
Hypothetical Change in EVE
(46,422)
(10.92)
(25,260)
(6.49)
(22,267)
(5.24)
(9,335)
(2.40)
(6,180)
(1.45)
270
(0.08)
(6,771)
(1.74)
(2,106)
(0.50)
(13,022)
(3.34)
(4,974)
(1.17)
(20,439)
(5.25)
These results as of June 30, 2025 indicate that the EVE would decrease assuming an immediate downward or upward shift in market interest rates of 100 BP to 300 BP. As of June 30, 2025, the Corporation’s EVE is more sensitive to downward changes in rates and less sensitive to upward changes in rates compared to its position as of December 31, 2024 due primarily to shifts in the mix of earning assets and in the mix of deposits and borrowings, which impacted the overall duration of both assets and liabilities. The lower interest rate environment as of June 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, particularly lower longer-term market rates, increased the prepayment expectations of certain earning assets, which also contributed to the Corporation’s EVE sensitivity to changes in rates.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk analyses. Modeling changes in forecasted cash flows and EVE requires making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates, and certain assumed scenarios may be impractical to model under different economic circumstances. In a falling rate environment, the analyses assume that rate-sensitive assets are repriced downward, subject to floors on certain loans, while certain deposit rates are not allowed to decrease below zero.
The Corporation uses interest rate swaps to manage select exposures to interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed and variable rate interest payments between two parties, based on a common notional principal amount and maturity date with no exchange of underlying principal amounts. The Corporation has interest rate swaps that qualify as cash flow hedges. The cash flow hedges effectively modify the Corporation’s exposure to interest rate risk associated with the Corporation’s trust preferred capital notes by converting variable rates of interest on the trust preferred capital notes to fixed rates of interest for periods ending between June 2026 and June 2029. Also, as part of the Corporation’s overall strategy for maximizing net interest income while managing interest rate risk, the Corporation enters into interest rate swaps in connection with originating loans to certain commercial borrowers as a means to offer a fixed-rate instrument to the borrower while effectively retaining a variable-rate exposure.
The mortgage banking segment enters into IRLCs with customers to originate loans for which the interest rates are determined prior to funding. The mortgage banking segment then mitigates interest rate risk on these IRLCs and loans held for sale by entering into forward sales contracts with investors at the time that interest rates are locked for loans to be delivered on a best efforts basis. IRLCs are derivative financial instruments.
We believe that our current interest rate exposure is manageable and within our current interest rate risk guidelines.
ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover every situation involving the failure of persons within the Corporation or its subsidiary to disclose material information required to be set forth in the Corporation’s periodic reports.
There were no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the normal course of business, the Corporation is subject to various legal and administrative proceedings and claims. Legal and administrative proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties and unfavorable rulings could occur, and the timing and outcome of any legal or administrative proceeding cannot be predicted with certainty. As of June 30, 2025, the Corporation is not involved in any material pending or threatened legal proceedings other than proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.
ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the risk factors faced by the Corporation from those disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized a program, effective January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025, to repurchase up to $5.0 million of the Corporation’s common stock (the 2025 Repurchase Program). Repurchases under the 2025 Repurchase Program may be made through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and/or Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act and shares repurchased will be returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares of common stock. The timing, number and purchase price of shares repurchased under the 2025 Repurchase Program, if any, will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors including the market price of the shares, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other conditions, and there is no assurance that the Corporation will purchase any shares under the 2025 Repurchase Program. There were no shares repurchased under the 2025 Repurchase Program during the second quarter of 2025.
The following table summarizes repurchases of the Corporation’s common stock that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Total Number of
Dollar Value) of
Shares Purchased as
Shares that May Yet
Part of Publicly
Be Purchased
Average Price Paid
Announced Plans or
Under the Plans or
Shares Purchased1
per Share
Programs
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025
64.35
5,000,000
May 1, 2025 - May 31, 2025
66.54
June 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025
65.25
145
65.16
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933).
ITEM 6.EXHIBITS
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of C&F Financial Corporation, effective March 7, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q filed November 8, 2017)
3.1.1
Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of C&F Financial Corporation, effective January 8, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 to Form 8-K filed January 14, 2009)
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of C&F Financial Corporation, as adopted December 15, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed December 17, 2020)
Form of Subordinated Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed June 6, 2025)
Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed June 6, 2025)
31.1
Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2
Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)
Certification of CEO/CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
The following financial statements from the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL, filed herewith: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited), (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
104
The cover page from the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within Exhibit 101)
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
(Registrant)
Date:
August 11, 2025
By:
/s/ Thomas F. Cherry
Thomas F. Cherry
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jason E. Long
Jason E. Long
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)